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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (April 23, 1956)
FOUR MEDFORD (OREGON) MedfordWTribune "Everybody in Southern Oregon Reads The Mail Tribun" Published Daily Except Saturday by ME.DFORD PRINTING CO. 87-29 North Fir St. Phone 2-6141 ROBERT W. RUHL. Editor HERB GREY, Advertising Manager GERALD LATHAM. Business Manager ERIC ALLEN JR.. Managing Editor EARL H. ADAMS. City Editor HARRY CHIPMAN, Telegraph Editor P.1CHARD JEWETT Sports Editor OLIVE STARCHER Society Editor DALE ERICKSON. Circulation Mgr. An Independent Newspaper Entered as second class matter at Mediord. Oregon, under Act of March 3. J 897 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Mail In Advance: Per Copy 10c. Daily and Sunday One year 112.00 Daiiy and Sunday Six months 6.50 Daily and Sunday Three mot. 3.30 Sunday Only One year $3.50. . By Carrier In Advance Medfdrd. Ashland. Central Point. Eagle Point. Jacksonville. Gold Hill. Phoenix. Shady Cove Rogue River. Talent, and on motor routes: Daily and Sunday One year 115.00 Daily and Sunday One month 1.25 Carrier and Dealers 5c per copy All Terms Cash in Advance Official Paper of the City of Medford Off!-lal Paper of Jackson County United Press Full Leased Wire MEMBER OF AUDIT' BUREAU OF CIRCULATION Advertising Representative: WEST-HOLLIDAY COMPANY INC. Offices in New York. Chicago. De troit San Francisco. Los Angeles, Seattle. Portland. St. Louis. Atlanta. Vancouver B.C. NATIONAL EDITORIAL IassocITatlqn V U O '0" NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS ASSOCIATION Flight o' Time Medford and Jackson County History from the files of The Mail Tribune 10, 20. 30 and 10 years ago. 10 YEARS AGO April 23, 1946 (It was Tuesday) Kiwanians of division 11 of Pacific Northwest district con vene at Holland hotel tomorrow for luncheon. From Arthur Perry's Ye Smudge Pot column: The warm afternoons have caused orchard ists to test out this years shade, and talk about goose-eggs as big as hall stones. 20 YEARS AGO April 23, 193S (It was Wednesday) Members of IOOF of south ern Oregon celebrate 117th an niversary of organization in the U. S. April 30. Plans for local observance of National Music week. May 3 to 9, are progressing, according to Miss Jeunesse Butler, chairman. 30 YEARS AGO April 23, 1926 (It was Friday) Celebration May 7 at Crescent City, Calif., to mark dedication of Douglas Memorial Bridge be ing completed on the Redwoods. Better Homes week receives attention in Oregon about 30 communities are participating. Including Jacksonville, Ashland, Medford and Central Point. 40 YEARS AGO April 23, 1916 (It was Sunday) Most denominations in the country represented at Social Service exposition tonight at the Medford Nat. County Clerk Gardner com piles data on liquor business in Jackson county for first three months of present year, and ha noted a marked increase. Whafs lha Answer? Can You Get 4 of the 7? Copr. 195S, Editorial Research Report 1. Estes Kefauver said in mid April he was ahead or behind Adlai E. Stevenson for the presi dential nomination, or even with him? 2. About one-fifth, one-third or two-thirds of all girls and boys 18 or 19 years old are In school? 3. U. S. Supreme Court jus tices must have been, like the President, born in the U. S.; right or wrong? 4. More Catholics. Jews or Protestants live in New York City? 5. In which of these Arab states is the British position strongest today: Egypt, Iraq, Jor dan, Saudi Arabia? 6. Passports for foreign travel are issued by the State, Justice or Commerce department, or the White House, or federal courts? 7. Charles E. Bohlen is our ambassador to Great Britain, Italy, the Soviet Union, Spain or France? The Answers. 1. Slightly be hind. Kefauver said; 2. About one-third; 3. Wrong; 4. More Catholics; 5. In oil-rich Iraq; 6. State Department; 7. To the Soviet Union. SORORITY ELECTS Roseburg U.R) More than 200 delegates to the state con vention of Epsilon Sigma Alpha, philanthropic and social sorority, closed out their meeting here yesterday by naming . Mrs. Wanda Marling of Bend as new state president. MAIL TRIBUWZ The Roseburg Vote The voters of the Roseburg school district did it again. T.acf wppV. for the second time this vpar. artrl for about the fifth or sixth time ,ii . it t i -1 tney voted down me scnuui uisuiti uuuget as proposeu by the school board and budget committee. We predict they will find, sooner or later, they have made a serious mistake one which will handi cap their children, hinder the proper administration of the schools, and impair the stability of the educa tional system. A S WE VIEW the situation, the negative vote was "motivatec. less by active antagonism to the schools and their policies as such, than by an unthinking re action to ever-mounting taxes. What is going to happen remains to be seen. There will undoubtedly have to be a drastic revision of the school program, and a resubmission of a reduced budget. If this can be done by cutting down on ''non essentials" (if any) and still maintaining decent basic standards of education, fine. THHERE is a danger, however. If the cuts are sharp enough to produce a budget which the aroused taxpayers will approve, they may well cut into the lean meat of the educational meal. If this happens, Roseburg schools would fall below the rather flexible state standards, and no longer be eligible for state assistance through the basic school support fund. This money is a major portion of each school district's in come. What happens now in Roseburg will have a tre mendously important effect everywhere else in the state. I70R IF, in Its "agonizing reappraisal" of its schools, and standards it expects them to main tain, Roseburg comes up with an answer as to how full, rounded and productive education can be ob tained at smaller cost, it will be a major victory. We fear, however, they will find that the vast numbers of new students, plus all the other increased costs of the past two decades, have simply made schools tremendously expensive at least compared to years past. And who will say that they aren't worth the cost? The children in our schools ARE our future. They must have the best we can give them. E.A. Health Menace There was an editorial in the Eugene Register Guard the other day which, if the names of commun ities and individuals had been changed a bit, might well have been written about Medford and its en-, virons. Under the title, "Doctor Cites Suburban Health Hazards," the Lane county newspaper discussed the growing menace to health posed by burgeoning sub urbs, and their attendant septic tank-cesspool-drainage problems. DECAUSE it comes so close to home, and is so mark-- edly similar to the warnings sounded repeatedly on this page in recent years, we thought our readers might like to read the following excerpts: Dr. Harold Osterud, Lane county health office, laid it on the line last week when he said that many lots in the " suburbs around the Eugene-Springfield area are not suitable for building. The reason, he said, is poor soil conditions for septic tank use. Some subdividers of land will object to the utterances of the health officer because they conceivably could slow development of the suburbs. We hope Dr. Osterud backs up his words with action in refusing building permits where poor soil conditions prevail. If the county board of commis sioners is interested in the general welfare of the people, it will back the health officer. . . . In the suburban areas around Eugene and Springfield ... no public sewer system exists. This necessitates the use of septic tanks for sewage disposal. Where improper soil conditions exist, proper absorption of septic tank effluent is impossible. Soil conditions are so different that in some cases, good or bad conditions may vary from home to home. If you live in the suburbs and your septic tank works prop erly, it is no guarantee that health hazards do not exist in your neighborhood. Disease, as everyone knows, does not respect property lines, any more than it does a city boundary- Dr. Osterud, correctly we believe, says the suburban areas should be provided with public water systems. The only practical way to accomplish this, he says, is through annexation. An example of what can happen due to poor soil condi tions for septic tanks is in the area of Springfield. . . . The east Springfield area has the highest incidence of Infectious hepatitis, a disease that attacks the liver. It pri marily occurs in areas where sanitation conditions are poor because of inadequate sewage disposal. . . . Lane county, of course, is not the only part of the state that has seen this disease increase. The incidence of cases has risen rapidly over the state since the big rush to the suburbs started. There were only 201 cases of infectious hepatitis reported to the state board of health in 1950. This had risen to 1,811 cases in 1954. ... When conditions are poor for septic tanks, the effluent t finds its way to the ground surface and is carried down the ' main drainage ways. A map of hepatitis cases in the Eugene Springfield area is disturbing, to say the least. As the suburbs continue to grow, the hazards of conta gious disease spreading because of poor sanitary facilities naturally will increase. The logical solution is annexation to the nearest city and installation of public sewer systems. Serious thinking people in the suburbs must come to realize that any increase in taxes can indeed be small com pared to hospital bills. "THERE'S not much that needs to be added. Jack- son county's problems may differ slightly but in the essentials they are almost identical to those re counted by the Guard. Hepatitis incidence In this county tells its own story. Health department figures show there were46 cases in 1950; 7 in 1951; 2 in 1952; but in 1953 the total rose to 48, and in 1954 to 74. Last year there were 35 cases. So far in 1956 there have been 5. We have long felt that annexation of the fringe areas is the best single solution for the problems of most of them, rather than forming more of the rather unwieldy and complicated special districts. E.A. Monday, April S3, I93B in the past several years, a:ai i Situation on Cyprus Getting Angrier Daily; Rebellion Open Bv CHARLES M. McCANN United Press Correspondent The situation in Cyprus is get ting angrier day by day. Field Marshal Sir John Hard ing British governor and com- 1 manaer in chief - ? ui me isiana. Sis is cracking uunn iiciiri on extremists. He has suc ceeded, by the means of a tight rnactal patrol, in cut- J ing down the i Charles McCann uyy ui arms to the extremists to a trickle. But the extremists, in open rebellion against British rule, continue their attacks. They are using home made bombs and, lacking sub-machine guns, are utilizing shotguns. For the moment, the extrem ists are concentrating largely on attacks against their fellow islanders, Cypriot Greeks whom they accuse of cooperating with the British authorities. They are shooting down men in their homes, in movie theaters, in churches. Some of these men undoubt edly are suspected by the ex tremists of being among the masked men, informers, who accompany troops and police in raids on rebel hideouts. But some of the attacks are indiscriminate.. At least two children, both Greek Cypriots, have been killed recently by crude bombs thrown at British military vehicles. In neither in stance were British personnel hit. Other children have been wounded and Cypriot men by standers have been killed or wounded. Turk Anger Increasing Harding is responding to each rebel attack by imposing strict curfews, lasting up to one week, on big cities, villages and en tire rural areas. The Turkish islanders, who number 100,000 of the 500,000 population are getting increas ingly angry over the turmoil. The threat of new riots between Greeks and Turks has arisen. Harding, fearing an outbreak, forbade the celebration the Turks have set for today, which is Turkish Republic day, 34th anniversary of the overthrow of the sultans. Oij the political side, the Turk- Matter of Fact by auoP CAN IKE BE BEATEN? Washington Since the Presi dent's .veto of the farm bill, and thp recent series of primaries, 1 some Demo crats are be ginning to say that Eisenhow er can be beat en, and even to sound as if hey meant it. Most Dem ocrats still pri vately believe that there is Stewart Alsop about as much chance of beat ing the President as there would be of defeating a suddenly res urrected George Washington. Yet the reasoning of the more optimistic minority is at least worth reproducing. It falls roughly into five parts. 1. The public opinion polls provide the only solid evidence that the President is invincible. But early in the 1948 campaign the polls also showed Thomas E. Dewey winning by a land slide margin. And this year, be fore the Minnesota primary, the polls showed Adlai Stevenson running as much as three to one ahead of Estes Kefauver. In short, the evidence provided by the polls or so the Demo cratic optimists claim is dem onstrably unreliable. 2. More reliable evidence is provided by the elections which have taken place since 1952. As one Democrat put it, "The Re publicans have lost more elec tions under Eisenhower in the last three years than under any Republican President in this century, and probably in his tory." THERE is some factual basis for this extreme statement. The Democrats scored a higher proportion of the popular vote in the 1954 Congressional elec tion than in any off-year elec tion since 1934. Wherever else you look the special elections (7 out of 8 Democratic wins), the gubernatorial elections (9 governorships won, none lost), the state legislatures (500 seats won five lost) the pattern of remarkable Democratic success holds. a. runner evidence is pro vided by the recent primaries The Democrats compare the party vote in 1952 and 1956 piimaries, and claim cause for jubilation. The 1952 Minnesota primary voting was about. two to one' Republican, and this pro portion was reversed in 1955 .The Republican vote in Wiscon sin dropped 20 "per cent. In Il linois, the Democrats went from a third of the" vote to almost half, and in New Jersey from 27 per cent to 43 per cent. 4. "All this talk about a third party revolt in the South is a lot of malarkey, plus Republi- Ur ) ft ish government is watching the situation closely and with in creasing annoyance. Greece is firmly supporting the rebel side and the demand of Greek Cypriots in general for "self - determination" which would mean union with Greece. Britain refuses to give up Cyprus. In that, Britain has the full support of Turkey. If Cy prus changes hands, Turkey wants it. A Turkish government bulle tin just issued points out that Cyprus is 43 miles from the Turkish mainland and 683 miles from the Greek mainland. Arabs Favor Rebels The bulletin points out that Turkey ruled the island from 1571 until 1878 when Britain took it over, and that Greece signed the 1923 Lausanne treaty under which Cyrpus was formal ly ceded to Britain. Greece nev er has ruled it. This bulletin asserts also that In The Day's News By FRANK JENKINS Except for the farm situation which produced the political monstrosity known as the farm bill I suppose there is no graver issue in the Eastern anrf South ern parts of our country today than racial segregation. It doesn't mean much to us out in the West, but east of the Mississippi river and south of the Mason and Dixon line it has ex plosive possibilities. It has ex plosive possibilities-because it is an EMOTIONAL issue. Economic issues can smoulder along, giving off smoke and a certain amount of heat but not reaching the crisis stage. But emotional issues are apt to ex plode. THIS bit of preaching is in spired by an incident on this train a few hours ago. A colored man and his wife were sitting back in the club car. They were well dressed tastefully, not flashily. Their faces gave evi dence of culture. They were surrounded by white people. No talk was going on. People were just looking out at the scenery. Then casually, naturally the colored woman turned to a white woman in the next seat and made some remark that opened a conversation. In ihe can wishful thinking." Again there is some factual basis for this statement. According to a memorandum circulated by the Democratic National Committee, not a single Democratic Senator, Governor, or other high party official in the South has public ly favored a third party. And a lot of Southerners, from Ala bama's Gov. Folsom to Georgia's revered Sen. George, have been busy pouring cold water on the third party idea. A S a recent statement by Sen. T-TnVprt Knmnbrpv KllJ?PPsts. the Democratic leadership hopes to avoid a convention split over the civil rights plank. The idea is to frame a plank which will make a formal bow towards the Supreme Court's desegregation decision, but will leave out all mention of federal enforcement. Tf this measure of appease- ment has the desired effect, the Democrats will have at least rational grounds for hoping that the Southern and normally Dem ocratic border states will return to their traditional allegiance. In that case, the Democratic candidate will inherit 170 elec toral votes, with only another 96 needed to win. Surely, the Democrats argue, with the farm ers in revolt special voting groups unhappy, it will not be impossible to pick up those 96 votes. 5. The Democrats have now plucked up their courage to at tack the President frontally. A hr dline in the current issue of the "Democratic Digest" sets the tone: "Ezra Takes the Blame . . But It's Ike's Farm Depression. The President will be attacked frontally for "broken promises" on farm and labor legislation, and obliquely as a "part time President" presiding over ' rich man's Administration." 'FHIS line of attack could be -- effective. However, though some Democratic claims are ex aggerated (for example, there is no contest for the Republican nomination, which largely ac counts for the drop in the Re publican primary vote) Demo cratic successes at the polls since 1952 have been undeniably im pressive. Even so, there is a certain whistling - in - the - d a r k sound when Democrats talk about beat ing Eisenhower in November If one imagines a post-election headline "Eisenhower Beaten By . . ." it is remarkably diffi cult to fill in the blank with the name of any visible Democratic candidate. Yet the facts listed above do suggest that the Republicans may be a mite too complacent about the election, as they were once before in recent memory CcDyrioht 1956, New York Herald Tribune Inc. from the racial viewpoint, the "Greek" islanders really "stem from the group of people scat tered through the eastern Medi terranean called Levantines." The political situation is more complicated because Egypt and Saudi Arabia openly favor the Cypriot rebels. Not because they care about Cyprus, but because the rebellion troubles Britain. The latest report is that planes from Egypt have tried to air drop arms to the rebels. Turkish - Egyptian relations are becoming unfriendly. No solution to the Cyprus is sue is in sight. Nor is there at present any basis for negotiation since the talks between Britain and Greek Orthodox Archbishop Makarios collapsed when at the point of seeming success. The situation at the moment Is one of extremist violence against British repression. Phy sically and politically things are getting worse steadily. course of the conversation it de veloped that she and her hus band were just back from Japan, where they had spent several years. She is a teacher, and has been teaching English in the GI schools. He is a Red Cross of ficial. They are on their way home for a vacation. I N THEIR years in Japan, they have been close to a fascinat ing situation a conquered coun try whose conquerors are en gaged in the fabulous task of making the conquered people over from enemies into friends. They spoke interestingly of this amazing enterprise. They told of the Japanese people's feeling .toward us. They told of the feeling of our people toward the Japanese. - They related illus trating incidents. They answered questions. They offered opinions that were obviously based upon experience and understanding In a few minutes the conversa tion was animated, interested and PERFECTLY NATURAL. Among those taking part In it, there was no consciousness of race or color or social differ ences. rpHIS, I think, is the moral: JL TTMF. has hppn nassintf in our country. It took time, for example, for these two colored people to acquire a degree of education and culture that matched the education and the culture of those with whom they were associating in that railroad club car. Their parents or their grandparents couldn't have man aged it, because not enough TIME would have elapsed. Time heals so MANY sore spots. T ET'S go back a few centuries into history. The Normans conquered Saxon England. The culture of the Normans was higher than the culture of- the Saxons. For a long, long- time the wall divid ing Norman from Saxon was high and impassable. But TIME tore down the wall. In England, there is no longer any Norman or any Saxon. There are only ENGLISH. .The same thing happened in France when Rome conquered Gaul There was a long time when there were Romans and Gauls. But time fixed that. Now there are only FRENCH. TF WE can have TIME enough A if the radicals and the rab ble rousers on both sides of this segregation business will only keep their shirts on and let na ture take its course we will arrive at a solution of this race problem that will be quite satis- facory to everybody. I think this little incident in the club car bears out that con clusion. Congressional Quiz (Copyright, 195 Congressional Quarterly) Q True or false: The Ameri can Farm Bureau Federation is the oldest farm organization in the U.S. A False. The National Grange is the oldest, founded in 1867. The Farm Bureau, founded in 1920, claims the largest member ship of the farm organizations, however, with 1,600,000 mem ber families. The Grange has 860,000 members. Q Six Vice Presidents of the United States have also been elected President. Can you name them? A John Adams, Thomas Jeff erson, Martin Van Buren, Theo dore Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge and Harry S. Truman. Q Secretary of Agriculture Ezra T. Benson announced on March 27 that the Commodity Credit corporation, which holds over 88,000,000,000 worth of surplus farm stocks, is out of a commodity it held in quantity last year. What is it? A Butter. Benson told the House Agriculture committee butter stocks were "virtually all committe." . But CCC still has plenty of cheese. Future International News Headlines Seen By Writers United Press correspond ents around the world look ahead at the news thai will make the headlines. Eden, Get Hot London expects Prime Minis ter Anthony Eden to get into the propaganda act his Russian guests "Mr. B. and Mr. K." are staging on their visit to Brit ain. The public reception of Pre mier Nikolai A. Bulganin and Communist Party Chief Nikita S. Khrushchev has been cool. But British newspapers are jammed with the fulsome out pourings of the Russians on co existence, peace and Anglo-American friendship. Pressure is mounting on Eden to get hot quickly - with some propaganda of his own. Mr. C. and Mr. M. Hong Kong hears that the Chi nese Reds, impressed by the hay Bulganin, Khrushchev and Geor gi M. Malenkov are making, plan some good will tours of their own soon. Premier Chou En-Lai would be Peiping's No. 1 happiness boy, but Chairman President Mao Tse-Tung may join in. British authorities shud der at the thought that they might ask to visit Singapore, or even Hong Kong itself. Bookier Beware Bigger raids are in the of fing for bookmakers and other gamblers in selected American cities. Last week's Internal Rev enue Service crackdown hit five cities. These raids netted only 18 men who either hadn't bought their $50 gambling stamps 6r had failed to pay their 10 per cent wagering tax. Sev eral more cities were on the raid list. But word leaked out and the gamblers took off like jet planes. Now there'll be a new list. May Day Melees Look for riots in some Far Eastern cities when leftists cele brate May Day on May 1. Four million labor unionists are to demonstrate in Japan. -500,- 000 of them in Tokyo alone. Tokyo police fear trouble. In Singapore, two rival union fac tions are to celebrate together for the first time. If the day Editorial Comment SAVAGE RAPIDS SCREENING Congressman Harris Ellsworth, Republican, 4th district, dean of Oregon's delegation in Washing ton, has renewed his fight to pre vent serious destruction of sal mon and steelhead in the Rogue river. He has asked the house appropriations committee to ear mark $208,000 to pay for revolv ing screens above the turbines which each year kill more than 125,000 steelhead and salmon at Savage Rapids dam. This is a peculiar problem. Savage Rapids dam was built in 1917 by an irrigation district before there were firm federal and state laws requiring fish passageways and protective de vices. It was rebuilt in 1950, with $700,000 appropriated by con gress to be expended through the Bureau of Reclamation, and to be repaid by the district. But since the project was not then, nor is it now, a federal project, no money ever has been ap proved by the budget bureau for fish facilities. And state laws do not permit such expenditures in state funds. What Representative Ells worth is asking the appropria tions committee to do is to take the long view, in recognition of public laws requiring conserva tion of fish and game, and to authorize the spending of $208, 000, without reimbursement, for a nationally famous recreation river, visited by thousands. The economic loss in salmon and steelhead is estimated conserva tively at $160,000 annually. But the benefits to fishermen would be far greater were the turbines to be screened and the run of fish allowed to rebuild. These benefits, represented by escape ment and annually increasing mi grations, would be cumulative. Portland Oregonian. Since 1908 PERL Mortuary o Phone FINER FUNERAL SERVICES passes without a free-for-all or anti-British riots, it wUl be a surprise. More Jeti Wanted Look for the Air Defense com mand to make a strong bid to get a lot of the new F104 jet fighters, fastest combat planes in the world. The planes are earmarked for the Tactical Air command, whose job is support of ground troops and ait com bat over battlegrounds. But the ADC feels the plane would be an odds-on bet to head off any enemy bombers that might come screaming across the polar ice cap. End Of The Road Insiders say Indonesia may cut its last ties with the Neth erlands this week by finally, ab rogating all Dutch-Indonesian union agreements. It would mean the end of all privileges Dutchmen and Dutch busin ess firms now enjoy. Communications - Letters to the Editor must bear the nama and address ot the writer although under certain circum stances the use ot a pen name or initial for publication is Dermis lible The Mail Tribune reserves the right to edit all letters with an eye to clarification and condensa tion Letters submitted for Dublica tion must not exceed 400 words Freeway and Rail Routes To the Editor: One of the most importan; considerations in con nection with the location of a freeway was not discussed in your editorial. This is the pos sible use of such freeways in case of emergency. National se curity is one of the major rea sons our government plans to spend some $50,000,000,000. If these freeways are to be con sidered as security highways, then the choice should be simple. Medford will always be the largest city between Eugene and Redding. Through travelers would not stop in the city no matter where the highway is located. And tourists do not mind the few extra minutes necessary to drive into the city. At the rate Medford is grow ing, in 20 years the city will have a population of 40,000 to 50,000. To destroy a fine resi dential section in order to have a new freeway routed through the city seems wasteful. The city will need far more land to house the increased population, and some of this valuable farmland will become attractive resident ial divisions. Present mercantile and other facilities will not be adequate. Merchants, business and professional men should give thought to how the down town area can be expanded. A major need is more parking. One route suggested in your editorial, but apparently not be ing considered, is to elevate it above the SP tracks. I have an alternative. The city should re quest the SP to adopt a, five year plan to remove all down town railroad buildings to a suit able location outside the con gested area. Then the railroad should construct a subway along its present right of way in the downtown city area, for allfu ture trains. The railroad could be granted authority, subject to a code approved by the city, to construct mercantile and other buildings, and parking for au tomobiles, on the surface of the right o' way. Remember we are only look ing 20 years into the future. And there will be many 20-year eras coming after. Remember, also, in our constantly growing city, these railroad trains running through the city will become a constantly increasing inconven ience. For the SP, revenues from surface improvements would in time pay for subway and surface construction. No greater contri bution could be made by an -impersonal railroad to the com munities which have done go much to help make it a billion dollar institution. John H. Holtz, ' Medford, Ore. 2 - 6675 in every price rang