Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 21, 1942)
PAGE FOTJH MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 21, 1942. MEDFORIVtiWrEIBUKl ETryam ftonthrrp Or Bead lb Mll TriMiM." Dally rtrapl sfctfarttar Publ'arnr1 by MEDPOHl) PRINTING CO. fT.tt Nurtta rtr Phona fl1 ROhKRT W RIIHU C-liior. ERNEST R OIUtTRAP. Hanscar. Aa ndapafanl Nawapapar. Hntarad aarond Kim miliar at W loid. OraBoa. iindar Ad f Mart, t. Ut IJHJWTRIPTtON RATES Br Mall ! Arfvtnca: Dally an Sunday ana faar Dally a1 Sunday montha... I Daily and Sunday alt man t ha... J Da'ty and Bundm- - ihraa mnntha t Daily and Sunday ana month... Ta Bf Tarrtar In Advanca Madford. land, Paniral Pntnl. JaehaonvUla. O"1" Hill. lWua Rl var. Phoantt, Talaal. and aa motor romaa: Daily and Sunday nna fir Dally and Sundy ana month... . All Urmi ta atvania- Official Pap lha CMp MaalfaW Offlrlal Hapr of Jark Canatp UKMHKR OP THP- ASWH'I ATKI fRESS KM-atalRI Full I W'lra arra ?ha AWc-tad Praa. ta aielMi-' nlltUd (o iha ua for publK-ailan of all n. dmya"-ha eradnad ta II or iir.tr waa erdtid to inn papr. and UN ta tna n publihad haralty Ail fichu fr ptibiirallon of paeiai dlptcha harain ara al raaarad. HEUMCR OF UNITED PRESS MEUHRR Or AUDIT HI'REAU OP CIRCULATIONS AdvarllBtns RP"l,,JMf. WKBT-HOI.I.IIIAT COMPANY. IMC Of"". N.w York. Ch.ca.o. glrjjl. San Prannaco. Lot Antai.. S.attlo. Porl.and. St. Lou la, Atlanta. Vancouvar. yaiWnt Oiitlc(f)MiiMi PllltlSHl1l)H$ocUTIH Ye Smudge Pot By Arthur Parry l makinff ready awst? - for another round up of scrap iron for munition needs. Japan got the previous supplies, and will get this one, without the formality of a bill of sale, and personally delivered by the army and the navy, from ea, air and land. The war, it is claimed, will have "a sobering effect" on pri mary election candidates. In stead of cutting the farmer In two, and saving the taxes, they will come out for wringing Hit ler's neck on the courthouse steps, of every county In the state. The mild weather has brought out the equestriennes. One was thrown three mllea west of Phoenix, she reports. This Is fair pitch for a horse, and a long ways for an equestrienne to walk. "WOMAN, HEIR TO 60,000, ACCEPTS IT" (Bed Bluff News Hdline) One can never tell what a member of the fair sex will do on the spur of the moment. OH, WELLI 80 BE ITI (Sheridan Sun) "All the philosophers, poets, scientists of the past ages were building the buds of the flowers that are to be, and that time of blossoming Is near at hand. Life Is the whole, the all. M. Peterson has a cabin for rent." The Civilian Defense plans a campaign against "loose talk. For the sake of efficient results they should concentrate more on the talker who turned It loose, than the "loose talk." One of the Older Girls re rently cleaned up her backyard in the morning, and the bridge game In the afternoon. "Wells-Suver, Jan. 15. (Spl.) A large new house Is being erected on the Fickle farm Just north of the Luckiamute brldce." (Corvallls Gazette Times) Flirting with the fu ture. German generals are dying and undergoing serious opera tions with a regularity that nrnuses the skepticism of Brit ain in particular, and the world in general. There is a well de fined suspicion the sudden de mires are due to lead poison ing. LIKELY IDEA (Chicago Tribunal "I notice that the govern ment has decided to restrict weather forecasts In order to keep information from our enemies. Why not continue to publish them and fool the enemy like they do us?" Sensational rumors relative to conditions on the Pacific Coast pre spreading like prairie fires through the East, after spread ing like forest fires through the West. The Ashland Tidings yes terday notes: "Even some of our own citizens toss out an exag rerated stnry occasionally, seem ing to relish the idea of mak ing themselves appear as mar tyrs to their eatern friends." A sugnr shortage is predicted for the nation by the end of 1942, and may be felt during the home-canning season. The way America runs out of things I: a caution. There is an ample sipply of Hell, but there may be a lark of Hifch Water to go With It. U. S. Victory In South America The surprising thing is not that Argentine and Chile have been reluctant to sign the anti-Axis pact, but that more South American countries have not assumed the same attitude. For the plain truth is, the ica don't LIKE the United They don't like high-powered political pressure, from north of the Rio Grande. And throughout South Axis groups, with considerable economic and polit ical strength, working all the time, to forestall any pro-American entente. i inally there is scarcely with a stable government in the sense the government of the United States is stable. Practically all have strong revolutionary elements within, organized and financed by the Axis powers, and waiting intently for an opportune time to strike. THE apparent success of the anti-Axis pact, there fnra ia milfA ram a rlr a Vila anA a hirrh fastitrmnifll not only to the power exerted over South America by the Roosevelt administration, but the skill with which it has been applied. True that power has been chiefly economic. Money talks, and with the European market out, for the duration, South American countries simply can't afford to break off relations with the United States. Any disposition down there to go over to the Axis, would mean just that Even so, because of the South American allergy to dollar diplomacy, Yankee imperialism and Gringo absence of Latin finesse, had Roosevelt diplomacy not differed radically from the diplomacy of preced ing administrations, this Rio gathering would almost certainly have gone on the rocks ere this. The corner stone of that diplomacy has been the "good neighbor" note, a practical policy of self interest, of course, from the standpoint of the United States and the allied cause, but ENLIGHTENED self-interest, based upon granting real concessions to South America, as well putting both political and genuinely reciprocal basis. IT has taken a considerable time, but at long last the leaders of South America as a whole have be come convinced, that the United States policy is not entirely imperialistic, nor completely selfish. Ihe bread cast upon the by the Roosevelt administration has, after many days, been found at last and at a most opportune time! Hitler Can t Laugh This Off At last Russia has achieved a real victory, which even the resourceful Dr. Goebbels can't laugh off. Mozhaisk, after a 45-day battle, has been recap tured by the Red army, and Stalin thus secures a vitally strategic point, which in all likelihood marks the end of Hitler's Napoleonic effort to knockout Russia on the Eastern front For as long as Moscow and Leningrad are intact, the Soviet government, with its unlimited resources in man power and raw materials, can't be beaten, can't indeed be seriously hurt. And without Mozhaisk, the Germans can't advance toward these two objec tives but must retreat XE don't deny the likelihood the Nazi forces were not so much driven out of this key point, as they voluntarily retired, at least the absence-of Soviet claims in the direction of booty and prisoners indi cates as much. On the other hand, this retirement was NOT volun tary. Such a vital station in the Moscow defense line, would never have been abandoned by Hitler, had his forces in that sector not been outflanked and in danger of being cut off. There is, therefore, no doubt that at the present writing along the Moscow front, the Russians not only have the initiative, but unquestioned superiority in force. MEANWHILE just what Der Reichsfuehrer and " his badly scrambled High Command are up to remains obscure. That something is brewing, and for a long time, has been, is certain. Whether the surprising Russian victories on the Eastern front, have forced Hitler to change his plans of a winter blitzkrieg somewhere to the south, and transfer large bodies of troops back to the Russian front; or whether the blitzkrieg has merely been delayed and may burst out now at any time, with sudden and unexpected force, remains a mystery. Daylight Saving A subscriber asks what we are going to do about daylight saving. Yhat the authorities do, of course. Governor Sprague has decided to proclaim the new ! schedule for the state of ; to see any real advantage to have 1 U systems of daylight prevailing, would be worse. And that would be the only alternative to comply ing with the governor's edict. IJOWEVER, the entire subject appeals to this de partment as a trivial matter one way or the other. All the objections lumped together only come under the general heading of inconvenience. And in convenience, personal or general, with a war on, does not and ehould not count countries of South Amer States. America, there are large a boutn American country, as demanding them; thus commercial affairs on a bouth American waters, Oregon, and while we fail to be derived therefrom. Personal Health Service Br Wlltl.ni Signed letters Dtrtalnlni to personal health and hrllene. not to ansae dlasnosL. er treatment. U1 ha answered by Or. Brad; II a stamped aU addressed ennlup li eneloaed. Letters tfioaM h hnrf and nttea ta Ink Owing to ihe lars nam her at letters received only a tew can be ansaared here. No replr eaa be made ta qaertet not conforming ta liutractlons. Addreas Or. William Brad;, taa Bl Camlna. Bewly Hills, Calif. LORDOSIS. PAUNCH AND BACKACHE The middle aged Individual developing lordosis, paunch and backache or pain in the back i ti may a b t a 1 n I dramatic relief from Guess what. No. No. Oh, no. It Is from I exercise. Now don't blame me. Flabby. This la not my suggestion, al though I think it is an excel- 1 n , T. i. PI- tirmri "'" ' a, statement I quote from an article on Reme dial Exercises published by Dr. Guy H. Fisk In Canadian Med ical Association Journal last February. In case you are not sure Just what lordosis means It ia exag geration of the natural back ward curve (level of shoulder j blades) and forward curve (mid Idle of the back) of the spine, commonly called hollow back or swayback, and often associat j ed with round back or round shoulders, though not always. In some cases of lordosis the upper part of the back and the shoulders are straight and the lower part hollow. Part and parcel of lordosis, In ! the fat or the skinny, is protu-1 berance of the belly. Fundamental cause of the de-1 uiiiutjf id wcaivucss, nmimy aue to neglect of education, physical education, especially in child hood and early youth, the grow ing period. Too often parents, themselves physically uneducat ed, fail to see that children get proper physical training in school, and unfortunately for our future national welfare, the politicians who control the pub lic school system too often re gard physical education with contempt and encourage school boards and faculties to take a similar view of it, so that Ignor ant parents are aided and abet ted by ignorant or Incompetent I teachers and principals, backed by Ignorant (physically untrain ed, that Is) school boards and political bosses all the way to the top. After World War. Part I. there was a half-hearted agita tion for reform in this sadly neglected field of education in the public school system of the country. Now with the develop ment of Part II the Army au thorities are finding the same old deficiencies in the young men physical weaknesses due to neglect of physical training and it Is necessary to devote months of precious time trying News Behind The News by Paul Mallon (Continued From Page Cne) The troops were trained with simulated jungle conditions In China and Indo-China for this purpose. They carried five days of rations, more than European troops have heretofore been able to handle. The sea flank proved even easier for them. Selling numer ous small fishing boats as they progressed, they loaded, say. 50 to 100 mrn in each of the 20 boats and dropped' perhaps 2000 soldiers down the peninsula at niRht Into some bay behind the British fortified line, to cut fires, threaten supplies and create havoc. As a result the Jap Jungle blitz has apparently broken some German records for speed. They supplied themselves by sea on the east coast, unmolest ed except by submarines after the disastrous sinking of the British battleships Prince of Wales and Repulse. Their sup plies on the west coast went down by rail from Bangkok and Indo-China, where they had amassed an abundance before starting the invasion. THE British were outnum bered 4 to 1. and soon saw that valor could not overcome their deficiency in numbers, planes and anti-tank material (including tanks). The Jap medi um and light tanks found the bamboo parts of the Jungle easy going, and small rubber tree plantations no barrier. Selling the local commercial air fields as they advanced, they were al ways able to provide dive bomb ers for use (like the nails) against particularly well defend ed machine-gun or artillery posts at the front. Thus with supremacy of num bers and equipment on land, sea ( eA Brady. M. D. to overcome or correct such de ficiencies by a course of Inten sive physical training after the young men begin military train ing. For this America should be, but probably is not, ashamed. Weakness ia the fundamental cause of lordosis, swayback, hol low back, protuberant belly, round back, round shoulders, whether the deformity ia evi dent In childhood, in the 'teens or in adult life. General weak ness, and especially weakness of abdominal lumbar muscles heavy muscle bundles in front of spine but behind the abdom inal cavity and belly muscles muscle layers In the front wall of the abdominal cavity weakness due to wasting or atrophy from disuse. A well nourished child or -youth who gets proper physical education or training simply does not have such weakness. QUESTIONS ANSHTM Toots. Man! Am suffering from neurltu In back, shoulders and arms. Have heard that 1 os. of prickly aah berries In 1 pint of whiskey. (A. W. L.) Answer Before, you take to drink you should consult a physician. "Neu ritis" la an extremely unlikely ex planation of your trouble. Hernia In response to my request you sent the pamphlet on Hernia and named Dr. here. It took months to get my husband to consult htm. and meanwhile his hemta became worae. Now, after 14 treatments, he Is cured. My husband Is a Dr. Brady fan now. Dr. Is certainly akllful In the Injection treatment. No treatment gare any more discomfort than an ordinary hypodermic Injection would. (Mrs. A. K.) Answer t am glad to send the pamphlet to any reader who asks for It. Inclose stamped envelope bearing your address. If your phyalclan Is not prepared to give the Injection treat ment m be glad to name one who Is If I know of one In your vicinity. Now is the Time to Reduce Come spring I mean to begin a re duction regimen and no fooling. (Mrs. H. A.) Answer Why go on footing until spring? Send twenty-five cents and stamped envelope bearing your ad dress, for "Ruled for Reducing". Cream of Tartar Is cream of tartar oxidised In the body like the citric add In oranges and other citrus fruit, or la It harm ful like vinegar? Is the cream of tar tar sold In tins like apices made from apples or Is It made from something else? (8. A.) Answer It Is not oxidised In the body, but Is often a good remedy to take, as a mild diuretic (Increasing kidney function) and to acidify alka line urine. It Is made from gTpes. from the tartar deposited In the casks when wine Is fermenting. (Copyright 1943. John F. Dtlle Co.) Ed. Note: Person, wishing to communicate wtth Dr. Brady should tend letter direct to nr. William Brady, SI. D !M El Camlno. Beverly Hills. Calif. (east coast) and In the air, they could hardly lose. A fatal British error was their confidence that Thailand would fight and delay the advance until they could bring up suffi cient planes, tanks and troops. As the Australian officials now are shouting, someone In Lon don erred. By the time the error was discovered it was too late to get an appreciable number of bombers to that faraway field (apparently they had a fair num ber of pursuits and even used them as bombers, dumping small bombs over the side by hand In some Instances). . It was Just another ease of "too little and too late." ... TTHE bad news of the Truman committee on aircraft pro duction ("too few planes to allow adequate flying time to our own pilots") came from air craft manufacturers themselves. Chairman Truman blames the variety of designs accepted by the war department. Is trying to get the department to adopt ! a standard pursuit ship, a stand- ard two-engine bomber and i standard four-engine bomber. I ... I "THE official pipeline from Moscow to officials here makes no particular boasts but is very hopeful. One of the out standing achievements of the ! campaign has been unrecorded, j Italy was to have put forces Into Bulgaria and Joined forces with the Bulgarians for a drive at the oil fields, but has backed down since the nail reverses. If the reds can crack the southernmost tip of the nazi line at Taganrog, they expect a nazi withdrawal I from the Black sea area of far- reaching nature. I TOO MANY DUCKS I Melba. Ida. 0J.R) Farmeri charge that an estimated 1.000. 000 ducks passing the winter In Idaho under full protection of the federal and state game laws are eating $2S,000 worth of grain that could be saved for the na tional defense. Officials are in , vestigating. Clcaunc time f-jr Classified At! s. n-ino Late to Claulfj 11 SO p m. Kelly's Comment From Washington. D. C. West Coast Mayors Amazed by Knox Alaskan Fear Raid by Jap Douglas DriVe Goes for Naught By Joha W. Kelly Washington. D. C, Jan. 21. Mayors from the Pacific coast (Portland, T a c o m a, Seattle) blinked their eyes when they heard Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox, standing before a loud-speaker, declare that the west coast will have to wait be fore there Is a navy to defend that section of the United States. The secretary declared to the 200-odd mayors assembled from all parts of the country that the No. 1 enemy If Herr Schickenlgruber; that Hitler must be disposed of first that it will require a long time, and until that is accomplished the Pacific coast people must wait. To a major part of the may ors, coming from the Atlantic, southern and mid-west states, came applause; but none from the west coast officials. The country that the United States is at grips with, the active en emy that has given the United States reversals, is Japan and not Germany. The western mayors had a different view of the picture than Secretary Knox. As they expressed them selves after the Knox talk, they recognize that the Pacific fleet has been severely crippled by the Pearl harbor disaster and that a substantial part of the navy Is In Atlantic waters, and that time is required for the building of new cruisers, de stroyers and submarines; but they did not appreciate the sec retary's statement that the west coast must muddle along until after Herr Hitler had been dis posed of. ANTHONY J. DIMOND, del egate for Alaska, says he is fearful that a renetitinn rtf what tiinnen.it at Pnrl hnrhor may occur in Alaska and that to an parts ot Alaska on the west may be a duplication of the situation at Wake and Ma- nila. The war department treats the territory as an outlying pos session and recently the wives and children of all men In the military and naval services were oraerea irom Alaska to the states, with steamships prac tically taken over hv war snit navy department to get them out. Steamers plying to Alaska nave naa to increase their frelflht and nassenper rate. a. percent because of the high cost ot war insurance. Already, says. Delegate Di mond; the government has ap propriated 1140,000,000 for five air bases and a submarine base; the naval base are r Si.to Kodiak and Dutch Harbor. The late Gen. Billy Mitchell, testi fying before the military af fairs committee In 103. h. clared that whoever holds Alas ka will hold the world, as he regarded it as the most tt-atii place in the world. From Dutch Harbor to Tokyo is 2.500 miles out only 1,730 miles from Attu, the last available place for a take-off for Janan- hut A i. only 635 miles from Japanese territory wnere there is a sub stantial naval and air base. It is assumed that the Jap anese submarines which have been operating off the coasts of Washington and Oregon and near Kodiak island came from the Japanese island of Para mushiru. where the naval and air bases are located, following the great circle route, the tra ditional and shortest from Col umbia river and Puget sound to the orient JUST as a letter writing . palgn was under way promoting .Associate Justice Willi... r Douglas, formerly of Walla Walla and La Grande, to be the one man to mnhiH? arn icas resources and man power, rresinent Koosevelt stopped It In it tracks by naming Donald Nelson to have mmnl.t. .v..-- of production for war. By se lecting ,eison the president also ended criticism due to the fact that neither OPM spajj other agency had authority. j.sum oernara narucn, who was I head of the war ,.. board In the first world war, I down to understrappers there was insistence than someone 'should be vested with power to nave mings done. Wendell Will kie. a strong supporter of the president, had sent out advance rnnle. n( . ...w i . L , ' - i't v .1 in wnicn ne I protested the absence of anvone with authority An hour before the speech was to be delivered 'the president announced Nel sons new job and Willkie had to delete a large portion of his prepared address. The two men who caused the president to make this decision were Winston Churchill. British prime minister, and Lord Beav erbrook, minister of supply. In their days at the Whit House these visitors stressed the im portance of establishing a re sponsible head. Churchill de clared a war cannot be won by commissions, and Beaverbrook outlined to the president what the Job requires. Selection of Nelson is the first step in the organization of a super supply service which will work in close agreement with Beaverbrook and he is reportedly slated to be the head man of this inter national group inasmuch as the United States has the role of providing most of the airplanes, tanks, guns, ships and ammuni tion. It will be Nelson who will tell the various Industries what he wants them to produce and see that production is made; he will designate priorities and allotments he will be "the boss." In The Day's News ; By FRANK JENKINS IN the Pacific war situation to- day (Monday) Singapore is vividly spotlighted. An AP dispatch says: "With the Japanese still ad vancing, Malaya's steaming Jun gle land, which the British had looked upon as a sort of natural Maginot line for Singapore, has taken its place as another out worn defensive concept and the battle for Singapore today be came purely a test of fighting men and their weapons." -- TTHE dispatch adds: "Some of the fiercest hand-to-hand combat in the history of war is in store, if not already in progress, along the narrowing, fluid line of defense in Johore state, well within 100 miles of the pivotal base (Singapore) which the British call their Gibraltar of the Orient." CINCE the remotest times of which we have any record. man has sought an impregnable wall behind which he could hope to be safe. His earliest cities were walled. The Chinese built a vast wall along their whole northern bor der. The French built their Magi not line a wall of forts and guns. But throughout history FIGHTING MEN AND THEIR WEAPONS have provided the ONLY defense that could be permanently relied upon. f ET us note with pardonable " pride that In Luzon MacAr thur and his men DID NOT re tire to the walls and the under ground chambers of Corregidor, but STAYED OUTSIDE and re lied upon their discipline, their fighting skill and their weapons to hold back the Japs. They will fall back to Correg idor only as a last resort. DARRING a miracle, MacAr thur's magnificent stand in Luion can be only a delaying action. Today's dispatches say of It: 'The gallant band of Ameri cans and Filipinos is contribut ing materially to the defense of Singapore and the Dutch East Indies by HOLDING IN CHECK a large army of Japanese on Luion, but these seems no doubt that its situation Is DETERI ORATING." This hard-fighting little army has been forced back 20 miles in two weeks and there are signs today that the Japs are grouping PREPONDERANT strength for a fresh offensive to defeat it as soon as possible and press on to richer fields. ... DUT at least we know these Americans in the far out posts DIDN'T rely upon walls or citadels. History tells us that over the long pull reliance upon walls and citadels and intricate forti fications such as the Maginot line has been a sign of spiritual deterioration of a national in feriority complex. As a nation. China was be coming decadent when she built her Great Wall. As a nation, France was be coming decadent when she built her Maginot line and retired smugly and confidently behind it. AMERICANS, as typified by MacArthur and his tough m little army in Luzon, still choose to FIGHT IT OUT IN THE OPEN in a test of fighting men and their weapons. We are NOT DECADENT. We have what the lesson of history tells us IT TAKES TO SURVIVE. Flight o Time Med ford and Jackson Connfy History from the flies of the Mall Trtnane IS and to years acu. TEN YEARS AGO TODAY January 21. 1932 (It was Wednesday) Dead Indian couple, last seen January 11, believed to have met death in blizzard while on their way home from neighbors. William S. Clarkson Is named new head of airport Relief program for city drawn by civic groups. Hog fuel urged to heat new courthouse as aid to local mills. Council orders one hour park ing limit enforced in business district Warmer with probable rain predicted. High 45, low 25 de grees. TWENTY YEARS AGO TODAY January 21, 1922 (It was Saturday) Pope Benedict passes in Rome. Federal agents claim Oregon is flooded with low grade moon shine. England wants to put end to wars in Europe, and claims Geneva conference on econom ics will be a long step towards peace. Autolst hits and bursts fire hydrant at Main and Grape streets. Sams Valley up in arms over tax increases. Fred Wahl elected president of Riverside Community club. Suit to test legality of state auto license law opens in Jack sonville. Rain falls. High 36, low 30 degrees. Ye Poets Corner REMEMBER PEARL HARBOR Remember Pearl Harbor and go get your gun And help our dear boys get the Japs on the run. Our boys are go-getters and they don't go for fun When they get all the Japs they will go for a Hun. But until they get them swept off the earth, from north to east It's then and then only will we have any peace. Mrs. W. A. Childers, Jacksonville. Just An Old Lady "I'm Just an old lady; can't do very much. But something within me said, 'give Hitler a punch," Tho' it is Japan we will first have to slap. We know they have been riding in Hitler's lap. I've wanted to sign up to do my part. But know my limitations right from the start, And have thought of what others would say Should I put down my name to Join In the fray. I've pondered and pondered, "what can I do?' And have read the news for some sort of clue, Now I have a car which I can drive. To help with it would be my pride. v Then I had some money I had saved for taxes. I thought with glee. I'll make that hurt the axis,' Then down to the post office I did fly For a defense savings bond there did apply. Our hearts will ache when our boys we give. But our land must be kept a fit place to live. For the American children, our pride and Joy, No human on earth will again try to decoy. For Japan sent over a most clever man, To steer us away from their great plan. While we were trying a peace to gain. Our own dear soldiers they were slaying. Mrs. G. E. N. wul tfandi are ' ALWAYS DLT IX FI.0XT! 5o, dn't lt tkna beeon kan-Ii and unlo!? hem tsoo-srworis. trtct nrV. or pUr. L'm Cksinhf-rUm Lotion rrfu'arry. TKli dw. foloen lotto. ort? i wtth aavs.ient qofclcne! and Wp ltrep ywa htneb and tkm toft and allarlntf. ft,.. .. n TIt GnJa Countsrt 1ST liamLer! ains nun
