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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 30, 1957)
FOUR MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE MEDFORDwsTRIBUNE "Z very one m Soutncm Oregon ttea ine Mali in Dune Published Dally except Saturday by MEDFORD PRINTING CO 27 -2& Nort lr St Phone 2- 141 ROBERT W RUHL. Editor HERB GREY Advertising Manager GERALD LATHAM Buainen Manager ERIC ALLEN JR Managing Editor EARL H ADAMS City Editor HARRY CHIPMAN Telegraph Editor RICHARD JEWETT Sport Editor OLIVE ST ARCHER Societv Editor DALE ERICKSON Circulation Mgr. . An Independent Newspaper Entered mm second class matter at Medford Oregon under Act of March 3, 1897 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Mail In Advance Per Copy lOe Daily and Sunday One year $15 00 Daily and Sunday Six month 8 00 Daily and Sunday Three mm 425 Sunday Only One rear S4.20 By Carrier In Advance Med ford Aahland Central Point Eagle Point Jacksonville Gold Hill Phoenix. Shady Cove Rotrue River. Talent and on motor routes Daily and Sunday One year $18 00 Daiiy and Sunday One month liO Carrier and Dealer 10c per copy Ail Term Cash In Advance Offlruj Paper f the City of Med ford Official Ha per of Jackson County United Preas Full Leased Wire" MEMBER OF AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATION Advertising Representative: WEST-HOLIDAY COMPANY INC Office In New York Chicago, de trr.it San Francisco Lo Angeles Seattle Portland St Louis Atlanta Vancouver B C NATIONAL EDITORIAL I ASSOCfA'ION I .imiHMim'H.'.iHi NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS ASSOCIATION Flight or Time Medford and Jackson County History from the file of Tha Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 years ago. 10 YEARS AGO Jan. 30. 1947 (Thursday) Jackson county collections for the March of Dimes now total $5,672.82, Ralph Sweeney, coun ty treasurer, announces. From Arthur Perry's Ye Smudge Pot column: "20 BE 1 LOW ZERO FOUND BALMY" (Headline Salem Capital Journal) Something besides the weather is "balmy." 20 YEARS AGO Jan. 30. 1337 (Saturday) W. V. Walker, president of Commercial Finance corpora tion, Medford, is reelected di rector of Mercantile Acceptance Corporation of California. Rex Barnett, Grants Pass auto mobile man, is reelected captain of Hillah Temple's Shrine patroL 30 YEARS AGO Jan. 30. 1927 (Sunday) Mrs. Dwan L. Reid, 703 West 13th st., Medford, is elected win ner of Gates and Lydiard music contest broadcast over KMED. In two days air mail letters can be sent anywhere in the country from Medford for 10 cents for each half ounce. 40 YEARS AGO Jan. 30. 1917 (Tuaidav) City council debate until mid night nn thp four bids submitted for the $35,000 bond issue and adjourns until today for more debate. Fnroilmpnt at hich school In creases almost a 100 students since last year, according to Y. H. Daily, principal. What's Your I.Q.? Nina or ten correct l superior; en or eight U excellent; fin of St I food. 1. The first Temperance So ciety recorded (1808) in the U.S. was formed by 43 members re siding in Saratoga County in which State? 2. The head of which church issues encyclicals? 3. Bible: "Unto the church of God which is at Corinth . . . " comes from which New Testa ment Book? 4. Is an automatic divorce without court action possible in any State of the Union? 5. The Internationa Date Line extends east and west; true or false? 6. What novel resulted from the shipwreck of Alexander Selkirk? 7. Clearly visible mirages can be photographed; true or false? 8. Is the feminine first name Celeste from Italian? Spanish? 9. "Before" refers to a rela tive position in time, place, etc.: does "in front of" describe as wide a scope as "before"? 10. "The dome of thought, and palace of the soul." Byron. To what part of the body is he referring? Answers: 1. New York. 2. Ro man Catholic church. 3. Corin thians. 4. No. 5. Falsa. North and south. 6. "Robinson Cru soe". 7. True. 8. No. French. 9. No. Refers to a physical posi tion only. 10. Head. "Death for "It is my feeling that state government has an obligation to be civilized, even in the exercise of its obligations to protect society from desperate and murderous criminals. And I find nothing in enlightened religion or the ethics of modern civilization that justifies an 'eye for an eye' philosophy. Thus, inasmuch as capital punishment neither prevents murder, nor edifies and refines the society that exacts the death penalty, I recommend strongly the im- mediate repeal of the capital punishment law." This is a paragraph from the inaugural message of Gov. Robert Holmes. It is food for thought. The undersigned, in the course of his reporter's duties, at different times has witnessed the gas chamber death of two men. It is a memory which will never leave us. To watch the deliberate taking of a man's life is a sobering and shocking experience. IITE ARE in no position to debate the religious or " philosophical or even the ethical arguments re garding capital punishment, but on purely pragmatic grounds it just does not add up to effective and in telligent penology. Carefully kept statistics show the death penalty is no deterrent to capital crimes. Those who kill in the heat of passion are not thinking about that, and the professional murderer wouldn't do it if he thought he couldn't get away with it. When a particularly brutal murder is performed, it is natural for people to become aroused, and to demand that "that so-and-so be sent to the chair." But do they really mean it? After the long delays of a trial and of appeals have passed, is there still any real and extensive insistence that the man's life be forfeit? Do we still insist, when passions pass, on a life for a life? IF IT is agreed that capital punishment is no deter rent, and that we do not subscribe to the "punish ment" theory of death, then it comes down to the practical matter of the protection of society. We suspect the real objection to eliminating cap ital punishment in Oregon is the fear that a brutal murderer may, if allowed to live, be set free and perhaps to murder again. Bob Duncan, Jackson county's young freshman representative, has long had an interest in the elim ination of capital punishment, yet he recognizes this argument as a valid and effective one. In working on a measure to end capital punishment, he is also seeking to set up a safeguard against premature re lease of a man convicted of a capital crime. This could be done in providing for a life sentence without parole, or for 99-year sentences, or in other ways. This is a matter which could be worked out on the advice of legal and penal experts. RUT the fact remains that the deliberate, legalized taking of a human life benefits no one. It is eth ically questionable, at the very least. It is no deter rent to crime. It causes lasting scars on the lives of others involved. It upsets prison administration. And, the jury system being what it is, it can cause the death of one man and let another no less guilty live out his life. Oregon, for the few years between 1914 and 1920, did away with capital punishment. It was re instated following public revulsion at a particularly horrible murder. Perhaps we have progressed suf ficiently by now to recognize that a "death for a death" (for some, anyway) is an obsolete concept. . ' E.A. Oil and Science Fiction A couple of English engineers have come up with a proposal to make transportation of oil easier and faster, in view of the pinch created by closure of the Suez canal. They propose that giant plastic "dirigibles" be constructed, to be filled with oil and towed behind a tanker. When pumped dry at their destination, they can be collapsed and flown back again to the source for immediate umes tne quantity ot oil transportable by sea. The cost would be small, compared with that of new tankers. This sounds like a fine idea, and we are sure the English engineers are to be congratulated. It would be interesting to know where they got the idea. XfE FIRST heard of it, or rather, something like it, in a science fiction magazine more than a year ago. The story concerned World War III be tween the U.S. and Russia, when both sides were running out of oil to operate their war machines. The U.S. had developed oil exploration, and were pumping oil from sub-sea wells just off the northern coast of Russia. To get the oil back, they used big, collapsible "dirigibles" towed by submarines. The stoiy, a highly exciting one, was written by Frank Herbert, who spent several days in Medford last spring as press aide for Phil Hitchcock, then a X ? 1 1 ? J1 I. . . T-1A senatorial candidate. j&.a. Tunisian General Dies Paris (U.R) Habib Djel louli, 78. retired Tunisan gen eral, died today of injuries suf fered in the crash of a chartered French air liner at Orly Field Tuesday night Sixty-eight other persons aboard the plane sur vived. The big four-engine Armagnac airliner cracked up while land ing on a flight from Tunis. Forty six of the passengers were in jured, 16 seriously. Wednesday, January 30, 1957 a Death " one of several ways by re-use, thus multiplying many submarines for underwater In Paris Plane Crash S. Sgt. John Piccover, Paw tucket, R. I., was on duty at the U. S. Air Force sector nf the Tn. ternational Airport when the plane pin-wheleed in. He said within 40 seconds of the crash the first American firetrucks were racing to the scene. Lt. Col. R. S. Wilson fltla- homa City, commander of the U. S. Air Base at Orlv said mnrp than 100 American airmen joined in the rescue operations. Communications Letters to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer although unrler certain circum stances the u of a pen name or initial for publication is permis sible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right to edit all letters with an eye to clarification and conden sation. Letters submitted for pub lication must not exceed 400 words. Wanted A Statewide Plan To the Editor: Dividing and destroying Medford, the only city so treated in 300 miles across Oregon, ruining Hawthorne Park, and possible lovely park ways along Bear creek, by a federal-state-built freeway, does seem unnecessary, even though present cost is said to be less. As to sparing farm and orchard lands again, it's present think ing, it seems to me. Noting the rapid population in crease in all Pacific-bordering states makes one wonder how soon farms and orchards will give way. Acreages, cut into "building lots," have sprung up like mushroom patches all over the valley. Dollar receipts for homesites, etc., would doubtless exceed present farm values for a freeway. Last summer Pasadena news papers show seven half-page pan oramic pictures of their large valley being converted from orange groves and other food- producing lands to residential areas. This valley cannot escape 'developing the country "pro gress. But must spoiling our fair city, polluting the pure air with oii and gasoline smoke and other fumes, become part of the sacrifices? With the Talent irrigation pro ject finished, more and larger reservoirs, and the present watershed survey completed, enough more water may be in the Bear Creek flow to maintain nice parkways. Such parks would be attractive as recrea tional areas. If farm lands are to be main tained as food-producing, some thing must be done, and soon, to stop the mushroom-like com munities from springing up wherever somebody has one to 10 acres of land to cut into building lots" where 10 to 100 families may be "stranded" with out sufficient future water sup ply or sewer disposal facilities. Planning, it seems to me, should be on a valley, watershed, coun ty or state-wide basis; and 50 to 100 years viewpoint ahead, as near as possible. Some of the most beautiful homesite view- Oil Lobby Funds Ruled Not Tax Deductible Washington (CQ) Contrib utors to the Natural Gas and Oil Resources Committee big gest spender in the publicity bat tle over the controversial natural gas bill will not be allowed to take tax deductions for their con tributions. Congressional Quarterly has learned that Internal Revenue Service field offices will be in structed to rule th ealmost $2 million in contributions non-deductible. The ruling, subject to appeal, could cost the donor oil and gas companies involved more than $1 million. This ruling on the NGORC could have important and far reaching implications for the tax-exempt status of other so called "informational" groups whose activities touch on legis lative matters. Were Deductible Previously these groups so long as they were not registered as lobbies were aided in so liciting funds because potential contributors could be told their contributions were tax deduct ible. Many such "informational" organizations receive the largest share of their funds from such contributions. But so far the Internal Reve nue Service has not said its de cision will be applied to other groups; neither has it published a formal ruling on the NGORC. The decision on the big "infor mation" group, whose backers favored the 1956 bill to exempt independent natural gas pro ducers from federal regulation, stems directly from , the 11-month-old Senate investigation of lobbying practices. President Eisenhower vetoed the gas bill last Feb. 17 after Sen. Francis Case (R-S.D.) re vealed he had been offered a $2,500 campaign contribution by backers of the measure. The President has asked Congress to pass a similar measure this year. Interviewed by Committee In New York, Steward , R. Sheldon, executive director of the NGORC, said he had received no word of the ruling. Sheldon also said no reports had been re ceived on the tax treatment given any individual contribu tions to the NGORC. The NGORC was one of the first groups called before the Special Senate Lobby Investi gating Committee headed by Sen. John L. McClellan (D-Ark.). Leonard F. McCollum of Hous ton, Texas, president of Conti nental Oil Co. and chairman of the NGORC, testified last June 14 the group received $1,957,393 in "assessments and contribu tions" from Dec. 1, 1954 through March 31, 1956. Expenditures in the period totaled $1,753,513, with most of the money going to an advertising and puDiicity campaign handled by the public relations firm of Hill and Knowl- ton. The NGORC did not register Editorial Comment SCENERY Jn Washington we find bi partisan concern over the scenic vistas that border our new free ways. Sen. Richard L. Neu berger, a Democrat, has intro duced a bill to control outdoor advertising along these high ways. Sinclair Weeks, the Re publican secretary of commerce, has testified that such a law might be wise. Is this federal interference in a local matter? Of course it is. But, as Editor Charles Sprague points out in the Oregon States man, Uncle Sam puts up 90 per cent of the money for these free ways. Thus the federal govern ment has some moral right to regulate the conditions under which it is spent. And, he con tinues, government action is likely only because the local governments have failed to do anything about the situation themselves. Two years ago when the Leg islature passed its law regulating billboards on freeways, we point ed out that the job was not really done. The law limits bill boards to one every thousand feet. Freeway speed averages in excess of 60 miles an hour or 5,280 feet a minute. That means we stand to meet a billboard every 10 or 12 seconds. And that's just too often. It also means that between Portland and Medford a driver is likely to be treated to as many as 2.000 billboards. That's also too many. Eugene Register Guard. points are in and along the foot hills. With far-sighted planning, water should be piped along such areas for homes, not acre ages nor factories and the fertile valley farm lands maintained for food production. It will be need ed. A few unscrupulous, over- greedy ones have already wasted and destroyed most of America's natural resources. Millions of acres of destroyed forests, the half million square miles of the Great American Sahara in the SW right now are agonizing. These should cause us to stop, look, and think of the desert-like lands we are making. John E. Gribble, 139 Kenwood ave., Medford, Ore; under the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act. McCoUum testified that "not one cent of our funds has been spent for campaign contribu tions or legislative contact work . Such activities would be out side the field of the committee, which had the single assign ment of conducting a long-range information and education pro gram. Under questioning, McCoUum conceded "one of the purposes" of the NGORC was "to influence legislation" similar to the nat ural gas bill, but he maintained "that wasn't the sole purpose . . . It was not the principal pur pose." McCoUum said that his own company had charged its $57,000 contribution to the NGORC as a business expense for tax pur poses. Similar testimony was given the committee by repre sentatives of Stanolind Oil and Gas Co., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co, Shell Oil Co., Gulf Oil Corp., and Humble Oil and Refining Co. Ask for Inquiry Sen. Clinton P. Anderson 0 N.M.) during the hearings ques tioned the propriety of the de ductions and said the companies were asking "the Treasury of the United States to put in 52 per cent of the money ... for this educational campaign." (The con tributions, if non-deductible, will be subject to the 52 per cent cor poration income tax. This would cost the companies about $1, 017,844.) The Committee then asked the Internal Revenue Service to in vestigate the tax status of the NGORC contributions. The ruling on the NGORC ap parently was based on Sections 501 (c) (3) and 503 (e) of the In ternal Revenue Code of 1954. Contributions to an organization, "a substantial part of whose ac tivities is carrying on propagan da or otherwise attempting to influence legislation," are made non-deductible by these sections. O Gordon Dell, then acting Commissioner of Internal Rev enue, wrote the McClellan Com mittee last Aug. 15 that the NGORC contributions would be ruled non-deductible "if it is de termined that one of its prin cipal purposes was or is lobby ing or attempting by propaganda or otherwise to promote or de feat legislation." The same section of the Rev enue Code was cited in a 1955 Internal Revenue ruling, deny ing tax deductibility to contri butions to the nationalist group, For America. Doubts Raised Tax experts told Congressional Quarterly the NGORC ruling and 'the earlier decision on For America raise doubts about the tax status of all so-called edu cational groups whose work may Soviet Russia May Pay For Help Given by Red By CHARLES M. McCANN United Press Correspondent Soviet Russia may pay dearly for the help it got from Commu nist China in framing a new pol icy for its East European s a t ellites. Chinese Red Premier Chou En-lai went to Moscow lit the urgent request of t h e Soviet government to aid in reshap ing policy in refrstwi.,' i Charles McCann light of the Polish and Hunga rian revolts. In Russia's behalf. Chou also visited' Warsaw and Budapest to talk to Polish Com munist leader Wladyslaw Go- mulka and Hungarian puppet Premier Janos Kadar. The result was a joint state ment issued by Chou and Soviet Premier Nikolai A. Bulganin. Chou and Bulganin said that Communist countries are sov ereign independent states" and that Russia remains the center of world Communism. But it looks now as if the most important result of Chou's mis sion was to strengthen the pres tige of Red China at Russia's, ex pense. Sort of Arbiter Chou semed to be the domi nant figure in the Moscow talks a sort of arbiter between Rus sia and its satellites. He certainly strengthened his country's position as an influ ence in the neutralist coun tries of East Asia There have long been signs of Russian-Chinese rivalry in East Asia. Russia has made a big bid to build itself up there, especial ly in India. But Red China has moved in Congressional Quiz (Copyright. 1956 Congressional Quarterly) Q The top Democratic posts in the new Senate and House both are held by men from the same state. What is the state and who are the men? A - House Speaker Sam Rayburn and Senate Major ity Leader Lyndon B. John son ara Texas Democrats. Q True or false: House Speaker Sam Rayburn (D-Texas) has occupied the Speaker's chair longer than any other man. A True. Rayburn already has served as Speaker one year longer than any other person. He first was elected Speaker Sept. IB, 1940, and has served in that post ever since, except during the Re publican 80th and 83rd Con gresses (1947-49 1953-55) when he was Minority Leader of tha House.. Q Senate Repulicans have elected a new Whip, or Assist ant Floor Leader, for the 85th Congress. Can you name him? A Eventl McKinley Dirk sen of Illinois. Dirksen re placed Leveretl Salionsiall of Massachusetts, who became GOP Conference Chairman on the retirement of Eugene Mil likin of Colorado. Q On July 5, the House vot ed 194-224 against a bill to give federal aid to states for school construction; But before that vote, the House agreed 225-192, to a controversial amendment that would have barred aid to certain states. What was the amendment and who sponsored ed it? - , A The amendment, spon sored by Rep. Adam C. Powell Jr., would have barred aid to states operating racially seg regated schools. Morse Sees Action Needed for Lumber Washington U.R Sen. Wayne Morse said today that the outlook for a strong lumber mar ket will continue to be poor un less strong remedial action is taken. Morse said the distress grip ping the leading industry in Ore gon "continues to worsen," and blamed the administration's "high interest, tight money pol icy" with shrinking private home building. The senator said he saw no in dication in the president's budg et or state of the union messages that relief was in sight. "We must seek action to stim ulate renewed private financing of homes by reversing -the tight money program, and by backing an ambitious program of public housing," Morse declared. be -aimed at influencing Con gress. The McClellan Committee staff has interviewed govern ment witnesses on this problem. The Committee's recommenda tions for overhaul of the lobby ing law, due by May 31, may include legislation to clarify the tax status of educational or propaganda groups. Copyright 1957. Congressional Quarterly WELL EQUIPPED Flint, Mich. (U.R) Dr. R. Gordon Brain is a psychiatrist here. I -1 Chou's present tour of Asia which he interrupted to visit Moscow, seems almost openly aimed at giving China the No. 1 position in relations with India, Burma, Indonesia and other countries. Another stage in the develop ment of Russian-Chinese rivalry lies in the indefinite future. Wants U.N. Seat Chou has shown, in speeches he had made recently in India and other East Asian countries, that he is looking forward to the day when the United States may recognize his government, and Red China may be admitted to the United Nations. There has ben no sign that the Defense of Dulles Lacking in Senate; He Gets Rough Time By LYLE C. WILSON United Press Correspondent Washington (U.R) The Democratic assault on Secretary of State John Foster Dulles spotlights a serious propaganda deficency in depart ment defenses. The department- lacks a d e p e n d able and aggres sive defender on capitol hill. Department agents have been r. o s i n g Lyle C. Wilson around for years seeking such an individual. There are several aggressive and effective Republicans in the Senate who could do the job if they would. Such men as Sen ate Republican Leader William F. Knowland (Calif.) and Sens. Styles Bridges (N.H.) and Wil liam E. Jenner (Ind.) would fit the pattern. Jenner, however, is more often off the party reservation than on it. Neither Bridges nor Know- land has done any real slugging so lar in defense of Dulles. Dulles Has Rough Time Dulles, meantime, has been roughed up in public congres sional hearings beyond the ex perience of most men. The gen eral trend of attack has been that the secretary is responsible for Middle East policies or lack of policies which brought the threat of World War III very close. . That is a serious indictment. Equally serious is the charge often now repeated that Dulles has lost the confidence of Con- In the Day's News By FRANK Rugged weather notes: No break in Oregon's cold weather is visible today, al though temperatures this morn ing (Monday) were slightly warmer than those of Sunday when new records were set all over the state. Portland reports it hasn't had a temperature above the freez ing point since Jan. 18. The Columbia river is full of ice, and tugs have to pinch-hit as ice breakers in order to deliver oil fuel to The Dalles. THE worst wmter storm m years hits Southern Califor nia with snow jamming traffic in suburban Los Angeles. The City of the Angels itself had icy rain, sleet, hail and a light snow that melted quickly. Hmmmmmmm. One can't help wondering about these weather sharps who have been telling us the tropics are moving northward herring 400 miles farther north in the Gulf of Greenland, possums moving up into Canada, and so on. D'ya reckon their faces may be getting red these icy morn ings? BITING 80 mph winds continue to pound the west coast of Britain. Bad weather hampers The. Better Service Only lady assistant in Ashland . C M. Litwiller Organist and Soloist (No Charge) Mrs. Litwiller has been our constant and competent help mate for nearly 22 years. This is especially appreciated for lady's and children services. litwiller r Funeral f Home iV Mountain View Chapel Hwy. 66 at Normal Office 88 N. Main ASHLAND We Never Close "It is than ft . jr. Dearly China United States is even thinking of recognizing the Red Chinese regime. But it may do so. The Communists are pretty firmly in control of their country of 600 million people, and they seem likely to remain in control. If and when American recog nition comes, China's position will be strengthened further at Russia's expense. Russia loses no opportunity to demand Red China's admission to the U.N. But there is a strong suspicion that the Soviet govern ment is well content with the present situation, in which its own position as chief spokesman for the Communist world is un challenged. gress and of the United States' major European Allies. Whether Dulles actually has lost the con fidence of Congress remains to be seen. More likely than not, the Ei senhower administration's pro posals for staving off Communist penetration of the Middle East will be approved by Concress without destructive changes. Such approval would be an ex pression of confidence, at least, in that policy. That is the one which has brought Dulles for days recently before the Senate Foreign Relations and Armed Services Committees. Little Defense The defense of Dulles in Con gress is neither as sharp nor as sustained as the attack. The be lief is spreading here that Presi dent Eisenhower must shortly speak up sharply for his secre tary of state if Dulles' prestige is not to be very seriously dam aged. Mr. Eisenhower did so private ly Tuesday when he paid a sur prise visit to the capitol to lunch with Re-publican senators. Bridges told reporters after wards the President described Dulles as a "well-qualified, con scientous, hardworking, dedicat ed secretary of state" doing a "terrific job, under handicaps." Dean Acheson got rough treat ment from Congress during his term as secretary of state, per haps as rough as Dulles has been experiencing, but with a differ ence. The difference was Harry S. Truman. Mr. Truman, who placed Acheson in charge of the State Department, was his ag gressive defender. JENKINS the search for two Danish ships missing off Greenland. But HEAT is the problem "down under." Marblebar, in western Australia, had a reading of 108 degrees yesterday. THIS troubled world note: Violence flares again in the Holy Land. Syrian guns open fire on Israeli fishing boats on the Sea of Galilee. In Cairo, Egyptian sources say that unless the U.N. forces Israel out of both the Gaza strip and the shores of the Gulf of Aqaba there will be trouble. These sources say Egypt may once again close the Suez canal or LAUNCH MILITARY ACTION. AT THIS point, another Hmm. We take the weather in stride because we CAN'T DO ANYTHING ABOUT IT. We're WORRIED about the Middle East because we can do something about it AND ARE AFRAID WE MAY HAVE TO. MORE trouble: Th Paric rfocicrnerc an. nounce this morning that SKIRTS ARE TO BE LONGER which means that if the ladies have already let 'em out as long as the material will permit NEW ONES WILL HAVE TO BE BOUGHT! ! ! . "WW i t..tlv-.'jis Mrs. Litwiller - ,T.rrTn'rji ;JtT . ? - 'VN better to know us and not need us. to need us and not know us."