East Germans, in Revolt Aaainst
Reds Two Yea rs Ago, May Get Guns
Friday, Juno 17. 1955
Benin u.H) Two years
ago today East Germany erupt
ed in a revolt that rocked the
Soviet satellite empire.
Yet today the Soviet zone re
gime is preparing to transform
its 120,000-man para - military
police force into a full - fledged
national army, and is talking of
putting guns into the hands of
East German workers.
Does this mean the Russians
are confident they have crushed
the spirit of the June, 1953, up
rising? Western observers are not so
sure. They believe embers of
the revolt still burn beneath the
surface but are kept from break
ing out by police repression and
by the presence of 350,000 Sov
iet occupation troops.
The June 17 revolt was the
first mass uprising of workers
against Communism ever re
corded. It stands in many ways
as one of the most amazing
events of the cold war. It was
entirely unexpected by East and
West alike, and perhaps marked
a turning point in postwar his
tory. The revolt began in East Ber
lin early in the morning of June
16 when workers on the Stalin
allee housing project dropped
their tools and marched on Com
munist government buildings in
protest against the raising of
work norms.
Thousands of East Berliners
joined the protest march, and
then its character began to
change.
Instead of shouting only
against the work norms the
demonstrators began to clamor
for a general strike, free elec
tions, resignation of the Com
munist government, freedom of
speech, abolition of the milita
rised "people's police" and re
lease of all political prisoners.
Stunned Communist authori
ties watched the revolt gather
impetus. They frantically prom
ised the rebels speedy relief mea
sures but by then it was too
late.
Next day the revolt spread
throughout East Berlin and East
Germany. Government buildings
were sacked, police barracks
burned, Communist banners des
troyed. Two motorized divisions of
Soviet troops were moved into
East Berlin shortly before noon
and martial law was declared.
But to the world's amazement
the East Germans fought back.
They fought Soviet tanks with
stones and their bare hands.
They defied machine guns. West
Berliners gathered along the sec
tor border to watch the incred
ible sight.
Soviet T34 tanks gradually
forced the workers back until
Soviet troops commanded every
corner. Patrols sealed off the
city borders, and by nightfall the
revolt in the city had been
broken. '
In the east zone of Germany,
however, the revolt went on, in
spired by radio reports of the
uprising in Berlin. Again, Sov
iet troops had to use tanks and
machine guns to quell the defiant
workers.
No one knows exactly how
many were killed in street fight
ing, shot by Soviet firing squads
or sent to concentration camps.
Eight are known to have been
killed in East Berlin alone, and
West German government offi
cials estimate 42 were sentenced
to death immediately after the
uprising. Thousands were ar
rested.
Now, only two years later, the !
Communists are talking of put- i
ting guns in the hands of this j
same restless populace. '
They have concluded a seven
nation military alliance in War
saw and announced the immi
nent creation of an East German
army. They have warned east
zone youths to prepare for two
or three years of military serv
ice and are forming "fighting
groups" among factory workers
for "armed defense" of East
Germany.
But Western observers wonder
just how far the Soviets dare to
go. Perhaps significant was the
first appearance of the workers'
"fighting groups" at the May
Day rally in East Berlin this
year. None of the fighters car
ried any weapons.
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