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United Press
Fortieth Year
Sen. Hiram Johnson Dies;
One of Few Survivors of
"Little Band of Willful"
Washington, Aug. 6 (U.R)
Calif., one of the few survivors
who fought the League of Nations
after he had reaffirmed his
United Nations charter.
The California elder states
man, dean of senate Republicans,
died in his sleep at Bethesda,
Md., naval hospital at 6:45 a. m.
EWT He would have celebrated
his 79lh birthday on Sept. 2
Paired on Charter
Johnson, who had been in ill
health for several years, took lit
tle part in the charter debate
He telephoned his "no" vote, the
first recorded, to the senate for
eign affairs committee when it
approved the charter. When the
senate itself voted, Johnson was
unable to be on the floor, but
was paired against the charter,
The other two survivors of the
little isolationist group in the
1920 senate credited with frus
trating the dream of President
. Woodrow Wilson for U. S. lead
ership in the League of Nations
both voted for the charter this
time. They are Sen. Arthur Cap
per, D Kas., and Sen. David I
V.'alsh, D., Mass.
Johnson had been In the hos
pital since July 18, three days
after he cast his committee vote
on the charter. During the past
several years, he had been ab
sent from the senate floor for
long periods due to illness,
v Thrombosis Cause
Immediate cause of death wa,
given as cerebral thrombosis.
His wife, the former Minnie L.
McNeal, was with him when
he died, and his only remaining
on, Lt. Col. Hiram W. Johnson.
Jr., 55, was flying here from San
Francisco.
Funeral arrangements were
not announced immediately.
He was the second ranking
member of the senate in terms
of Continuous service. He had
bcn a senator continuously since
March 16, 1917, being outranked
only by Sen. Kenneth McKcllar,
D., Tenn.
His death leaves vacancies on
five senate committees. Most im
portant was his position on the
foreign relations committee, of
which he was the ranking Re
publican member and. in cv?nt
of a change of administration,
of which he would have been
chairman.
Other important committees
of which Johnson was a mem
ber were the commerce and na
val affairs committees. He also
served on the irrigation and rec
lamation, and the immigration
committees both vital to west
coast interests.
11
New York. Aug. 6 CUP.)
Four transports carrying more I
than 11.000 troops from Europe
were arriving today.
The ships were the Sea Pike,
the John Ericsson, the Santa
Paula, and the Edward Bellamy-
Aboard the Sea Pike were 2,
761 soldiers, members of the
1946th, the 1936th and the 869lh
Quartermaster Truck companies:
the 3130th, and the 3133rd
Quartermaster Service com
panies: the 435th Quartermaster
Bakery company, and Infantry
division reorganization detach
ment "E."
Wonder if Quake
Caused by Bomb
Washington, Aug. 6 iU.R
There was a faint earth murmur
on the seismograph at George
town University last night at
6:22 p m.. the same day the first
atomic bomb was dropped upon
Japan from an American plane.
University officials were re
luctant however, to attribute
the disturbance to repercussions
from the powerful new explo
sive. Mexico City. Aug. 6 UR It
was rumored in financial circles
today that United States inter-'
rsts have offered to purchase thej
Mexican railway or $11,000,000.
Full Leased Wire
Sen. Hiram Warren Johnson, R.,
of the "little band of willful men"
in 1920, died today a few weeks
life-long isolationism by opposing the
;M
Hiram Johnson
PETAIN DEFENDED
Paris, Aug. 6 (U.R) Prince
Xavier of Bourdon-Parma testi
fied today that Marshal Henri
Philippe Petain's orders caused
the release of thousands of
Frenchmen from concentration
camps in central France.
Prince Xavier, brother of Em
press Zita of Austria and uncle
of Archduke Otto, was the sec
ond defense witness at the trea
son trial of Potain, now in its
third week.
The Prince said that if Petain
had not signed the armistice with
Germany in 1940, Frenchmen
would have suffered the same
fate as the Poles.
Gen. Charles Lacaille. the first
witness today, testified that
France had only 50 planes and
no tanks in Indo-China for the
defense of the country's colony
in the far cast.
YREKAN KILLED IN
Yreka, Cal., Aug. 6 (U.R)
Eugene N. Hcnrira, 40, of Yreka,
was instantly killed last night
when his automobile was struck
by a Greyhound bus and plunged
over a 200 foot embankment into
the Shasta river near Yreka.
Sheriff's deputies were told by
Bus Driver George Garber, Med
ford, Ore., and passengers that
Hendra swerved to avoid hitting
three cows which wandered onto
the highway, just as the bus was
passing him.
The bus hit the car In the rear
and plunged it over the cliff.
Hendra's skull was torn off as
the car rolled down to land right
side up in the river.
U. S. Sub Sinks 15
In 10-Month Trip
Washington, Aug- 6 (U.R)
The U. S- submarine Guitarro
sank 15 Japanese ships in less
than 10 months of operation
against Japan's dwindling fleet,
the navy revealed today.
The Guitarro, which is now at
Hunter's Point naval drydocks.
San Francisco, Calif., undergo
ing a routine overhaul, included
in her bag two enemy cruisers,
three destroyers, eight transports
and cargo ships, and two tankers.
NEGRO BANDITS BUSY
Oakland. Cal.. Aug. 6 (U.R'
Four negro bandits, armed with
two tommy guns and two Ger
man Luger pistols, robbed a
Chinese gambling game here
early today, taking between
$15,000 and $50,000 from be-
tween 50 and 150 Chinese.
Dc-
tails of the robbery, police said
were indefinite because of re
luctance of the victims to talk.
JfefSTRIBUNE
MEDFORD, OREGON, MONDAY, AUGUST 6, 1945
Governor Warren
Faces Hard Work
Picking Successor
Sacramento, Cal., Aug. 6 (U.R)
The death of Sen. Hiram John
son in Washington leaves ap
pointment of a new senator up
to Republican Gov. Earl Warren
and it appeared today that it
would be one of the toughest
choices the governor has had to
make.
It was considered unlikely
that the governor would take the
post himself. He has said he
wants another term as governor,
and in addition he has not been
particularly friendly with Lt.
Gov. Frederick F. Houser who
would become governor if War
ren resigned to enter the senate.
The shortness of the unexpir
ed term, less than a year and a
half, also would affect the gov
ernor's decision. Whoever is ap
pointed will have to run in the
1946 elections to retain the post.
One result of Johnson's sud
den death probably will be to
insure a large field of candidates
in the primary election next
June.
San Fran Hotels
Threaten Closing
Of Dining Rooms
San Francisco; Aug. 6 (U.R)
Closing of all major hotel dining
rooms in San Francisco by Aug
15 was threatened today unless
the office of price administra
tion grants additional red points.
Joseph Sullivan, president of
the hotel employers association,
disclosed that a wire had been
sent Chester owles, OPA head,
flatly announcing the Intention
of the restaurants to shut down
unless a recent order drastically
reducing meat points was re
scinded. The wire was dispatched a
week ago and no reply has been
received, Sullivan said. Copies
were sent Clinton Anderson,
secretary of agriculture, and
California's congressional dele
gation. 1 5 FIRES STARTED
Fourteen fires In Applegatc
district and one near Union
Creek, all started by lightning,
were reported to the Rogue
River national forest service
headquarters here between 3
p. m. and 9 p. m. yesterday. All
were under control this morn
ing, the headquarters states.
Three parachute Jumpers from
Siskiyou forest patrol station
were flown over and released
near Whiskey peak to extinguish
two close fires in that area.
Many forest fires were reported"
in coastal regions, the forest ser
vice says.
Mount Shasta, Cal., Aug. fl
(U.R) More than 100 fires were
set in national forests In north
ern California today by a light
ning storm, forest officials re
ported. The blazes were scat
tered through Klamath, Shasta
Trinity, Modoc and Lassen for
ests. Zone dispatcher Mervin Ad
ams called the situation "serious"
and said fighting aid was being
asked from other sections.
National City Fire
Damage $300,000
National City, Cal., Aug. 6
U.R) Fire, which raged for seven
hours through the industrial dis
trict, was brought under control
today after destroying two
blocks of factories, government
warehouses and. war plants.
Wiped out were the National
Research and Manufacturing Co.,
builders of parts for Consoli
dated Vultee Privateer bombers,
the Sperry flour mill and several
warehouses storing supplies fori
the navy. Total damage was es-j
timatcd t "well over $300,000." 1
IKE TELLS NAZIS
L BE
Shortages of Food, Fuel,
Housing and Transport
Loom; Must Help Selves
Berlin, Aug. 6 (U.R) Gen.
Dwight D. Eisenhower messaged
the German people in the Ameri
can occupation zone today that
the coming months will be a
time of trial, with shortages of
food, fuel, housing and transport.
But "you do not need to face
the future without hope," Eisen
hower told the Germans. "You
can redeem yourselves both at
home and in the eyes of the
world through your own ef
forts." Must Gather Wood
Coal will not be available for
heating their houses this winter,
Eisenhower told the Germans,
and they must gather wood from
the forests for fuel.
The Germans will be permit
ted to form local unions and en
gage in local political activity,
with meetings subject to approv
al by the military government.
- "Full freedom to form trade
unions and engage in democratic
political activities will be ex
tended rapidly in those areas in
which you show a readiness for
the healthy exercise of these
privileges," Eisenhower said.
"Your own actions will deter
mine the time for removing the
remaining -restrictions." .
LUZON PATROLS
Manila. Aug. 6 (U.R) Ameri
can patrols worked their way
through the wilderness of north
ern Luzon today in the opening
stages of a final mop-up in the
Philippines campaign to finish
off Japanese opposition now re
duced to units of only company
strength.
Gen. Douglas MacArthur's
communique announced that 4,
740 additional enemy dead were
counted in the Philippines last
week, with approximately 3,800
found on Luzon.
B-25 Mitchell medium bomb
ers and P-38 fighters on Friday
dropped jellied gasoline, as well
as high explosives, on Japanese
positions in the Sierra Madrc
mountains and in the Cordillera
mountains.
Girl Lost Five Days
In Remote Forest
Sonera. Cal., Aug. 6 (U.R)
Lola Walker, 15, of Berkeley,
Cal., today was resting in Tuo
lumme hospital wher'j she was
brought by five fishermen who
found her after she wandered In
a remote mountainous region for
51 days.
Miss Walker was discovered
sleeping in an abandoned camp
near the Juncture of Cottonwood
creek and Clavey river In Stan
islaus National forest. Her
clothes and her body were tern
by the underbrush.
Miss Walker became separated
from her father, Theron Walker,
while on a fishing trip. Forest
rangers said she must have
walked 30 miles.
Servants Robbed
Film Celebrities
Hollywood, Aug. 6 (U.R)
Movie colony celebrities today
parad'-d through a police station
seeking to identify missing valu
ables among 28 crates of loot
allegedly stolen by two servants
in fashionable filmland homes.
WILL TO LIVE FAILS
TO SAVE CPL. NEWMAN
Fort Worth, Tex., Aug. 6 (U.R)
Cpl. Jim Newman, whose will
to live despite Japanese barbar
ity drew sympathetic bravos
from a war-saddened nation, goes
to a soldier's grave today.
Jim Newman was only a shell
of a man when he died at his
parents Fort Worth home Friday
night. But inside that shell was
the heart of ( fighter a heart
that kept him alive a month after
doctori said he should have died.'
United Pte Full
Atom Bomb Test
Reveals Gigantic
Power Unleased
Washington, Aug. 6 (U.R)
The first test firing of an
atomic bomb immediately vap
orized a steel tower from
which the weapon was sus
pended and sent a massive
cloud billowing into the stra
tosphere with "tremendous
power," the War department
said today-
"At the appointed time," an
official description of the test
said, "There was a blinding
flash lighting up the whole
area brighter than the
brightest daylight.
"There came a tremendous
sustained roar and a heavy
pressure wave which knocked
down two men outside the con
trol tower (10,000 yards from
the explosion).
"A huge multi-colored surg
ing cloud boiled up over 40.
000 feet. Clouds in its path
disappeared.
"The steel tower (from
which the bomb had been sus
pended) had been entirely
vaporized," the description
continued. "Where the tower
had stood, there was a hugu
sloping crater."
S FAN FIRE
L
ON TWO FRONTS
Portland, Ore., Aug. 6 (U.R)
Western Oregon's forest fire
raged out of control on two
fronts today as winds fanned
the flames.
On the Hcmbre ridge front at
the southwest end of the main
Wilson river fire, flames swept
across fire lines and forced fight
ers to retreat. Officials reported
that the fire was within a mile
of the Cook creek outlet on the
Nchalom river and threatened
rich tlmberland across the river.
Some 150 specially trained fire
fighters in the air forces were
rushed from Portland and vicin
ity to Reehers camp and Spruce
Run where flames were report
ed advancing.
New volunteers were sent Into
the Ferest Grove sector to con
tinue battling for the city's wa
tershed. Advancing beyond the
500-acre burn of Saturday, the
flames were threatening to burn
out the headwaters above the
city reservoir.
During normal years, more
clinl.fti,,, clmlla nra 4irtA nf mh.
bits than at any other Norlh
American aamn The rnhtlit
also furnishes more meat forj
sportsmen than any other animal.
Vast Possibilities of Atom
First Vision'ed Early in 1940
Washington, Aug. 8 (U.R)
The first knowledge that Ameri
ca. 1 physicists had begun to cor
ral atomic energy possibly the
greatest scientific discovery of
all time came to light in the
spring of 1940.
They extracted a minute quan
tity of a substance which they
called U-235 a close relative of
uranium. It was hailed then as a
powerful potential weapon for
war and equally useful in peace
time. Scientists at that time con
cluded: One pound of U-235, If they
had it and could harness it would
be equal in power output to 5,.
000,000 pounds of coal or 3,000,
000 pounds of gasoline, roughly
400.000 gallons.
One pound of U-235 would
contain as much energy as 15,000
tons of TNT, or 300 carloads of
50 tons each.
If this one pound of U-235 ex
ploded within l10.000ths of
second, as does TNT, the pres
sure produced would be of 100,
000,000 atmospheres. This would
be about 1,000,000 times the
pressure produced by TNT or
nytroglyccrinc, they estimated
then.
They calculated at that lime,
however, that the explosion of
such pound of U-235, would
produce crater much less than
300 feel in diameter and probab
Leased Wiri
NO. 115.
WAR PLANT HANDS
FINALLY L
EOF
Richland, Wash., Atom Pro
ject Covers 600 Square
Miles 17,000 People
Richland, Wash., Aug. 6 U.R)
President Truman's revelation
today of the atomic bomb gave
17.000 residents of this wartime
village their first hint of what
they were manufacturing at the
vast Hanford engineering project
some 30 miles away.
The workers who came here
from virtually all states in the
union have good jobs and live in
pleasant government-built homes
on the banks of the Columbia
river, but previous to the White
House announcement they had
no inkling of what brought them
here.
400,000 Acres
The enormous structures of
fii rtrnWt nrp scattered over an
area of more than 400,000 acres
of central Washington between
(t,a Vnlrlma 1-flnBP find the Col-
umbia river. The plant was con
structed by i. uuroni tie me
jr. r whtrh also has the
contract for operating the plant.
Scientific research was done un
der the auspices of Chicago
University.
The area owned or leased by
the government amounts to more
than 600 square miles, including
the village of Richland which
-was acquired for a housing de
velopment and an administrative
center.
Plants Divided
The manufacturing area Is
.MhriivlHnH Into three huge areas
and each of these in turn is sub
divided into sections covering
miles of ground. One of the
il.rnA mnln nrens contains three
large buildings where the mater
ial Is producco. inc sccumu
nnntni. Hi hnee chemical
plants where the material is
purified ana conwiiuii,
the third area prepares the raw
materials.
The plant at Hanford is com
posed of huge 800-foot rcctangu
tnt. ,tf-,wfnrec "where enormous
quantities of materials are handi
ng iiirmiDh manv successive pro
cesses with no human eye ever.
seeing what actually goes on ex
cept through a complicated
scries of dials and panels.
BASEBALL
American League
First game:
Detroit fl 1!
i f'iman 2 8 1
Benton and Swift; Lopat and
Tresh-
ly only 75 feet In radius.
A chunk of 10 pounds of U
235, they said, would drive an
ocean liner orasubmarine
around the oceans for an indefi
nite period for it would possess
the power output of 50,000,000
pounds of coal or 30,000,000
pounds of gasoline.
The story of the discovery of
U-235 was unfolded in the May,
1940, issue of the Physical Re
view, official publication of
American physicists. German
scientists were feverishly work
ing on similar experiments at
the laboratories of the Kaiser
Wilhelm institute in Berlin.
The Americans, however, had
the advantage of working with
powerful cycloton (atom smash
ing) machines which the Ger
mans did not possess. These ma
chines were necessary In experi
menting with the energies with
in the nuclei (cores) of atoms.
In the early experiments the
scientists found that U-235 was
inactive when left by itself. As
soon as it touched water of ordi
nary temperature it automatic
ally would start to free Its en
ergy. They reasoned that the
water would be turned into
steam and the steam would drive
powerful turbines. A supply of
new water would keep the pro
cess going indefinitely. To stop
it all that would be necessary
would bt to turn off the water.
Secret Weapon Has
Greater Punch Than
20,000 Jons TNT
Washington, Aug. 6. (U.R) The United Statei has unleashed
against Japan the terror of an atomic bomb 2,000 times more pow
erful than the biggest blockbusters ever used in warfare.
President Truman revealed this great scientific achievement
today and warned the Japanese that they now face "a rain of ruin
from the air the like of which has never been seen on this earth."
More and more of these devastating bombs, unlocking the
vast hidden energy that lies within the atom, will tumble on Japan,
if they continue to reject the Potsdam surrender ultimatum.
Washington, Aug. 6 (U.R) For two and a half years now, as
many as 125,000 Americans have been engaged in making the
war's top secret weapons the atomic bomb. Few were aware of
what they had been producing.
Working at plants at Oak Ridge, Tenn., near Knoxville; Rich
land. Wash., Hear Pasco: and an installation at Santa Fe, N. M., the
workers have seen great quantities of material going into the
plants, but nothing coming out as a finished product. The product
is so small that it could be concealed from all but a very few.
FIRST ONE DROPPED ON HIROSHIMA BASE
The new atomic bomb was used for the first time yesterday. An
American plane dropped one on the Japanese army base at Hiro
shima. Its use marked victory for the allies in the greatest scientific
race in history. We put $2,000,000,000 and the work of 125,000
persons into the project.
A single bomb has more power than 20.000 tons of TNT. It has
more than 2,000 times the blast power of the British "grand slam"
bomb, the largest ever used previously in the history of warfare.
Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson disclosed that an improved
bomb would be forthcoming shortly that would increase "by sev
eral fold" the present effectiveness of the new weapon.
FIRST RESULT HIDDEN BY DUST AND SMOKE
The war department said that it was not yet able to make an
accurate report of the damage caused by the first bomb.
"Reconnaissance planes state that an impenetrable cloud of
dust and smoke covered the target area," an announcement said.
"As soon as accurate details of the result of the bombing become,
available, they will be released by the secretary of war."
TOWERING FIRES
LEFT IN WAKE OF
Guam, Aug. 9. U.R) Tower
Ing fires visible 150 miles swept
through four Japanese cities
after a 580-plane Superfortress
raid today and Tokyo reported
that a "small number" of B-29s
struck at Hiroshima, an import
ant Japanese army base 20 miles
northwest of Kurc.
Veteran B-29 crewmen return
ing from their 3.850-ton pre
dawn raid said they started tre
mendous fires at the industrial
centers of Macbashl and Nishi-
nomiya-Mikahc on Honshu. Saga
on Kyushu, Imbari on Shiknku
and at the synthetic gasoline
plant at Ubc.
Tokyo Strafed
Tokyo reported U. S. flghtcr
bombers hit Tokyo and five sur
rounding prefectures a few hours
after the Superfortress smash.
While the air war against Ja
pan mounted in Intensity. It was
disclosed officially the first con
tingents of Canadian troops,
ships and planes had arrived In
the Guam area, marking Can
ada's all-out entry Into the Pa
cific war.
Col. Richard S. Malone, di
rector of public relations for the
Canadian army, said Canada will
field ?0,000 troops, all trained in
Kentucky. They will use Ameri
can arms, and will be supple
mented by squadrons of the
RCAF, in addition to at least 60
Canadian navy ships, including
two aircraft carriers, two cruis
ers, and numerous destroyers
and frigates.
3rd Fleet Mystery
The mystery of the where
abouts of Adm. William F. Hal
sey's 3rd fleet was heightened
by a dispatch from United Press
War Correspondent Ernest Ho
berccht. It was dated "With the
3rd fleet In the Pacific, Aug. 5."
The first sentence of the dis
patch asked the $64 question
Where's the 3rd fleet?
"Both the Japanese and Amer
ican radios have been asking
that question today," Hobcrccht
said.
"We get a kick out of listen
ing to their speculations about
where our next blows will fall."
Superfortress pilots reported
the Japanese attempted to break
up today's five-pronged B-29
raid with Jet fighters. Tapt
Lawrence Bird. Maplcton, Utah,
said he saw a Japanese Jet over
Macbashl.
"At first I thought It was a
flare or a ball of fire. It came
within 500 feet of our B-29."
Mexico City, Aug. 6 (U.R)
Representatives of the Chinese
government said today they are
making arrangements to buy $4,
000,000 worth of Mexican cloth
and clothing for the Chinese
irmy, ,
Great Achievement
Development of the bomb, a
victory of American scientists
in a desperate race with Ger
many, Is "the greatest achieve
ment of organized science in his,
tory Mr. Truman said In a state
ment released at the Whits
House.
The United States, he added
l now prepared "to obliterate
more rapidly and completely
every productive enterprise the
an.vacn;e"haVe "bVe ground
ultimatum issued to Japan at
Potsdam was made "to spare the
Japanese people from utter de
struction." ihJ",the uI"matum was re-
.,he aiomlc bomb was sent
into action.
Long a Secret
Mr. Truman'. .1.1 .
i j . nirineni, re
leased while he still -...I
route home by cruiser from Pots
dam hfted the secrecy from one
of the most closely-guarded en
terprises of the war. No mention
or atomic power or any possible
use of It in warfare has been
allowed under the newspaper
and radio code of the office of
censorship.
Mr. Truman said that despite
the vast multiplied potency of
ho bomb, "the physical size of
thu explosive charge Is exceed
ingly small."
Reviewing the fqarful potency
of the new bomb, the president
said he would recommend that
congress consider the establish
ment of an appropriate commis
sion to control the production
and use of atomic power within
the United States.
Atom Race Won
Mr. Truman revealed that yes
terday's use of the bomb sig
naled an American victory in
a feverish race with German
scientists to find some way to
harness and release atomic
energy.
Before 1939, he said. It was
the accepted belief of sciertists
that It was "theoretically pos
sible" to release atomic eneruv.
But no one then knew any prac
tical way of doing it,' he said.
By 1942, however, Mr. Tru
man continued, "we knew that
the Germans were working fe
verishly to find a way to add
atomic energy to the other en
gines of war with which they
hoped to enslave the world."
"But they failed," Mr. Tru
man said.
The president said that this
final harnessing of atomic ener
gy might be used in the future
to supplement the power that
comes from coal, oil, and water
falls, but said that at present
"it cannot be produced on a basis
to compete with them commer
cially." Before that comes, he said,
there must be "a long period of
Intensive research."
MP KILLED IN CRASH
Camp Beale, Cal., Aug. 6
(U.R) Pvt. Kenneth K. Eubel, 21,
a member of the post military
police section here, was killed
instantly yesterday when the car
in which he was riding overturn
ed on the Marysville-Grass Val
ley highway. -