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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 30, 1938)
LA XT The Weather Forecast Rain tonight snd Thursday, normal temperature. Temperature flighted ytany & Lowest this morning . 4H Start Today Rm BW job ten tat d oah far you ca.-i.ii- aw 4.-.opp;ns. was job may h gresUr sfFeetotse! by Medford 1RIBUNE c:rtn ms& in your cue cr.'-7 In a way. Why r-.o. sm. v- Fall Associated Press rm Waited Frew Thirty-Third Year MEDFORD, OREGOX. WEDNESDAY, XOYEMBER 30, 1038. No, Sli, The Capital Parade By Joseph Alsop and .Robert Kintner Copyright, 1037, by The North American News paper Alliance, Inc. TREASURY ADOPTS BUSINESS POINT OF VIEW OS TAXES UNDER-SECRETARY MANES GROWING IN INFLUENCE BUDGET BALANCING HELD IMPORTANT REVIVAL UNDISTRIBUTED PROFIT LEVY UNLIKELY WASHINGTON, Nov. 30 There has been a highly significant change in the treasury's approach to tax and budget problems. After these last years It may sound Improbable, but the fact cannot be got around there is a now Inclination to consider taxes trom the business man's point of view.' The change is pretty well symbol ized by the withdrawal from the tax field of Treasury General Counsel Herman Oltphant. Oltphant ts an able and fur-sighted man, whose rad ical tendencies have been ridiculous ly exaggerated, but he cannot be called business-minded. In the period of the undistributed profits tax, his influence undoubtedly predominated in the treasury's tax programs. Vet be has had no sort of hand in the elaborate study of the tax structure which treasury experts are now com pleting. Instead, the study's guiding mind baa been that of Under-Secretary John W. Hanes. a considerable bus iness man himself, and the leading exponent of conciliation between business and the New Deal. Since Hanes' transfer to the treasury, he and Ollphant have struck up a warm friendship. There Is no question of rivalry between thera. But, as Sec retary of the Treasury Henry Mor ganthau, Jr., has virtually given Hanes carte blanche, the treasury's approach to tax problems ia bound to reflect Hanes1 opinions rather than Oliphant's. The difference between Hanos' and j Oliphant's opinions is considerable. , Oiiphant, a practicing economist, en- i visions taxation as an Instrument of ! economic change as well as a method I of raising revenue. And he Is not a budget-balancer. Hanes, on the other j hand, regards taxes solely as a way j or getting money for the government. and believes they should be planned, not to reform the working of the economic system, but to interfere with tt as little as possible. Hanes; iixe secretary Morgenthau, very em phatically Is a budget-balancer. He is also a believer in the importance of business confidence. Somewhere in his tobscco-deallng I ancestry, mere must have been & re vivalist strain. He is positively evan gelical on the relationship between hit two cherished projects budget (continued from page four) SLASHER APPEARS IN NEARBY TOWNS HALIFAX. Ensiand, Not. SO. UT"i The menace of razor slashings from phantom assailants slithering through un streets in this toffee and carpet-malting town had spread to other fsnsllah towns todny. At Wlean. 34 miles from Halites, pretty Winifred Walsh. 18. reported she was attacked to her own bark yard by a man who cut a five-inch wound In her left arm. Prom Manchester came the report n-year-oid Marjory Murphy was wounded four times on the arm yesterday by a man who Jumped out of a dark corner with a razor. Another 14-year-old, Ivy Smitha man, staggered fainting Into a candy shop at Brentford, five miles from London and 200 miles south of Hall fax, with blood streaming from 12 cut on her arms which she said were Inflicted by a man who fled as soon as ha had struck her. SIDE GLANCES by TRIBUNE KEP0RTERS Iorothy "Diogenes" IVrl meander ing around town with a lamp under her wing. Karl Blms gettici? ready for the ex pert bowler who'll be at his alleys rridny. Roy D. Craft writinc about the comforts of hotel life in Bend. Hi chard Stuart appearing like ft symphony In Alice blue while strutt ing down the street in a new hooded rain coat. Bud Hayes out strolling aimlessly around Just for the fun or It and perhaps to knock off a bit of aw- 'dupoas. Seas Pound I ff ayw't HMi"i' wpaynaw aaMaaiapaMMiaiwwiwaiMaiis,iii ps eajeaj w;,yaiapssaaaespaa -.t- 111 ' M"3 -i "$m kl'&iWrf&: r 1 ' fie fc ..a.J . . J i . fci2.JLaJ If. .1 i nuaat! !' 111 mm nimniuin Jimmy Valentine, owner of Val entine's cafe, miraculously escaped serious Injury In an accident .this morning which demolished his new Lincoln Zephyr. The car turned over twice snd Mr. Valentine was thrown out during its loops. When he came to his senses he wan sitting in the middle of the highway, unaware of how he got there. The car came to a atop with at! doors closed. Mr. Valentine lost two teeth and suffered a number of bruises. Re ! was treated by a physician here ami was back on the job this afternoon i The accident occurred on the Crater Lake highway about five miles the other eldo of EaeJe Point at 10 a. m. when Mr. Valentine was returning to Medford from hia ranch. A he was driving siong, a cow started across the hSsrhwav. When he tried to avoid hitting the cow, his car skidded. Mr. Valentine was brought to Medford by Bob LaKue. operator of a ser v i ce st a t i on nearby. BEAT JEWISH STUDENTS OF WARSAW UNIVERSITY WAMAW, Nov 30 API Warsaw university wrs closed tonlzlit after sntl-S :nlllc demontratlons In which eleven Jewish students were beaten. Tension has been high at the uni versity ilnce Monday, wnen nsticn-U-Ist students trlrd u put Into effect a "week without Jews," 111 - Fated Mainliner on Rocky Shore (By Associated Press) (Time Is eastern standard) An addition for WABC-CBS at 10 tonight is to be a astute to station WWL. New Orleans, uat opening a new S0,000-watt transmitter. Speak er include Oo. B. W. Incite of l3U Isiana, Mayor Robert D. Maestre of Mew Orleans and Father Harold A. Ouadln. president at toyola univer sity, which owns ths station. Paul Beynaud, French finance min ister, hsa been acheduled for a WEAP NBC talk on "The Internal Situation In Prance" at 8:45 a. m. Thursday from Pari. What to expect Thursday: WEAP KBC S:30, Pan-American congress Interviews. WABC-CBS , national bridge championship; e":5. Joint meeting boards of Methodist bishops. WJZ-NEC 13 noon. Inauguration Herman B. Wetla as president of University of Indiana; 4, livestock show. 4 CHILDREN CREMATED N BURNING OF HOI PETOSKET, Mich., Nov. 30 7P Pour children of Mr. and Mrs. CharJ Bhatt were burned to death In a fir that destroy thr am?! home last night neur Harbor Point. The tie Urns ntng?d In age from sis months to five yesrs. Shag suffered serious burns t tf-ittptUig to ve the rhi'tlren. T.e mvth was absent at iba Urn. REPRIEVE LOOMS FOR BilTE BOYS SACRAMENTO. Cstlf,, K3T. 30. (rT) 0sv. Frank P. Merriam mid today he fees disposed to give another re prieve to John and Coks Brite, con victed Siskiyou county slayers. Although not fully decided, the governor said he lively will grant reprieve, which will fee the sixth, to permit the case to be considered by the new pardon advisory board. "There is a somewhat peculiar ait u&Uos involved. the gswmor said, "The supreme court taies one aide and favors commmatton of sentence to life imprisonment- The present pardon advisory board is opposed. 1 feel disprsed to tats aetion which will put the matter over until th sew board is organised ts see If then? can't be some agreement rea b-d in their views." The Srttes are under sentence to be ivmged at Poisons December 8. 'EMPLOYEES' DEFINED IN RULING BY NLRB WASHIKOTOJ1?, Ko?, 30 U- T5ie national tabor reUttioss board gave a formal definition feay of whom t consider "employe" under terms of the Wagner labw act. It said the a'ts use of the word mesnt "all employ in the con ventional as weii as the legal aei.se escept thw by exprew provision excluded." Th point came up in csc its voCving the octtU Pust Intelligencer. i.i-Mng Us nulla brans mi rtmn.Mg nttt Of gS OH tt flight fH8 MewMW lo mfciand, early yesterday a t'nltwi Alr.lne Mainline crashed inia the j-fa near V&lnt Reyes, tHf and was washed ashore at the sf a tower ing rliff. The atrial vJtw at tp shows the battered wn'tkuge of the tit-fated craft, wings ripped, fuwlaee sniawd and tail gone. Reseiie cww are shown In center struggling up the rtlff fare with 1. ft, Bttrtatelii. one of Hie 1 w mi rv I or. At ( em, ieft iu rifiii: Major Charien mead, pilot, who managed to sfnicsJe safely a.nore, teaartess Vrmm flay, rrar li ra a Surge nck npnr irtwre but was totfr swept into Ihe water and t.isp peatredi Pbtllp Hart of i'urtlanrt, bridge company executive, on? af the five who lost their HveAF lhts by Airmail to Stall Tribe. SHORE Wffil FOR ViCTlMS OF FORCED LANDING PAN FRANCISCO, No. 30.- A score of onaat guardsmen risked life and limb tn a hazardous descent along hundred of feet of roc icy cliff todisy in search of ftvs bodies ot persons lost after a passenger plan made a forced landing n th raging surf 35 miles northwest of the Gold en date. Hh above the water, watchers could see a portion of the plane fusrlsi ail that remained of the United Air Lines atrittser hammered against the rocks and hear the weird crashes as the wsV?s continued their relentless attack, A 50-miie southwest wind and heavy rains whipped the Point Reyes area. The plane's radio gear additional matt and considerable air express were recovered today and hoisted by ropes up the rocisy mountainside. No bodies were sighted. Only two persona survived. Pour men and a pretty young woman met death apparently through atranae hazard to arJstlon perJmps need lessly. Officials gravely studied h queer phenomenon of "too good radio reception which so confused the p!i"t of a Seattle-San Francisco Un J ted Airlines plane he became lost and had to bring ths transport down on the sea when It ran out, of gasoline. One said the phenomenon had oc curred Just three time, and never before had caused mn accident. Added to th grief sf th Un vic tims families was thff knowledge thnt hsd the plane occupant re mained in the e&fcte instead of scrambling to the top sf the fuselage "for safety." they pmbsbly would have reached shore without Injury. The cabin of the wrer&sd and bat tered airliner whs dry when it was flrjiJIjr washed ashore. The pilot and one passenger survived. United Airlines office r parted 89 passengers were flown on ths line yesterday about ait avsmge number. Ho -reservations were eancelied. it was tha first accident on th San Franciaco-Seattle run ts the 10 years of its operation. Two men were thanWnt fate which ke pt t hem away from t he pBt Harry Sugrtrman San Fran cises manufacturers agent, wired bis wife from Portland Mfmday night he was coming home on the p!sne( but a few minutes later earn a second message, saying he learned the air liner might be grounded t Medford by bad weather, and had decided to take the train. Kdwrd Kelson. Chicago aocountart, waited in vain at Sacramento so board tte ship en mute to OaMand, It iver eatns. HEW TOR A. No?. J0W Aasoc Isted Oa Ac Electric Co., one of the largest utility holding systems in the country today snoounced it directors had approved an integration plan whtcU would reduce to 60 or I'M the lt2 subsidiary and affiliated eor irtioD4 la the ajsteta DALAD1F iALTS ! mi STRIKE BY JED MIGHT Walkout In Protest Over De cree Fizzles Quickly j SCO Under Arrest in Paris Industry Continues nv the Awoelatetf A thwarted French geroral strike, tlse slaying of 14 Rumanian fascists, and hew anti-Jew lab measures tn Germany today kept JSircpe la ferment- A mt&f of armed force by the Dftt ller government quickly broke the 24 -hour general uritt called by the general confederation sf labor In protest Bga.nat the premlsr's use of sweeping decree powers orr tabor atid ftnsace. Labor leaders tacitly admitted their strike had fiszled with troops massed ; is main cities to force continued! operation of all public service j particularly railroads and 'utrutles, Fssrists Shot In Rumania Corn 13 u Coderesnu and 3 of his foUowra in the out lawed Iron guard were killed as authorities struck at terrorism they attributed to Codresnu'a organiza tion. As official statement id the 14 men were shot to death; t& they at tempted to escape from a prison near Bucharest where tftay were serving treason sentences. Ths German govermsssfe earned it ftRti-Jewisb campaign a step fur ther with an order empowering po lice to tell Jews whes ihtf may or my hot leave Uetr homs and where they may or may not go. The order was explained as giving backing to a previous decree forbid ding Jews to appear on ths streets December 3, the day of ctionai sol idarity. Chamberlain Qu37.z?l In London the bouse of commons questioned Prime Minister Chamber lain with scant result concerning fata forthcoming visit to Premier Faa Minister Class araasedthe lHwt chamber of depwttes meeting wfVt'-'tiitmi aewlbrt, to tftmxnr of cheertngas he urged recognUlon of Continued on P&gs Eight, LONERGAN STAYS N SPEAKER RAGE FOBTLAKO, Kovt 23 'V Frank X Lonergan, represeBtatlve-eloct ta the third congressional (Muttnamah coimty) district, said yesterday he would continue a fhfc for the post of speaker of the state house of representatives for th i339 session. fesesi etlaod. Cod do o, claimed yeaterdsy to have 35 of $0 repreaent atlve'i votes assured, enough for election. Imergan contended ths third dis trict was entitled to the speakership. He a&M the second district, which Fstland re presents. hd supplied four jspmksrs since IB 23, the first district two snd the third district one. KLAMATH HAS PROBLEM IN WOULD-BE SUICIDE KLAMATH FALLS. W, 30, (APt Hoapttal attendants eatfed police when tj found Fied IKrfbal, 10, whs fes4 been chsiiaS to hit bad, sesroppHng dawn ths corridors tiif gtnit iyd. ball and cnatn behind hint. Boybal had been nt te tha boa p(tl beus h "all from Saw of Wood aTWr having, aesord nt lo Dr. Oeonn t. ler, ateatml hl wrttta and Utmat lth wfatjr mzor blade, thfn awaltsmd the Ha'a now In th ccuntf JU. Business Suffering From False Propaganda, Claim WASHtfv'QTOr, o. 30tPrTtit senate pfH sharing eommittaa heard today a rleoroua derenaai st buainaat ftar a wttnea who said It had been "ptooed ander a ctoad" $f fttfaa prop aganda. f. I, Moaa, president of tha Amsrl ean 8Mb and Door eomtmiy, Kansas Cfty, Mo., told tha eommtttea that during Ms period front (Ml to 1W corpomtlons paid out tiSWO.QOQ.MO fn tow while thelf Bt proflta total ed only w.ooo.000,000, Ths net result of Uift," the gray ttHMtaehed arltneae ehMtsl, "waa the sonfiicaUori of about tWMOOOB -000 tn eapIUI. And B st this time imainaea waa being temtatated from all mtf Moaa said much of the "falsa prup aai&nda against buslnea had been spread in appeals to ro'.rs. "And I am not erttleWng aT oo poUMeai party h nMad, "As far aa I am concerned, onfl la a fuiltf as the ether. "Wot anite," Interjected Senator Vaiwlenlxrg iR-Mieit., wi'.h amiia. Punchboard Fan too Lucky; Owner Calls Policeman TOLEDO, Ore, Nov, API A n?w way to beat the pyiicb boh3 snd get in JalU bWest stty wsa alieged to have been uncovered by author.!!? hre. wbo two men sn-d wnas oo ihargs of obtain iPf valusble rtSe under fas prt?3e4 Police claimed th defraud ed cumber of meresasta by pun-Jhing out several cambers dttrtog wbicb the w.rmlng num bers a'ire noted. Hetursl later, the ttrto made several punches assd produced the winners. What actuatty toappoRed authorities claim, la that the trio forges: the prise numhers on du plicate slips, took the teicJc to ihe boards snd substituted them ff he sumber aetvtaty punched . FIND TRIO GUILT! OF PLOT TO STEAL MILITARY SECRETS NEW YORK, No. 30,-w.i?V-ricb Gla&er, army air corps private, was coovScted is to today wUh recom- mni&t3oQ for clemency oi cocwplr iiig to aea mliitsry sec rats of the United States. The -erd5ct waa retumetf alter pio- iimfed deliberation by a federal court jury which quickiy fiesvsted; rec hairt'd Johanna Hofmatm, Qsrmitt ship hair-dreaser,. end Otto Hennas Vom, airplane mechanic, "Uhoit rec- ommehdftt4tas last midnifht. The maxlrsurft penalty undsr ths C S, code covering espionage is 3Q years la prison. Ertdleettoa of a p;?a for tendency is Olaaer't case waa j?l ?5 a last sight wh?a ttse jury asked Fsdsrai Judge Joha C, Knox whether such a recom mendation would be considered and he rpHed It would. NO. 1 BHD PI m w-nsr SPEED W SIGHTED IN MKSOURi Etcetero BPRrSO", Ho.. Ho. 30-;AP) Chitf of PMm WfflSant A. Psyr.e said a mas d t wtssas awn on tlta atreats bst sarty today Sad iri tdtntiflnt by Jt emvlajt at a, Iwclth resort haw Banny Dtckasn ajtd hla blond wM. t pw- cr.t cmtpSe No. I of tts cr:T, world Fapss aatif the mpO;5 mm& Sen- r.d', was walking towam neaKO rort wnan he noUsast ear parted at Mm eorts with tot wsbus bahted tha wheel and th mm stomped owr it ttt front aa St dirablrd op with pain. Brtfwrtng ttta pair to Is pattaata at tt haaftfc raorl KenneB offered to W '.htm to ti ittssr, sot ttw wotun started tha car us drore away at ttfjrh swrf. Kwnwll aald thm mania ta waa onend wlta a threa r foor-daf growtti at bard and Hoc rilta vera In the baek asat of ttt sar. KMtBrU Mantitted t BtsttOT of Mekaan a tha man m tot the or. L ThursdsT Wefcsm Hoped (rem officers at a Topit, Kaa, Umrfat osnp when sMt find; 48 ahotc at hint. maea than three peraon haw been kidtwnd br th eoopta and police (B MlAlgaa, lllinotc sat Indtana h-s bees on the alert fst them. Sharp Earthquake Felt In San Fran SA! rftASCISCO, Kot. 30. iAPI A hm but brief nrtketttate waa felt In Ban Francises last ntfM oat aswmsM did no danjaga. Dr. Perrr Brerir, mtftt of lWarnl. aeiamoloajat, ld tba nn ijaake occurmi at ;:! p. m. It UjleiS 0 aeeonda. "I agree, aaid caialimaa Berrlnf (0-3.) Hot quite." VaBsanaerg Interrupted tin to say Senator lydlnfa (D-Md.i aid told the aenat iaat sets km mMsasa) bad paid sot .00O.0M.QM boh than tt too is durinf eight year after in. So," tha HIcMitaa er,lor added, "ouatnesai cant always 6 a robber od a. Horse thief." Mam aald b bellawtf tt tm fortuwt many people seSlnrecl that "th mponUona wera rsMrtnaj the public, "I wouldn't want to ke ttnder- storxi," he said, "a oWendlng the acttow of some corporatlona, think tt fcava bad members toetc pa a we have in churches. "Arid in confrraev VMSdembete; brek Is.. Mom tditsseed a p; ti cf profit thr:r;r which ha aM h beUweed. it tmtwaaliy adopted, txmU proWd foe equiUW djattttatttos of protlta. Inereaa productlota, lessen lewsee at Mbsted to labor dlctartancec cut prsdneUott casta, IncmsM pttrcbuiec ocrwv sad bnct aospiojejest. MEDFORD COUPLE RECEIVE INJURIES Hi BUffli HOME Resistance of Mr. amd Mrs. D. A. Coffin Destroyed by Early Morning Fire, Two Children Unharmed a. A. Oolttn waa aewBly tarsaef about tbs bead, arm arstf tegs by -" that earir tbla morning iSestrsfed Isiat Spring attest home, garage o tot SHXiet Frd car. Mz. tMfts bunted t her left foot tat wjbc ablat to corrttasia her teacMss fe tbat goceewlt aebool this morn.'..i. Alt of '.at farntEy' statnlea; 2d1 houseboM gooda. eaeesttnf; a J5ev pteeea o Jtsnttare were aJes destroy ed ts. tta fire. Tit names wer whipped by a. strong wtntf fd the one-eterf ftsmc house was osttefcSw resusetf to a pi-8 of aslsss. Adsen hou.s were sarrd becsuss wind; was biswl sway from the - la Near tSMd Isa was astlmated ar:'-r.d t. OCO, The bouse sisd car were ; r i -e , Mt, Co:T'.n waa takes to ity hospital vherfr hfa suroa wer treated. Ha was able to be about today. Ke and Mrs. C-;?'.a wer burned wben .they tried t ou? the fire o::'. Tl-.eir two TCr ; children. alary Jean and Jerry, who arera as boms, wera sot Isjured. 1bir tlsirel child, .?.:, was Tft5S:.r.g his (rasd fsother A3;, Land. Tba -o ohtldrea spest ra mainder of tba nlgftt at '- - Bearbw. boms M Mr, and F, lUegci. Mr. and IM. CofttB mot th noma at Mr. Coffin's terothsr, a.- H, Fitch, st 5U Maple street. OTssrt Clresit msd Tha fir occurred at 3 ' J t, m. ft was csukoi by a abort eirarit ta th ear wtttafc was ta th aamcrr, Ouef Soy Bitett said. Ths garsgs was 3 Intest part of ths resfdeitss. Beartsc tha ehUdran alUnc toe help, Mr. and Mrs, Mes wer arottard tiras their end Ul phonecl Out fire desartmecrt, A itesi teat crew was dispatch? i . '. tta fir a bad too great a start tor tta firessesi to mam th property. Tbs ttnae was oBtxhtc ttw city limits fa a diatrick w!&oui nydraat aerrtse, . jtj!i b water, flw firemen wen aMc osQf tat stand by, jnufy to protett altar tassea a beat tbey could wf tt tMr Ossisl est equipment, chief BUott aslii. Tb tsmiiy, si rep a !Ee Sims, was areas by the cracklios- numea. a, and art. Coffin tried to jot th firs sot bat it tu aJresdy tarsfsT fiir-LiiiT Mx eecker spaniel dogs Is tts ritt i stent sf ths noma were reseued. At ! '-5 tjjis mom in? tta ciemical crew wsc called to 23 Mnttt aran$ rtrtet to got out s tumny Brsi Ths strwig witsd fscrecaed tb eWm ney inn and cussed tta sect ta ignlta, Cisief mum saM, Ms dcau age was dsns. the rttfef issued a wnrfo foe th esorelac of great csrc itt wstobtsaj ttcinA. heaters and tumsees wbeiserer the Jfir.d tncreaaes beyond normal Teisrtty. ORDER LEW FOR K1UNTLBUDGET An order tor the r.-rj c- the tck ana eotmty IKW budget w0 (w sfgiiesl today by ths budget esBtmiMea, th last formality before . '.; rr. : r. ths doeanent seer to the aaaeaaor. Ths i935 budget esila the rs,s irtg sf is.a for B pmsoaes. which it 5.SiT28 leas tba tast yeat, when It was Tf,JJ. Asisorttc ssproprisd fsr ths esr to in ftstxds tor ths costtog; year arst Oesnst fund. 2.3ii 3; gsiteras road Itatd, (It9jn tsartat rot fund, WJJSO; bridca fand, sSt4 smergency fund. HSvMH coyr.ry if brary, tSM: school job. fiMjMO; stst Uamry fund. U4tK Crater ! 6i'Ci-.n7 bond redemption ftsndl, $& ; Craier Uuts nlajuny bosd anal Bitsnet fund, td.OO. MAYER FOUND G0IL1Y AUTO USH DEATHS Rosntma. or, mt, f jjw Cocrliied lut nlgM by a aCretdt court jury of two tadtettssntc cbara Ing fntuntary msnefaufhtiar, tan&e tam Mayer, eiderty tetttcd bntebsr. st Manhtfeitf. today awv.ed Irssott tish sf ier.ter.sre. Ths per.t.'-T U troos one to M rears is th state pent. tlary. The Jury required spjf o bancs) ta teselt ttnaofstsas dWt after hearing state's witnesses testify task Haysr was drfrlnt his tutofr.ooii at a gh rt of speed soo l a dealt jrrr.t manner prior to s csliislss a which Mr. and Mrs. AB T Itaers e Roseburt were fatally tajws. Oe tober 33. TfOWd. Ma, Mas. Ha- OssUs tsdsy su! snort th career ot tober Sugars tartan. 5 sssocfct pub Usher sf ihe Ttuss Wocid, Onesa selouc stnes h auffereol serebras beraorfr.re jssterdsy, leftoa die Han nwwanui In St. Mart bsatas where f.s bad bsea kt tilt by its itfsg. I , i ,