MZDrORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBTTX1
Today and Tomorrow
at tinkler's June Scale
By Walter Lippmann
Sunday, June 8, 195S
THE TWO SCHOOL SYSTEMS . Negro and The School.'
A basic assumption of the Su
preme Court's order is that in
the 21 states and the District of
Columbia,
where segre
gation is re
quired or per
mitted, there
is now a grow
ing public opin
ion against ra
cial discrimi
nation in the
public schools.
This does not
Walter Lippmann mean that
there is not a strong opposition
In the South to mixing white and
colored children in the schools.
But there is also in the South a
rising tide of opinion which rec
ognizes that a dual school system
is incompatible with American
principles and that the real ques
tion is not whether but when and
how this dual system is to be
abolished.
Were it not for this Southern
opinion, the Supreme Court de
cision would have been little
more than a pious platitude. For
the Court could not, the Federal
1 government would not, coerce
the Southern states. The whole
action of the Court rests on the
belief, for which there is ample
justification in fact, that the will
to solve this problem is already
present in the South. Where
there is a will, a way will be
found, and we may add that as
the way is found, there will be
a stronger will.
rpHE lower courts, sitting in the
- South and composed of judges
living in Southern communities,
will have to decide "whether the
action of school authorities con
stitutes good faith implementa
tion of the governing constitu
tional principles" against racial
discrimination. We shall do well
to make the efforts now to fore
see what "good faith" is likely to
mean.
In doing this we must not be
hypnotized by the defiant voices
from the states in the deep South
where the problem is most diffi
cult. We must try to under stand
the position of those Southern
leaders who, while willing to
comply, are beset by the practi
cal difficulties.
The Supreme Court has told
the lower courts to consider
problems arising out of the phys
ical condition of the school plant, ,
xne scnooi transportation system,
personnel, and the like. The un
derlying fact of the matter is
that under segregation there are
two school systems, and the
school system for the colored
children is in varying degrees
but almost everywhere sub
stantially inferior to the white
school system. If, therefore, there
is to be only one system, the
schooling for the colored chil
dren will have to be raised to the
standard of the white children.
This will cost money. If, as is in
fact so necessary, the standard of
the whole system is to be raised,
a lot more money will be re
( quired.
We may, therefore, expect to
see school authorities going to
the courts and saying: We are
.willing to comply. But we are
not willing to lower the standard
of the schooling of the white
. children. We are willing only to
. raise the standard for the col
ored children. Where shall we
find the' money for the additional
plants, the additional facilities,
the additional teachers?"
FOR those who wish to look
into the practical problems of
compliance, I would recommend
reading Chapter Eleven of the
report by Harry S. Ashmore.
This is published as a book by
the University of North Caro
lina Press under the title "The
The Southern states, even
though they have been opposed
to the integrated schools, have
been making progress toward
equalizing the two separate
school systems. The progress
since 1940 has been impressive.
But the gap between the colored
and the white schools is still
large. It istmuch smaller in the
cities than in the rural areas. It
is smaller in terms of current ex
penditures than in terms of cap
ital expenditure for school build
ings and equipment.
The decision of the Supreme
Court requires that as rapidly as
possible colored children shall be
educated in the same schools and
shall have, therefore, the same
kind of education as the white
children. Segregation mans not
only that they are in separate
schools but that in fact they are,
in poorer schools. Integration,
which is now to be the order of
the day, means lifting the educa
tion of colored to the standard of
the white children.
HPHIS cannot be crone quickly,
and for this reason alone the
Supreme Court was fully justi
fied in refusing to set a deadline
for compliance with the decision.
Moreover, the lower courts, to
whom the implementation of the
decision has been remanded, will
not, at least in many cases, be
able to solve the practical prob
lems. They will very probably,
so one may hope, elucidate the
practical problems which state
legislatures and the Congress will
then have to deal with.
We are facing the task of rais
ing the level of schooling for col
ored children to the level of that
of the white children, and of
raising the level of both to what
is needed if we are to educate
the nation properly. We shall not
escape the necessity of very sub
stantial Federal aid in carrying
out this task. The overall prob
lem of American education is, I
am sorry and reluctant to say, in
soluble without large contribu
tions which can only be raised by
Federal taxation.
This would be the case even if
the Court had not ruled against
the segregated schools. But in
ruling as it has, the need for Fed
eral aid will become more obvi
ous and ever more insistent.
(Copyright. 1955, New York
Herald Tribune Inc.)
Slate Grange Opens
Convention at KF
. Klamath Falls (U.R) The
I 82nd annual convention of the
Oregon State Grange will open
at a picnic and barbecue at Col
lier State Park here today.
Klamath and Lake county
granges will be host organiza
tions for the conclave that will
last through June 10.
An estimated 1000 delegates,
including Byron Frederick, mas
ter of the Ohio State Grange,
will attend. Frederick will rep
resent National Grange Master
Herschel D. Newsom.
As a preliminary to the con
vention, the Grange juvenile de
gree was exemplified Saturday
at Klamath Union high school.
No Acton Expected on
Shipyard Differential
Portland (U.R) Congress
will probably not act during the
current session on a bill to re
move a six per cent differential
West Coast shipyards enjoy ov
er East Coast competitors.
The prediction was made by
Mayor Fred L. Peterson, who
said Sen. Wayne Morse and
Rep. Harris Ellsworth had noti
fied him there was little likeli
hood for congressional action on
the bill.-
LIVING IN MALIBTJ, CAL, Rita Hayworth, film star, and Dick
Haymes, her Argentine-born crooner husband receive happy
news Washington, D. C. federal judge has ruled Haymes is not
.deportable for making flying trip to Honolulu to visit Rita before
their marriage. Government may appeal decision. (International)
Medford One of Six
Key Ponts in Civil
Defense Warning Net
he pointed out, adding that they
depend on the executive heads
of the counties and cities involv
ed and the civil defense directors
they appoint.
Medford is one of six key
point air raid warning centers
in Oregon for the civil defense
system, according to Arthur M.
Sheets, state civil defense dir
ector. He said a 24-hour alerting sys
tem has been in effect for sev
eral years on a stand-by basis.
This is how it works:
The Air Force is responsible
for air defense, including the at
tack warning system including
radar stations and ground obser
ver posts. Warnings of attack are
sent to the air defense divisions,
and they are responsible for re
laying the warning to civilian
defense organizations.
Calls Relayed
After an alert is received, the
civil air force warning system
places simultaneous telephone
calls to the six key-point cities
in Oregon. In addition to Med
ford, these are Portland, Salem,
Eugene, The Dalles, and Pendle
ton.
The telephone system is test
ed daily. From the key-point cit
ies, the calls are relayed to sub-key-point
warning areas in each
county, and down to community
level. This relay system is test
ed each month.
The entire operation is hand
led by telephone, and is com
pleted in a few minutes. A "yel
low" warning means attack is
probable; a "red" warning means
attack is imminent.
Precautions Taken
Precautions have been taken
agains,t false alerts, Sheets ex
plained. He pointed out that dur
ing the temporary and erron
eous alert last May 5 which caus
ed confusion .throughout much of
the Pacific coast, Oregon did not
receive a warning because the lature. told the committee he
report was correctly evaluated at could think of no engineer or j
Chairman Named
By Interim Group
For Highway Study
BY WILLIAM WARREN
United Press Correspondent
Salem U.R) State Sen. War
ren McMinimee, Tillamook Re
publican, was elected chairman
of the Legislative Interim Com
mittee on Highway Study at its
first and organizational meeting
here Friday.
Rep. Robert L. Elstrom, Salem
Republican, . was chosen vice
chairman and Rep." William Bra
deen of Burns, secretary.
Under senate joint resolution
25 this interim group is charged
with the responsibility of mak
ing studies and recommendations
on several highway problems.
Study Park Department
Perhaps foremost on the list
is one concerning the desirabil
ity of creating a separate State
Park Department. An effort to
remove the supervision and ad
ministration of state parks from
the Highway Commission failed
in the 1955 legislative session.
The committee also will study
methods, standards and results
obtained in construction and
mantenance of state highways.
Sen. Charles W. Bingner of
La Grande, who served on the
Highway Interim Committee
that reported to the 1955 Legis
the 9th and 25th air divisions,
responsible for Oregon.
"That is why civil defense was
not activated," Sheets continued.
"If the time comes that we re
ceive an actual warning from
the Air Force, we will alert the
public and mobilize our resourc
es according to the operational
plans. The efficiency of the op
eration plans. vary a great deal,"
w I
r-?
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board of engineers who would
be more competent to report
than Oregon's own state highway
engineer, R. H. Baldock. He
noted that Baldock is consulted
by several other states on such
matters and is considered one of
the outstanding highway engi
neers in the country.
LOC Reguests Study
The League of Oregon Cities
requested the committee by let
ter to study the present make
up of the State Speed Control
Board. The league pointed out
that with transfer of the Motor
Vehicle Department from the
office of secretary of state to a
separate department under the
appointive power of the gov
ernor would, in the opinion of
the League, eliminate the need
for tn secretary of state being
a member of the board.
The league requested that one
of its officials be named on the
board in order to consider the
speed of vehicles using city
streets.
Other members of the com
mittee are Rep. E. A. Littrell of
Medford and Fred Meek of Port
land, and Sen. Walter Leth of
Monmouth.
Within the Chicago terminal
district, there is more than
enough railway trackage to form
a double-track railroad reaching
from coast to coast.
Dead line Sunday Classified Ja at
noon Saturday: 1 a. m. Monday for
Monday: other days 5:30 ereviousday
yta',it:.(b
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