Medford mail tribune., March 25, 1956, Image 5

WHAT is it? "Great Decisions" is a program of foreign affairs
information disseminated through press, radio, television and
brochures, designed to supplement discussion groups. It is informal
and is open to anyone or any group interested.
WHERE will it be held? "Great Decisions" tor 1956 is a county
" wide program. Last year it was conducted with great success
in Portland, Corvallis, Eugene, Springfield, and elsewhere, and is
being repeated there again this year with apparently even greater
success.
WHEN will it start? Sunday, March 25, is the starting time. One
week will be devoted to each of eight discussion topics, so the
program will conclude May 20. Those participating can start, or
stop, at any time.
W"HO is behind it? In Jackson county it is sponsored by a tempo-
rary committee organized only for this purpose. Don Hansen,
an attorney and member of the city council, is chairman. The For
eign Policy association is a co-sponsor in that it furnishes mate
rials and information on organization. The city schools and South
ern Oregon college are cooperating in the presentation of mate
rials, and the radio and television stations and the daily newspaper
are making time and space available for the materials. The pro
gram elsewhere has received high praise from virtually 'every re
sponsible individual and agency interested. President Eisenhower
lastvtar sent a telegram of congratulations to the Portland World
Airairs council, which sponsored the program there.
TTOW can one participate? In two ways. By reading the materials
" and listening to them in the mass media, and in the prepared
fact sheets (which will be available at $1 per set at the Chamber
of Commerce at 5 South Riverside ave., or, for $1.50 they will be
mailed or delivered telephone
mail orders.) For more complete
can be organized or joined (six to twelve persons are the recom
mended number) to cover the eight discussion points. Ballots are
provided for individuals or groups
each of the eight questions, and
"Great Decisions" committee in
Bldg., where they will be tabulated and sent on to Oregon mem
bers of Congress and the state department.
GREAT DECISIONS
Topic 1 :
How Can the U.S. Meet
Russia's New Challenge?
THE PROBLEM
There has been a startling new
turn in Russian tactics.
Is this really a danger to the
U.S.?
For the first time in cold war
history, Russia offers to help
non-communuist countries with
their economic problems. Russia
invites many non -communist
leaders to Moscow. Russian lead
ers show friendlier1 faces to the
rest of the world, and talk about
"negotiating" East-West differ
ences. ' Yet, in spifaf of the smiles,
Russia's leaders show no sign of
backing down on the important
issues the issues of war and
peace in the foreseeable future.
THE BACKGROUND
Newspaper headlines during
1955 spelled out the background
of the problem, set yae stage for
an -understanding of the issues
of the Cold War. Here are some
of those news stories of last
year:
January Soviet Premier
Georgi Malenkov announces he
would welcome diplomatic nego
tiation to settle disagreements in
the Far East. He says, however,
"the danger of war is growing."
February Marshal Nikolai
Bulganin is the new premier of
the USSR, succeeding civilian
Georgi Malenkov.
April Russia and Austria an
nounce agreement on a treaty to
end the occupation of Austria.
Austrian Chancellor Julius Raab
spends iour days in Moscow.
Austria is to remain "perman
ently neutral."
June Yugoslavia is "official
ly forgiven" by Russia's leaders,,
who make public apologies for
the seven-year breach between
the two communist nations.
July The "Conference at the
summit" is held in. Geneva for
"an exchange of views" between
the leaders of the East and West,
The second stage is to be a meet
ing of foreign ministers.
The conference ends in an air
of cordiality, although no con
crete agreements were reached.
The '"Big Four" apparently
agreed that nuclear war is to be
avoided.
September The USSR and
West Germany agree on estab
lishing diplomatic and cultural
relations. Chancellor Konrad
Adenauer, visiting in Moscow,
agrees to a two-point program in
exchange for a promise for the
return of German prisoners held
by Russia.
Russia announces the return
of the Finnish naval base at
Porkkala and the withdrawal of
Soviet forces which had occu
pied it since 1947. The Russians
say "other countries should fol
low this lead if they are intent
on easing international ten
sions." The Egyptian government an
nounces the purchase of sub
stantial armaments from Com
munist Czechoslovakia. Aspokes
man declares an important part
of it was the Czech agreement to
accept Egyptian cotton in pay-.
ment. Egypt had been unable to
find a market for its cotton in
the west.
October Prime Minister U Nu
of Burma expresses his appreci
ation to the USSR for economic
aid.
Soviet Foreign Minister Mol-
otov scores the rearming of West
German, and called for a united,
neutral Germany 9s a "peace
loving and democratic state not
participating in any military
blocs."
November The Big Four for
0 c s ons
2-5355 for delivery; 3-5331 for
participation, a discussion group
to express their opinions on
which can be forwarded to the
care of Don Hanson, Franklin
BROADCAST TIMES
Here are the times and sta
tions for the broadcast of
"Great Decisions" programs: ,
KBES-TV Tuesdays. 2:30
to 2:45 p.m.
KYJC Saturdays, 6 to
6:30 p.m.
KMED Sundays, 9 to 9:30
p.m.
KW1N (Ashland) Mondays,
8 to 8:30 p.m.
eign ministers end their confer
ence without reaching an agree
ment on any of the three items
set for discussion.
Bulganin promises India the
benefit of Russia's experience in
industry and the development
of atomic energy. He calls India
and the USSR "allies" in the
"struggle for peace throughout
the whole world."
December Khrushchev, in
Burma, calls arming of West
Germany aggression against Rus
sia. He compares the situation in
Europe with that just before the
outbreak of World War II, and
says, "Are not today the same
countries using the same methods
trying to push Western Germany
to start on the path of war and
new adventures?"
India and her high-ranking
Russian guests jointly call for
the admission of Red China to
the UN, settlement of Red
China's "legitimate" claims to
Formosa and the coastal islands,
settlements in. Korea and Indo
china, and disarmament and pro
hibition of use of of atomic weap
ons.
The U. S. and Britain, in reac
tion to an offer of Russian aid to
Egypt, assured Egypt they will
help finance the $1,300,000,000
high dam at Aswan on the Nile,
Russia had offered a 50-year
loan at low interest.
Afghanistan and Russia agree
on a $100,000,000 Russian loan
to develop Afghanistan.
January, 1956 Czechoslo
vakia offers large-scale economic
and technical aid to Pakistan
a western ally.
Eight communist bloc nations
meet to discuss the Warsaw pact.
the communist counterpart to
NATO. It provides for a unified
military command and joint ac
tion in case of Western aggres
sion.
WHAT'S RUSSIA UP TO?
Does Communist Russia really
want to compromise? Do all the
signs of sweetness and light
really mean anything? And
we do compromise, how far shall
we be willing to go in bargain
ing?
Is Russia really wooing neu
tral countries? How about the
"good will" tours, the offers of
aid, the sale of arms? Why have
so many neutral leaders been in
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vited to Russia? Why are they
important to Russia? Are they
important to the U. S. too?
Is Russia competing with the
U. S.? How about her oi'ers to
help non-communist nations?
Why is she doing it? Can she
deliver? Why are so many na
tions interested in Russian aid?
Are they sympathetic to com
munism? Are they hostile to
the U. S.? Is there a difference
between aid offers of Russia and
the U. S.? If so, what is it?
What does Russia want from
negotiation? Has she abandoned
military aggression? Has Russia
ever been really willing to com
promise? Should the U. S. be
willing to negotiate? And how
far should we' be willing to go?
What do you think are Russia's
specific goals? In India and Asia?
In the Middle East? In Germany
and Western Europe? About
Western military alliances? In
negotiations? War? Peace? On
what terms?
U. S. TOOLS AND WEAPONS
Just what is the U. S. foreign
policy? Is it strengthening the
world against communism? Is it
winning friends? How important
are our military alliances? Is our
foreign aid too costly for the re
turns? President Eisenhower has
called for continuation of U. S.
military and economic aid pro
grams abroad. He has asked that
the government be allowed to
plan foreign aid several years
ahead.
In the Rio pact the U.S. joins
with Latin America in a defense
pact. Twelve nations received 1
per cent of all U. S. military aid
in 1955.
In NATO, U.S. and Canada
are joined with Western Europe,
Greece and Turkey in a defense
alliance with a unified command.
NATO got 70 per cent of U.S.
military aid last year.
SEATO includes Western and
Asian nations, and received more
than a $1 billion from the U.S.
in 1955., The U.S. also has pacts
with Japan, Formosa, and Korea.
During 1955-56, the U.S. is
spending more than $2 billion to
strengthen and equip military
allies, about 50 nations in all. .
During the same period, the
U. S. is spending about $1 bil
lion for technical assistance and
economic aid. Two-thirds of it is
going to our allies. The rest goes
to other underdeveloped coun
tries and to refugees. A bit less
than $100 million is channeled
through the U.N.
WHAT DO OTHERS THINK?
Egypt and India have con
demned our "military alliances
and power entanglements which
increase tension and rivalry in
armaments." Nehru has labeled
SEATO as a "military approach
to security" which actually re
duces .security.
Iran has praised U. S. aid to
that nation. It has provided "a
fruitful way of reaching eco
nomic and political independence
and combating colonialism un
der all its forms."
Brig. Gen. Carlos P. Romulo,
a long-time friend oi the U. .,
praises this nation for "fully and
honorably carrying out m 1947
its promise of Philippine inde
pendence. But he criticized the
U.S. for inconsistency and lack
of vigor "in furthering the inde
pendence of other peoples."
The Prime Minister of Ceylon
has attacked "Soviet colonial
ism!" "Colonialism takes many
forms," he said at his famous
Bandung speech. The most obvi
ous form is Western, but he
added, is it "not our duty openly
to declare our opposition to Sovi
et colonialism as much as to
Western Imperialism?"
A Japanese government com
mittee has concluded that the U.
S. is "losing the cold war." It
said Kussia is offering easier
terms and takes payment in crit
ical surpluses like rice and cot
ton. Further, the Russians do not
dictate how aid money should be
spent and do not demand mili
tary alliances as the price of aid,
WHAT ARE OUR CHOICES?
Where are we strong? Where
are we weak? What are our al
ternatives?
Shall we rely on military aid
and alliances?
If Russia's new threat is not
military, should we put more
or less trust in our military
pacts? Or have the communists
really abandoned military ag
gression? Will military alliances
keep communism from expand
ing? Can the West have an ef
fective defense as long as key
nations are neutral? Do military
pacts keep Russia from compet
ing with us economically?
How about backward nations?
Is a rising standard of livinj
throughout the world good, or
bad, for the U.S. and our pros
perity? And our security? Are
undeveloped nations apt to fall
into communist hands? Would it
be a loss if they did? Should the
U. S. insist on military commit-
Matter of Fact by nrt Xbop
AFTER MINNESOTA
Washington The voters of
Minnesota have briskly shaken
up the whole political scene in
the same way
t h a t a child
shakes a toy
kaleidoscope.
All the pieces
of .the political
picture have
changed posi
tion, and it
never look the
same again. As
Stewart Alsop far as Adlai
Stevenson is concerned, the big
question is, of course, whether
the grievous wound he has sus
tained is mortal. His supporters
claim that he can rise, like Sir
Andre-v Barton, and fight again.
Most observers on the sidelines,
including Democrats friendly to
him, suspect that he is finished.
Stevenson's own mood may
turn out to be a factor in the
equation. Friends who sat with
him Tuesday night, as the dis
astrous news of Estes Kefauver's
victory came in, say that he be
came increasingly angry and
embattled as the evening wore
on. H:s parting words were:
"Damn it, bring on the next one,
and we'll show them."
fPHE next one, of course, is the
-- Florida primary and the one
after that California. If Steven
son s embattled mood is sus
tained, he just might "show
them" in -both, which of course
he must do to remain in the run
ning. Stevenson's greatest weak
ness so far is that despite the
admirable style and content of
many of his speeches, he has
been unable to convey 'to the
voters any sense of real emotion
about the issues. It has been as
though he were hardly person
ally involved in the campaign
at all.
"The crowds listened to him
politely, as though he were a
professor," one who watched the
Minnesota contest has said.
"Kefauver spoke simply, even
rather boringly, and then an
swered questions, and went out
and shook hands. Stevenson
hardly ever did. Stevenson
would say that he was for 0
per cent of parity, but that it
wasn't the answer to the farm
problem, while Kefauver would
say he was for 100 per cent and
it was the answer."
CTEVENSON will be the under-
dog in Florida and California,
an advantage Kefauver has hith
erto enjoyed. If Stevenson now
shows the fire and fight he has
so far lacked, he might pull it
off. But, as one Stevenson
admirer remarked mournfully,
"Where are we going to get
people to work for us now, at
ments from those we help? And
what about neutral nations that
have been offered Russian help?
Should we use force to prevent
it? Should we try to better Rus
sia's offers? Should we try to
cooperate with Russia on eco
nomic aid?
How about world opinion?
How important to the U. S. is
a friendly world opinion? Does
the opinion of neutrals matter
to us? Why do some feel we are
"warmongers?" Can we do any
thing to counteract these atti
tudes? Why do some countries
feel Russia is not a real 'threat
to them?
YOUR OPINION COUNTS
The "Great Decisions" pro
gram is designed to form the
basis for discussion groups on
foreign affairs.
But, more important, it offers
a way in which the opinion of
the individual can be heard and
noted. Your opinion, in a demo
cratic nation, counts.
The Great Decisions commit
tee will receive letters (or the
ballots included in the fact
sheets) to be tabulated. The re
sults will be forwarded' to the
U. S. Department of State and
to our representatives in the U.
S. Congress.
The material presented above
is a digest and condensation of
the fact sheets prepared for use
in the Great Decisions program,
UNDERWOOD
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the, precinct level? And where
are we going to get the dough?"
Since Minnesota, getting the
dough, which has previously
been one of his great worries,
should be asy for Kefauver. For
Kefauver must of course now
be considered a most serious
contender. His special campaign
formula the little-man-against-the-bosses,
plus a something-for-
everybody-policy line has been
proved to the hilt, and no one
is likely to make the mistake
of again underestimating his po
litical courage and shrewdness.
VET the Kefauver formula has
its drawbacks. Wherever he
goes, he is a threat to the estab
lished order of things. His
Minnesota triumph was, of
course, a kick in the face for
the entire Minnesota Democratic
leadership, and, as one Demo
crat remarked, "Leaders in
every state are saying to them
selves, 'There but for the grace
of God go I.' " With the North
ern professionals and Southern
grandees- united against him, . it
is still difficult to see how
Kefauver can get a majority of
the delegate votes.
That is one reason why the
switchboards at New York's
Tammany Hall and. the Govt
ernor's mansion in Albany have
been humming ever since Tues
day night, with calls from shak
en Stevenson supporters. The
current word is that Gov. Aver
ell Harriman can be expected
to change from "inactive" status
as a candidate, to "fairly active,"
but that he will not enter any
primaries. Any delegate-hunting
will be left up to shrewd Tarn-,
many leader Carmine De Sapio,
who will do what needs to be
done quietly, hardly stirring
from New York.
TN THE view of some experi
- enced observers, Harriman is,
indeed, now the man to beat.
The chances of such dark horses
as Sen. Lyndon Johnson and Stu
art Symington have also been
commensurately increased, of
course at least one knowledge
able Harriman man thinks that
Symington, rather than Kefau
ver or the faltering Stevenson,
presents the real danger to the
Harriman candidacy.
But aside from individual for
tunes, the whole shape and tex
ture of the political scene have
also been drastically altered by
Minnesota. The heavy farm vote
for Kefauver was certainly in
part a protest vote, and thus a
dire warning to the Administra
tion and the Republicans.
AS FOR the Democrats, they
will almost unanimously
conclude that Stevenson - style
"moderation" is not a paying
proposition. Kefauver went all
out, not only on the farm issue,
but on civil rights, repeal of
Taft-Hartley, aid to Israel, and
just about every "gut issue"
there is.
Kefauver's Minnesota victory
thus looks like the portent of
a rough, name - calling, vote-
catching campaign, very differ
ent from the lofty "democratic
dialogue" which Adlai Steven;
son once envisioned. .
Copyright 1956, '
New York Herald Tribune Inc.
Earth Slide Sets
Road Repair Behind
A new earth slide that occurred
about three days ago as crews
were completing repair work on
the road just - north of Copper
has set the repair project about
a week behind schedule, Paul
B. -Rynning, county engineer,
reported Saturday.
Rynning 'said the slide in
volved 5,000 cubic yards of earth
and rocks. A similar slide oc
curred in the same place about
three weeks ago. The road sec
tion was washed out by the Ap
plegate river flood.
Meanwhile, repairs have been
completed on the road leading
to Gold Ray dam. This road was
also damaged by the winter
floods.
WEEK ONLY!
Sunday, March 25, 1958
In The Day's
By FRANK JENKINS
A big wind blew through
Minnesota Tuesday. When it
subsided, Estes Kefauver was
no longer just an annoying
cocklebur in the tail of the
Democratic party professionals.
Between sunup and sundown
on Tuesday, his status as a can
didate for the Democratic nom
ination for President changed
from a mere possibility to a
STRONG PROBABILITY.
WHAT happened?
PLENTY!
As this is written, Kefauver
has 24 of Minnesota's delegates
to the Democratic convention
nailed down. He is leading in
three of the remaining six dele
gate contests.
He has at present 56 per cent
of the total voje and Stevenson
has 44 per cent. The popular
vote so far is Kefauver 205,665
and Stevenson 159,378.
Add what happened in Minne
sota yesterday to what happened
in New Hampshire the other day
and you have the makings, of a
drive for the Democratic nom
ination for President that can't
be laughed off.
IZEFAUVER'S Minnesota vie
tory is all the more striking
because Stevenson ran with the
endorsement and the positive
and vigorous assistance of the
state Democratic organization.
He was actively supported by
the state's Democratic Gov. Or-
ville Freeman and by Demo
cratic Sen. Hubert Humphrey.
Humphrey is not only a big
duck in the Minnesota pond. He
is one of the prominent leaders
in the dominant wing of the
Democratic party in the nation.
rpHAT might be a straw in the
political winds that will be
worth watching.
President Eisenhower is con
cededly stronger than the pro
fessional leadership of the Re
publican party. After Minnesota
and New Hampshire, it must
be generally admitted that Ke
fauver is stronger among the
people than the Democratic
party's professional leadership.
Maybe the people are RE-i
BELLING against professional
party leadership. ,
STEVENSON supporters are
contending this morning that
the upset victory for Kefauver
Grange
Phoenix Grange
Phoenix Grange will meet
Tuesday, March 27. The program
at 8 p.m. will be a wild-life film
in colors from Conger-Morris.
This will be open to the public
and visitors will be welcome.
Grange meeting will follow
the program.
See TOMORROW TODAY at
General Motors
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News
came because Republicans cross
ed into the Democratic column
TO VOTE FOR THE DEMO
CRATIC CANDIDATE WHO
WOULD BE THE EASIEST TO
BEAT. (Cross-over voting is pos
sible in Minnesota.)
I can't help doubting that. If
you get the opportunity this
spring or summer, watch Kefau
ver in action in a crowd. If pos
sible, get into the line and shake
hands with him. After the hand
shake, analyze your own reac
tions. T THINK you'll come out of the
experience liking the man and
thinking he has a real interest
in YOU. He has the quality of
personal charm that in these
days goes very far indeed in
politics.
Stevenson, on the other hand,
appeals more to the intellect
than to the heart. You admire
and respect him, but you don't
go out and throw up your hat
and yell yourself hoarse for him.
Personally, I think Kefauver
would be a harder man for the
Republicans to beat than Ste
venson. I can't take much stock in
the theory that . his victory in
Minnesota was engineered by
Republicans who came over on
the Democratic side to vote for
him as the weakest candidate.
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Now thru March 27 2
MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE FIVE
Public Health Service
Schedules TV Program
Jackson County Public Health
association will sponsor a half
hour television show at 5:15 p.m.
today over station KBES-TV.
The subject will be southern
Oregon child guidence clinic.
Participating will be Dr. John
McAulay, director of education,
at Southern Oregon college, and
president of the child ' guidance
clinic association; Dr. Loren Mes
senger, psychologist, at the col
lege; Dr. Malcolm Byers, Med
ford physician and surgeon;
Mrs. Stanley Zapell and her
daughter, Kathy, from Medford
Footlighters; Miss Mary Vanden
berg, psychiatric social worker
from clinic staff and Mrs. Ivan
Burton who will be the mod
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