Edaho Experts Link Polio Cases WHK
VaccSmie Pending (CompBetDon oil Tests
Friday, May S, 1955
MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNZ FITS
By UNITED PRESS
An experts' statement that
Salk vaccine could be a contri
buting factor to 10 cases of in
fantile paralysis in Idaho high
lighted mounting activity on the
nation's polio front today.
Three public health experts
announced that a week of re
search among Idaho's polio cases
"strongly indicate a direct rela
tion of the vaccine with the
cases of polio which have been
teen."
The 10 polio mases were
among 32,000 Idaho children ino
culated with Salk vaccine manu
factured by the Cutter Labora
tories of Berkeley, Calif. Two of
the youngsters died and three
are In critical condition.
Third Child Dies
Meanwhile, a third child died
after receiving an inoculation of
Cutter vaccine and the National
Foundation for Infantile Paraly
sis announced that New York
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and Washington had requested a
delay in shipments of vaccine to
them pending an investigation.
In Washington, President Ei
senhower said he would ask
Congress for power to distribute
Salk vaccine free to the nation's
children if it becomes evident
any child is being unfairly de
prived of it. His statement was
coupled with an announcement
that vaccine supplies have fallen
nearly 7,000,000 doses behind
estimates.
There have been 46 cases of
polio following inoculations of
Salk vaccine across the nation
and in Hawaii. Up until the Ida
ho experts' statement, scientists
had been unanimous in stressing
that there was no evidence that
the Salk vaccine was to blame.
The Idaho experts emphasized
that their investigations will re
main strictly circumstantial un
til completion of laboratory
tests.
But they said the possible con
nection between Salk vaccine
and the 10 Idaho cases was sup
ported by four factors.
1. The disease struck in areas
where there had been no pre
vious polio cases since last fall.
2. Only children who had re
ceived the vaccine became ill in
these areas.
3. The first signs of paralysis
occurred in the arm, where the
children had been vaccinated.
4. The paralysis developed
first in the upper extremities, al
though the disease is usually first
felt in the legs.
A 30-month-old New Orleans,
La., boy meanwhile became the
third child in the nation to die
following an inoculation of Cut
ter vaccine. But doctors said
they were sure the inoculation
had no connection with his
death.
Grandson of Famed Surgeon
E. Allen Davis Jr. was stricken
with bulbar polio Sunday, five
days after he had been inocu
lated, and died Wednesday. Doc
tors pointed out that the incuba
tion period for polio is 10 to 14
days.
The child was the grandson of
a famed surgeon, Dr. Alton Ochs
ner. In other states, health officials
indicated a mounting desire to
make sure about every detail of
the Salk vaccine.
In California, meanwhile, the
powerful State Medical Associa
tion issued a statement con
demning the "contrived publi
city" which accompanied the
announcement of the Salk vac
cine's effectiveness.
The association added it was
by no means satisfied with the
vaccine.
There have been 1,163 cases
of polio, including seven deaths,
across the nation this year, an
unofficial check showed.
Advocates of 'Live Virus' Polio
Vaccine Continue To Press Search
By DELOS SMITH
United Press Science Editor
New York (U.R) Despite the
statistically proven success of
the Salk "killed virus" vaccine
against polio,' scientific advo
cates of a "live virus" vaccine
have by no means given up their
search.
Dr. Albert B. Sabin, of the
University of Cincinnati, a lead
ing "live virus" scientist, indi
cated this group's continuing
lack of faith in the "killed vi
rus" approach to immunizing hu
man being against polio.
He described to the annual
meeting of the American Asso
ciation of Physicians in Atlantic
City some of the, results of his
experiments with a "live virus"
vaccine in 26 inmates volunteers
at the federal reformatory at
Chillicothe, O., which had been
previously reported by the Unit
ed Press.
No Sign of Illness
The volunteers swallowed his
"live" viruses in milk. All de
veloped antibodies against the
viruses, yet none developed any
sign of illness. This, Dr. Sabin
continued, was what happened
in the vast majority of "natural"
immunizations weak, but
"live" viruses invaded the body,
caused no illness, but bestowed
life-long immunity.
Dr. Sabin described his experi
ments with the convicts again in
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a lecture to the Phi Lambda
Kappa fraternity at New York
University.
It is a fact that non-virulent j
strains of polio viruses circulate
in nature. Otherwise there
wouldn't be so very many peo
ple who have polio virus anti
bodies in their blood chemistry
without ever having been ill of
polio.
Dr. Sabin is working with "at
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strains which can be depended
upon to remain non-virulent. An
"attenuated" virus is one which
has been so weakened, usually
by repeated "passages" through
laboratory animals and test tube
cultures, that it no longer causes
disease.
Depends en Mutation
This weakening depends upon
a natural phenomenon called
mutation. When some of the off
spring of a virulent virus are
unlike their parent in being non
virulent instead of virulent, it
is the result of mutation and the
non-virulent viruses are mu
tants. They reproduce viruses
which are non-virulent, too, and
thus a non-virulent strain is
established.
Dr. Sabin has produced such
strains in his laboratory which
have remained non-virulent
through many 'passages" through
chimpanzees. These were the
mutant strains which he tested
in his 26 convict-volunteers. Dr.
Sabin believes th,ese strains are
stable that they won't change
back into virulent forms.
Controversy Not Affected
, His report emphasized the rug
gedness of the long-continuing
controversy in science between
the "killed virus" and "live vi
rus" approach to an effective
vaccine against polio. The con
troversy was not affected by the
Francis statistical study of the
Salk "killed virus" vaccine
which showed that it was 60 to
90 per cent effective.
It was not affected because
the Francis report did not and
could not deal with how long
an immunity the Salk vaccine
bestows. It is the contention of
the "live virus" advocates that
any immunity bestowed by a
"killed virus" vaccine has to be
short-lived. In nature, "live" vi
ruses bestow life-long immunity
at the risk of disease. There
fore, they argue, there can be
"no immunity like natural immunity."
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