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Rtd3 The Mail Tribune
Published Dailv Except Saturday by
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ROBHtT W RUHL. Editor
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E C .FERGUSON Managing Editor
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HARRY CHIPMAN. Telegraph Editor
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37
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NEWSPAPER
PUBUIHER
ASSOCIATION
Flight o' Time
Mediord and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mail Tribune 10. 20. 30 and
40 years ago.
40 TEARS AGO
August 24, 1945
(It was Friday)
All restrictions on commercial
(Bnd domestic gas use lifted.
From Arthur Perry's Ye
Smudge Pot column: An admiral
stags' "America has more to fear
from its own demagogues than
Russia. Most anybody can recall
when half this neck of the
woods was in deathly terror of
the "international bankers"
Mhil hems "chased by Wall
Street
20 YEARS AGO
August 24, 1935
q (It was Saturday)
Neutrality bill passes
gres. War talk flayed.
con-
(JJedford second in state for
(four: number of fires.
30 YEARS AGO
(August 24, 1925
(It was Monday)
elen Wills wins national
women's tennis title for third
(year.
40 YElRS AGO
Augu 24, 1915
(It was Tuesday)
Eastman Kodak company de
clared illegal monopoly.
Hail, wind, rain, and light
ning damage crops near Davis
station.
What's the Answer?
Can You Get 4 of the 7?
Copr. 1955, Editorial Research Report
1. To be elected U. S. Presi
dent a candidate needs more than
half the electoral votes or only
more than anyone else gets?
2. More passengers are carried
more miles by the American, Un
ited Air Lines, Capital, Eastern,
or Trans World air lines?
3. West Virginia was once part
of Virginia; right or wrong?
4. An amanuensis is a purplish
pink flower, colored nurse, sec
retary, or corner of the church
for the devout?
5. Chosen is the native name
for which country in the Far
East?
6. The old Pierce Arrow was
made in Detroit, South Bend,
Buffalo, Syracuse, Flint or Lan
sing? 7. Asgeir Asgeirsson is pres
ident of which country?
The answers: I. More than
half. 2. American (1954 figures).
3. Right. 4. Secretary. 5. Korea.
6. Buffalo. 7. Iceland.
u
Patterson, Thornton
Invited To Testify
Portland OJ.P.) Gov. Paul
Patterson and Attorney General
Robert Thornton have been in
vited to testify before a Multno
" man county grand jury investi
gating the Oregon Liquor Con
trol .Commission according to
District Attorney William Lang
ley. Langley said yesterday that
Robert Maguire, Portland at
torney, would also appear. Ma
guire made the orginial private
investigation into the OLCC for
Gov. Patterson.
That investigation has been
the subject of charges and coun
ter charges including one by
Thornton that all the findings
(Sirere not made public. He said
(-he thought there was evidence
of bribery in the report
MAIL TRIBUNE
The Fight
On one and the same
urged that water resource problems be attacked
"intelligently on a broad
Commission made public
for private instead of Federal development of one of
the greatest power sites m the nation.
The commission ruled that the Idaho Power Com
pany be allowed to build
Paver for exploitation of
this tributary of the Columbia. It thus rejected the
proposal for one high Federal multipurpose dam that
would insure the production of more power and would
be, in the words of the commission's own examiner,
"the more nearly ideal development of the Middle
oneiric.
"II7E FIND it difficult to reconcile the President's
" words regarding the handling of this sort of
project "intelligently on a broad base" with his Ad
ministration's approval of a method of developing
this publicly owned natural resource in a way that
might actually prevent realization of its full potential.
The proposed piecemeal development of the river
under private auspices might permanently prevent the
full and integrated utilization of its resources for max
imum public benefit. Not only the Northwest, but the
entire nation, could be the loser.
The decision of the F.P.C. stands unless the com
mission should reverse itself, or unless it should be
overturned by court or Congressional action. The bat
tle over Hells Canyon has entered a new phase with
the F.P.C. decision in favor of private development;
but the fight for it as a public power project is not
over.
AXfE WOULD like to take credit for the above but
' " can't. It is from what many newspaper men re-
gard as the greatest newspaper in the world the
New York Times, an independent paper sincerely
devoted to promoting the general welfare of the
country, and all the people in it. R.W.R.
The Auto Situation
More than 600,000 autos are to be produced during
August, even though all 1955 Chrysler Corporation
models will have gone out of production before the
end of the month. The 1956 Fords and possibly the
1956 Chevrolets are to be introduced in late October,
the rest of the General Motors line during November.
By that time the dealers will have to get rid, how
ever they can, of their 1955 models on hand. And they
have plenty. Here are some
tories of new cars :
. Aug. 1, 1955....836,000
July 1, ...814,000 -May 1, 1954....607,000
Junel, 848,000
A subcommittee of Congress on July 31 reported
itself "greatly concerned" over the high number of
unsold autos. But the industry replied that the num
ber must be considered in proportion to sales, and
that dealer inventories were not unduly high in view
of the all-time record of cars sold so far in 1955.
New car purchasers can get increasingly high dis
counts or allowances for trade-ins in the next several
months. But before purchasers under such circum
stances conclude that they are getting great bargains,
they must remember that all 1955 models will decline
sharply in book vaiue as the 1956 models appear.
Dealers have enough new cars on hand, says the
Automotive Daily News, to meet demand for six or
sevenwreeks at current rates of sale. The . length of
time between the last shipments of 1955's and the first
shipments of 1956's is expected to be about five
weeks on the average, but may run as high as 10
weeks in certain lines. E.R.R.
Roll, Jordan, Roll
Before the end of the month Eric A. Johnston is
to make his fourth trip to the Middle East to work
out a -Jordan Valley development plan acceptable
to the four states directly involved Israel, Jordan,
Syria, Lebanon. The president of the Motion Picture
Association of America was assigned the task by
President Eisenhower almost two years ago.
A plan had been worked out in 1953 by the U.S.
in conjunction with the U.N. to develop the Valley's
water and hydroelectric resources. It contemplated
the irrigation of about 225,000 acres of land and the
production of almost V2 million kilowatt-hours of
electricity annually.
Because the Jordan supplies only a relatively
scanty flow of water, withdrawals allocated to the
four countries w7ould have to be supervised by some
kind of neutral authority. Mr. Johnston in his third
negotiation early this year was believed to have
achieved agreement on most of this central problem.
If and when the plan goes through, the newly
irrigated land would accommodate perhaps one
fourth of the displaced Arab refugees in the Middle
East. And if three Arab states can cooperate with
Israel in this economic project, the path should be a
little clearer for better Arab-Israel political relations
all along the line. E.R.R.
Ashland Man Obtains
Ashland Widener W. Hend
rixson, 350 Morton st., Ashland,
has received a patent on an in
vention which eliminates hand
trimming around flowerbeds
and hedges.
Hendrixson developed the
trimmer while in general con
tracting business in Philadelphia
more than a year ago, and re
ceived the United Stale patent
July 26, 1955. i
Wednesday, August 24. 1955
Isn't Over
day President Eisenhower
base" and the Federal Power
its decision to grant a license
three low dams on the Snake
the vast power potential of
figures on dealer inven
May 1, 1955..758,000
Patent for Trimmer
The edging device is an at
tachment to a lawn mower, and
enables neat cutting of grass
along garden edges as well at
trimming.
Hendrixson said four com
panies Aluminum company of
America. Kaiser Aluminum,
United States Steel Products
company,, and plastics division
of DuPont company have ex
pressed interest in the device.
Today and
By. Walter
PRISONERS ON THE RACK
Reading the reports published
last week by the Pentagon's Ad
visory committee on Prisoners
of War, I found
myself feeling
u n comfortable
and diss atis
fied. This was
not because of
what the re
port recom
mends, which
as far as it
goes seems to
Walter Lippmann me sound
enough, but because of what it
does not deal with at all. It
deals only with what the United
States government expects of
men captured by an enemy who
does not observe the Geneva
conventions. It contains a code
of conduct for men who may be
faced with an ordeal like that
of the prisoners in the Korean
war. It does not deal with the
other face of the question, which
is what the United States gov
ernment should be doing now,
while there is no war, to obtain
a code of conduct for govern-1
ments that may be observed.
The Advisory committee, to
be sure, was set up in the De
fense department. Presumably,
it felt that it was bound to deal
with the behavior of military
men, and not to go beyond that
into matters which are in the
province of the State depart
ment. But the effect of the re
port will be fundamentally mis
leading if the country comes to
believe that the code of conduct
promulgated by the President is
a solution of the problem.
fPHE committee concluded that
the individual prisoner must
resist torture and bribery, and
that if he breaks, he is to be
liable, when he returns home, to
punishment under the military
code. jo one can be very happy
about this ruling that the pris
oner shall be judged for his con
duct under duress, and that this
judgment shall be rendered long
after the events, that it shall be
rendered by tribunals which can
not have before them for exami
nation the enemy's interrogators,
and by tribunals which must
judge without objective criteria
of judgment.
Yet the committee had no
choice, and was bound to pro
claim the code which it did pro
claim. The essence of its deci
sion was that the United States
government, not the prisoner
himself, must be the final judge
of any departure from the strict
rule that he must not inform and
that he must not collaborate
with the enemy.
To have admitted that the
prisoner himself could be the
judge of his own departure from
the rule would have been to put
a premium, not only on collabo
rating with the enemy, but also
surrendering to the enemy. Jt
would have opened up an easy
way out of a war and out of the
bad treatment that is the general
lot of a prisoner of war.
The military men who made
the report acted on the old prin
ciple that in war it must be made
more unpleasant to run away
than to go forward. They have
laid down a rule which makes
it very unpleasant indeed for a
prisoner to give in. If his break
down becomes known he suffers
not only all the loneliness,
home sickness, and misery of his
captivity, but in addition an
anxiety about what is to happen
to him when he is . released. In
making the prisoner liable to
punishment, including degrada
tion, when he returns, the com
mittee went as far as it was pos
sible to go in providing . what
might be described as a counter
irritant for brain-washing.
And yet, it is a question wheth
er in the worst cases of collabo
ration and betrayal that would
work as the committee intend
ed. The prisoner, who is help
less, faces his captors who offer
him the choice of torture or col
laboration. Behind him is the
United States government say
ing mat li ne chooses collabora
tion, he faces punishment at
home which may ruin him for
life. In this frightening quan
dary is there not a premium on
collaborating and then refusing
to return home? I would suppose
that this is a consideration that
needs to be very much in the
minds of the men who are going
to plan and to administer the
"indoctrination" of the young,
bewildered, uneducated recruits.
ALL these uncertainties arise
lem is insoluble of how the in
dividual soldier, who is not a
saint and a martyr, is to resist
a lawless government. All the
committee was able to say to
the soldier was: Insist on the
Geneva conventions although
your captors reject them, and
when you come home a military
board will decide whether it
thinks you insisted hard enough.
As the committee did not say,
because no one can say, how
hard shall be regarded as hard
enough, they had no real solu
tion to the problem.
Let us ask whether the reason
why their problem was Insoluble
was because it was incorrectly
posed. I think ' it was, in the
Tomorrow
Lippmann
sense that they treated it as a
problem of the individual prison
er rather than of the govern
ments. Under the Hague regulations
of 1907 and the Geneva conven
tions of 1929 and 1949 a prison
er had rights which his captors
were obligated to respect. Among
them is the prisoner's right not
to be asked to tell more than
his name, rank, date of birth,
and serial number. These con
ventions are a code for the con
duct of governments. They do
not suppose that the prisoner
will be able to compel his cap
tors to observe the code. They
do suppose that he will be able
to complain to a neutral power
which will then induce the cap
tor to behave himself under
penalty of losing face in the civ
ilized world.
Underlying all this there was
the fundamental assumption to
which for some centuries all the
governments subscribed name
ly that though they were at war,
they never ceased to belong to
the same civilized community
and that when the war was over
they would again be living and
working together. Even in war
they were not irreconcilably op
posed, nor were they separated
from mankind by an iron cur
tain. During the best periods of
the modern age the doctrine of
total war, with unconditional
surrender as its objective and
revolution as its consequence,
was out of fashion. The Hague
and the Geneva conventions re
flects the time that of the cen
tury before the world wars
when war was fought for limit
ed ends because all the belliger
ents belonged to the same com
munity.
rpHE solution of the problem of
A the prisoners of war depends
upon how far it is possible to go
in restoring a common commu
nity of mankind. What happened
in Korea could not have hap
pened as a general practice had
the Korean and Chinese Commu
nists regarded themselves as be
longing to the international so
ciety and obligated therefore to
let neutrals be present to ob
serve the treatment of the pris
oners.
For this reason we should
prepare the ground for a reex
amination in the new climate
of Geneva of the whole prob
lem. There is no real contradic
tion in discussing the rules of
warfare, as we are discussing
the regulation of armaments,
while we are engaged in nego
tiating to prevent war. Wisely
directed, such an international
study would be another demon
stration against the irreconcila
ble division of mankind.,
Copyright, 1955;
New York Herald Tribune Ir -
Shipyard Recruiter
Slates Local Visit
Al McFall, recruiting repre-
sentative of the Bremerton ship
yard, will be at the Oregon State
Employment Service office, 119
North Oakdale st., on Friday,
Aug. 26, to interview applicants
for conversion work on the USS
Midway carrier, it has been an
nounced here.
The conversion job, costing
$40,000,000, will be done at the
Puget Sound Naval Shipyard at
Bremerton. Wash. Needed will
be naval architects, professional
engineers in the mechanical and
electrical field and shock ma
chinists and machinists with ma
rine experience. Engineers' sal
aries will be on an in-hiring
schedule of $4,345, $4,930 and
$5,440 per year. Starting salary
for machinists is $2.10 per hour.
Interviews will be held from 9
a.m. until 5 p.m.
Work which will be done on
the USS Midway and on Essex
class carriers now berthed at the
naval shipyard includes new
angle flight decks, steam cata
pults, deck edge elevators and
other innovations to facilitate
handling of jet propelled air
craft.
Multnomah Appeals
For Flood Relief Aid
Portland (U.R) The Port-land-Multnomah
county Red
Cross chapter and the United
Fund today appealed to local in
dividuals and businesses to con
tribute a minimum of $20,000
to help alleviate suffering and
damage in six northeastern states
ravaged by floods.
President Eisenhower and the
American Red Cross have ap
pealed to the nation for a fund
which may reach $5,000,000.
It is estimated that 250 per
sons have lost their lives, 100,
000 have been left homeless and
damage may reach $3,000,000,
000 in the flooded areas.
Portland Red Cross and UF
representatives emphasized that
the emergency appeal has no
connection with the forthcoming
United Fund-Red Cross cam
paign for health and welfare
agencies.
Dead line Sunday Classified is at
noon Saturday. 10 am Monday for
Monday; other days 5:30 previous day.
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
What - thinkers - are - think
ing - about:
U. S. Secretary of the army:
"Despite increased hopes for
peace, the military might of the
United States must be kept
strong and alert . . . It would
be foolhardy to forget the his
tory of Communist violence,
duplicity, subversion and armed
aggression."
COMMENT first from Shake
speare (Hamlet, Act. 1):
"O villain, villain, smiling,
damned villain!'
"My tables meet it is I set it
down,
"That one may smile and
smile and BE a villain."
COMMENT No. 2 from Crom
well: "Put your trust in God, my
boys, and KEEP YOUR POWD
ER DRY."
"II TORE on ; what thinkers
are
thinking:
American Bar Association
President Lloyd Wright: "I am
fearful of the drift down the
path of paternalism by Ameri-
pans lnnlcinff mnrp anrl mnrp tn
SECURITY. Individual liberty
and initiative have been threat
ened by emphasis on government
benefits."
WHAT he means, although he
doesn't put it into those ex
act words, is history's lesson that
the only GUARANTEED secur
ity is that of the slave.
FOR weeks, we've been im
mensely interested in the re
actions of the Russian farmers
who are visiting our country.
It's just as well to remember
that we have other farm visitors
from abroad. One of them is a
young Englishman, a farmer
from Park Wrotham, in the Eng
lish county of Kent. He is mak
ing a four-month inspection of
our Western farms as a repre
sentative of the National Feder
ation of Young Farmers Clubs of
Great Britain.
Interview at Hollister (in Cali
fornia), he says:
"The American way of trying
to find the easiest way to do the
job interests me immensely. In
your commercial potato fields
for instance,- the pickers sling
their empty sacks on their backs
or hang them on hooks on a belt
and put the potatoes directly into
sacks.
"In England, we'd put the po
tatoes ip a basket, - and then
TRANSFER THEM TO THE
BAG. That wastes time."
He adds:
"English farmers could make
better use of mechanization. The
use your American farmers
make of machines is nothing
short of amazing."
TIE'S vastly impressed by
AA American agricultural tech
niques, but he doesn't think too
much of our POLITICAL farm
ing methods. He says:
"England controls markets to
protect its farmers against cheap-
er Danish and New Zealand but
ter, or eggs from Poland. But
you are supportmg prices and
GETTING SURPLUSES; then
supporting prices BECAUSE of
the surpluses.
"It just doesn't make sense."
HE OFFERS us some pointers.
For example:
"American farmers could
make wider use of single-wire
electric fences, used extensively
in England to move stock over
pastures while giving grazing
areas a rest."
TIE MAKES another interesting
observation.
"American farmers are less
tidy about keeping up their
places than. English farmers.
am amazed by the contrast be
tween your farmers' new cars
and some of their farm build
ings."
ANYONE who thinks English
farmers are backwoodsy
should take a trip through Eng
land's rich farm districts, such
as the Midlands. In general, Eng
lish farmers are up-and-coming,
even by American standards. In
their grass-farming methods,
they are far ahead of us.
As for the tidiness and the
beauty of their farmsteads well,
we could learn a lot from them
in that respect.
Southern California
Hit by Flash Flood
By UNITED PRESS
Skies cleared over the Eastern
floodlands today, but flash floods
plagued communities in South
ern California and North Caro
lina. In Southern California, heavy
wind, rain and electrical storms
caused flash floods which strand
ed several hundred civilian em
ployees of the Barstow Marine
Base as they drove home last
night.
Barstow itself was soaked with
an inch of rain in just one hour
and another flash flood closed
a canyon road near Redlands,
Calif.
A squall line backtracked
along the path of hurricane Con
nie and Diane in North Carolina,
flooding streets in Salem yester
day. At Fayetville, N.C., a swol
len city reservoir sprang a leak
and families were evacuated
from about 30 homes. . ,
A Ncfio's Warfb . .
Comment On
By HARMAN
United Pratt
Washington (U.R) It wasn't
my purpose when I wrote a story
about cabooses to get myself in
the middle of
a hassle be
tween a couple
of old railroad
men.
First, along
came D. G.
Williams of
San Antonio,
Tex., who dis
puted my state
ment that I
once took a
Herman Nicholi - run away ride
on a "fast caboose." He claimed I
was too fast with the word "fast"
and mentioned such other wards
as "slow," as pertinent to the
early, days of railroading. My
ride, certainly wasn't a planned
one, it was a means of escape
from punishment for doing
rather badly in seventh grade
arithmetic.
Anyhow, now comes a letter
in my defense. It is from Robert
F. Spears of Whitefish, Mont.,
and was forwarded from the
news editor of the Daily Inter
j Lake o Kalispell, Mont.
Tcok Fast Ride
Spears said he was 52 years
and four months a "rail" man
and most of the time on the
freights, a good part on cabooses.
Spears, bless him, said he
would like to back up "Mr.
Nichols' statement regarding fast
rides in cabooses."
"When I started to railroad in
1898 on the Minneapolis and St.
Louis Railroad out of Minnea
polis as a brakeman, we called
the caboose a 'way car.' And
with the M. and St. L. , and later
with the Great Northern, I took
many a fast ride in a caboose."
Spears, who is retired, likes to
read about the fictional lore of
the old roads. Every old time
railroader, he says, had his
share of thrills, but nothing like
"the young whipper-snapper
writers of the fiction field would
have you believes."
"The old time "way cars'," he
says, "were of the best. We had
sleeping quarters, a stove with
an oven for cooking, and we
never left base without a bunch
of supplies.
According to old Bob Spears,
a man never knew when he
started a freight run whether he
would be gone a week, or a
couple of months." .
Things Are Different
"Mr. Williams," says the man
from Montana, "advises that if
Mr. Nichols "would inspect the
undercarriage of the present day
caboose he would find few
changes made in the last " half
century. I would like to say
there have been many changes."
Spears, my defender,, has a
Is That So?
Did you know that ... there
is a bird in the Celebes island,
the maleo, which lays six to
eight eggs a season at 10 to 12
day intervals, thus having the
longest natural egg-laying per
iod of any wild bird, the period
lasting from two to three months.
most birds possess an unex
plained control over egg produc
tion. If, the complete clutch is
four eggs, they stop' laying with
that number, the remainder of
the partially-formed eggs being
reabsorbed. But should the first
hatch be destroyed or part of
the eggs taken, then thehen
will lay more eggs. The record
number , ever laid under such
circumstances was by a flicker
which laid 71 eggs in 73 days.
The sociable weaver birds of
South America combine their
efforts to build a huge common
apartment-house an umbrella-
shaped, roofed - over dwelling
which is honeycombed with sep-
arate, non - communicating,
warmly feather-lined cavities.
Often 300 birds may live in such
an apartment house in complete
harmony.
The hornbill male seals his
spouse into their hollowed-out.
nest for the duration. Its like
this: the pair select a cavity in
a tree. The hen lines the bottom
with chips of wood, earth and
feathers to her own liking. This
done, she takes up her residence
in the little wooden room and
settles down to her parental
chores. Meanwhile , the 'male
plasters up the entrance with
clay,- leaving only a small, slit
like opening through which his
wife may thrust her big beak
and receive her daily ration of
THE PRISONER SLEPT
Provo, Utah (U.R) A bench
warrant sworn out for an ac
cused embezzler was quietly
dropped here recently when an
investigation disclosed the ac
cused man had been in jail at
the time. The jailer had for
gotten to waken him, and the
prisoner slept right Jhrough his
arraignment time.
.
This and That
W. NICHOLS
FaaHir Wrir
nice little anecdote. When the
old timers went out they fetched
along their finest "get up.' Sun
day clothes. Never could tell
when there would be a layover
in a town where a dance was be
ing held. Kicking up a heel was
better than cooking up a "mulli
gan," "and it didn't take so
long." .
Spears says he recalls one rear
end collision to one of his
freights. The engineer following
the Spears train wasn't watching
his knitting and rammed "four
cars deep into my train.
"And there, on the engine of
the freight that did it," says
Spears, "was my dress-up coat.
Upside down. Lucky we didn't
get killed. Worse, that fellow
spoiled a good "mulligan,' which
wasn't quite done yet."
Highway 99. Crash
Fatal To Trucker
Roseburg '(U.R) One truck
driver died and another was se
riously injured yesterday when
a huge freight liner and a pick
up truck tangled on highway 99
about 34 miles south of here and
plunged over a 60 foot embank
ment. The Consolidated rig explod
ed and burned, killing driver
Robert Tice, 43, of Portland. The
accident happened at about
5:55 p.m.
John L. Yarbrough, 22, driver
of the pickup, was taken to
Community hospital here with
broken ribs, concussion nd ts
double fracture of one arm.
State police said details of tfc
accident were not clear but that
the pickup apparently tried to
pass the big truck-trailer rig al
both vehicles were going north.
Another heavy truck was ahead
of them both, also northbound.
The pickup and Tice's truck
collided in the southbound lane
and careened over the 60-foot
embankment. The freightliner
was carrying a general cargo,
including turpentine and other
inflammables which went up
when the truck exploded.
Police said Tice was probably
killed by the impact, but his
body was also badly burned in
the cab.
CHIEF. HE WANTS OUT
Sioux Falls, S. D. (U.R)
Minnehaha county authorities
kept a wary eye on an Indian
prisoner who believed in living
up to his name. They said that
Adam Make Room for Them had
broken out of another South Da
kota jail five times.
By EUGENE BURNS
Ranger-Naturalist
food. Shut up in the confined
quarters, the female and young .
are safe from the unwelcome
attentions of predators.
Down Plucked for Lining
Female ducks, geese and
swans grow a special nuptiafc
nest-down during the spring
which is plucked for lining their
cozy nests. Among Arctic-nesting
eider ducks, the use of their
down is so profuse that it com
pletely surrounds and covers the
egg when the female is absent.
Boobies and gannets, curious
ly, lay two eggs but hatch only
one.
The loss of bird life i annal.
ling. Not only do heavy losses
occur during the nesting season
but also- throughout the first-
year of life. A careful study of
a song sparrow at Ann Arbor,
Mich., revealed that she nested
five times in 1949 with only two
of the nests successful, and four
times in 1950, with none of th
nests successful.
(Released by McCIure
Newspaper Syndicate)
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