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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (July 20, 1932)
Medfokd Mail T To Advertisers Ton talct no chances when jou buy A. B. C. Clrculatloa. Th, MaU Trl bun la Medlord'i Only A. B. C Neva pa per. Twenty-Seventh Year MEDFOliD, OREGON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 20, 1932. No. 102. The Weather Foracutt Tonijht ana TUunaai" fair and Hlihtlj warmer. Temperature: Highest yesterday .. m Lowest thla morning SI KIBL NE Comment on the Day's News By FRANK JENKINS. IK THE first aix months of this year, 103 persona were killed In automobile accidents In Oregon. Dur. lng the corresponding period of last year, the number ol latal accidents amounted to 130. The depression seems to be affect ing reckless driving, along with a lot of other things. STILL, the totals are Impressive enough. " During the first half of thla year, as already stated, 103 persons were "killed In automobile accidents In Oregon, and 3,111 were Injured. Dur ing all of last year, 385 persons were killed and S,95 were Injured. Careless driving takes a frightful toll for carelessness, In one form or another, la responsible for most automobile accidents. DRIVERS between the ages of as and 39 were responsible for the largest number of accidents, and those between the ages of 15 and 84 came next. This doesn't mean muoh, however, u by far the largest number ol drivers on the hlghwaya falls within the ages of 25 and 39. A MONO the causes of accidents, disregard of the right of way took the lead, with failure to signal and cutting In coming nert. Dis regard of the right of way, however. Is far out in front. The moral Is this: Keep on your own side of the road. WHILE we are' quoting statistics, the depression appears to have effected another Oregon Industry jkhe divorce Industry. In 1930 Oregon was exceeded In number of dlvoroes per thousand ol population by only two states In the Union Oklahoma and Nevada. But In 1931, Oregon fell from third place in the divorce column to EIGHTH place being exceeded by Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming, Arizona, Nevada, Washington and California. In that one year, our divorce rate per thousand of population fell from 0.95 to 3.60. As we get poorer, apparently, we seek to economise by keeping the asms husbands and wives. Automobile men are telling us It works the same way with cars. WE ARE wicked, you see, when we are prosperous, and as our Incomes begin to fall off we aban don our vices and become virtuous. THERE Is an old saying to the ef fect that every rule has Its ex ception. Nevada provldea the exception to the rule that divorce Is a luxury that people deny themselves In hard times. In Nevada, In 1930. the cU Torce rate per thousand of popula tion waa 28.67 high enough, In all conaclenoe whereaa by 1931, only a year later, It had risen to 57.17. The kind of people who go to Ne vada to get divorced Just HAVE TO HAVE their divorces, good times or bsd. HERE Is a curious thing: In the states west of the Rockies, the divorce rate ' Is mate rially higher than In the states east of the- Rockies so much higher as to challenge immediate attention from everyone reading the figures. What's the matter with us out here In the west? Are we harder to please? Or do we prefer to split up, rather than to fight? SPEAKING oflndustrles, hers Is a new one for Southern Oregon. At the foot of Oreen Springs mountain, Just east of Ashland, they are planning to capture carbonic acid gas escaping from a vent In the earth and manufacture dry Ice from It. They estlmat that gas to the commercial value of 12000 a day is escaping from vents beneath the waters of Emigrant creek. & a f r TOTJ dont keep up with modern progress, you may not know what dry Ice la. It Is Ice made by com pressing gaaea Just as liquid air Is made for laboratory experiments by compressing air. It Is much colder than frown water, Its temperature going down toward 100 degrees below rero, Por that reason, much lesa of It is needed to maintain a given tem perature. IT HAS another 'interesting charac- tertstlc: When It melts, the gas of which BATTLE POLICE AT WHITE HOUSE GATE Leader and Two Others Ar rested After , Scuffle Grounds Closed to Public v Heavy Guard Stationed WASHINGTON. - July 30v (AP) John Face, leader of a radical group with the bonus army, and two ot his followers, were arrested today after a brush with police at 18th and D streets. The radicals, closely surrounded by police, had been walking down 16th street. At D street they at tempted to turn toward the White House. Police promptly turned them back. There was a scuffle, police clubs were brandished. In the air, and Pace and his companions were taken Into custody. Lacking a patrol wagon at the moment, two of them were put In a police touring car and the third was held until the patrol could arrive. Public Barred. Meantime, secret service officers detailed to guard President Hoover ordered the gates to the White House locked to the public. About 150 heavily armed police. some of them with tear gas bombs, were stationed In around the White House. In addition to the police Inside the grounds and the reserves, metro politan and park police were sta tioned at intervals of about 100 feet around the entire 16 acres of the White House grounds. Superintendent of police Pelham D. Glassford ordered Pennsylvania avenue In front of the White House and Lafayette park cleared. Threaten Picket Line. President Hoover today faced a threat that he must call a special session of congress within 24 hours to pay the bonus or the White House will be picketed. The warning came from Urban Ledoux "Mr. Zero." just before Ma jor General Smedley D. Butler ad vised a ragged crowd of veterans at their camp that If they did go home they should work at the polls to "lick the hell out of those who are against you.' . .A .-. PRESIDENT KERR -PORTLAND, Ore., July 20. (;p) Declslon to Invite "certain eastern educators" to come to Oregon to con fer with the state board of higher education regarding the position of chancellor of higher education was announced by the board last night. Following an executive session which ended a two-day meeting, the following statement was Issued, with out comment: The board this evening has directed that certain eastern educators be In vited to visit Oregon In the very near future with regard to the position of chancellor of the Oregon state sys tem of higher education, to give them an opportunity to; become acquainted with the members of ttn board and to Inspect the system." Under a new unified system re cently adopted, all the Institutions of higher education In the state University of Oregon, Oregon State college and three Normal schools will be under the direction of one chancellor, responsible only to the board. There will be a president, or lieutenant, on each campus, respon sibel to the chancellor. The board's statement apparently ended a movement to have Dr. W. J. Kerr, president of Oregon State col lege, selected for the new post. 1.1 Killed In Smaxhup. MEXICO CITY, July 20. (AP) Fifteen persons were killed and a score Injured today when a train bound In from Laredo struck a crowded street car in the suburb of Tacuba. Dollar-a-Bushel Grain Is Chorus From Dakota TOLNA. N. n July 20. yp) Across the fertile prairies of North Dakota, expected to produce one -sixth of the nation's wheat output this year, to day is heard a crescendo chorus "Hold the grain for one dollar a bushel.- And If sponsors are successful, the cry will bw. taken up throughout the United States. Dell Willis, Tolna farmer, la chair man of the organizaton which has stirred the farmers in more than 400 North Dakota townships to pledge holding their wheat, effective August 1, unit and until the dollar level Is reached. "Thla period of low prices finally has brought us to a position where it Is either sink or swim," Will's said. "Now let us get together and put a fair price on our product. We !11 set the price and hold our wheat , U&U1 w tt our pries." BASEBALL RESULTS American R. K. E. Cleveland 8 12 1 Boston 17 3 Batteries: Harder and Sewell; Kline, Jablonowskl, Gallagher and Tate. R. H. E. Chicago . 3 6 1 New York 7 12 0 Batteries: Paber and Qrube, Berry; Allen and Jorgens. R. H. E. St. Louis Philadelphia 6 11 1 8 18 1 Batteries: Gray and Ferrell; Grove snd Cochrane. R. H. E. Detroit 18 1 Washington 4 8 2 Batteries: Sorrell and Haywortb; Brown and Berg. National. R. H. E. Philadelphia 6 13 0 Pittsburg 2 6 1 Batteries: Holley and V. Davis: Melne, Spencer and Grace. R. H. e. New York 8 14 1 Chicago 17 1 Batteries: Hubbell and Hogan. O'Farrell; Grimes, May, Smith and Hartnett. CITY WILL SHARE WAGE OF LEADER FOR JB RELIEF The city council in regular meet ing last night voted to appoprlate to the Medford Association of the Unemployed $75 a month, for a period not to extend beyond December 31 of this year, for hiring of an execu tive to act an leader of the plan, recently outlined by the unemployed In an attempt to create employment for themselves. The executive will ac. ta an agent through which all labor scrip will pass. He will be held responsible for the laborer' fulfillment of his con tract between the would-be workers and firms and producers from w.hom they anticipate receipt of products and services auch as light and water. J. c. Barnes, spokesman of the un employed association, was present and thanked, the .council, for the ap propriation and the understanding attitude of the group. It is probable that funds will be solicited from other sources to bring the salary of fered the manager of the plan to a sum to be considered by an experi enced man. John P. Lawrence, local jeweler, ap peared before the city dads to ask that some action be taken to prevent wood salesmen obstructing the view of his and other shops and thus In terfering with trade on Fir street. The matter had already been con sidered by the council and referred to the license and public safety com mittee. No action was taken regarding the resignation of Olen Arnsplger from the water board. The resignation was held until next meeting of the coun cil when, the mayor stated, a suc cessor will be named. (Continued on Page Eight) PAGE MRJIPLEY! AKRON, Ohio, July 20, (AP) A salary and wage Increase plan effect ive as of July 1 and calculated to restore to all employes the 20 per cent cut from wagea last January waa announced today by W. G. Klauss, president of the India Tire it Rubber Co. "The plan contemplates adding to the wage and salary checks during the last six months of the fiscal year a sufficient amount to enable all employes to recover the pay they were deprived of by taking the cut," Klauss said, following a meeting of the board of directors. Last Steel In Soon. PORTLAND, July 20. The last pound of steel used In the new Federal building here will be placed Thursday morning, and at noon the American flag Will be unfurled above me top most Deams. Organizations are perfected along township lines. As producers sign an agreement, it la deposited with the township board. Certain farmers are designated to see the pledge la ad hered to. "We will hold our wheat until there is a demand for It at the set price of one dollar per buihel, and then we will sell only 10 per cent in one month, ' Willis continued. "This wl make an orderly marketing system. He said th tIftn, launched here lesa than a week ago, has been en' thuAlasttcally received. The agreed price will be based on Winnipeg quotations, which yester day ranged from 53 i to 68 cent per bushel. The dollar will be for the best wheat, with discounts for lower grades. Federal estimates as of July 1 gave North Dakota an Indicated wheat pro duction of 124.000,000 bushels and a SAVional tctai Qf 737,QC:,(X;Q bWhejfc; Old-Time Military Precision Shown in Effort to Bring Order Berlin, Braden burfl Under Firm Hand BERLIN. July 20. (p The Ger man government, with old-time mili tary precision, moved swiftly this morning to establish a virtual dicta torship over the huge state of Prus sia and to clamp down martial law on the city of Berlin and the province of Bradenburg. The first action was taken under au emergency decree issued by Presi dent Paul Von Hlndenburg thla morn ing. It followed critical pressure up on the government to stop the po litical riots which have taken a toll of more than 100 dead and 1200 In jured in the last three weeks. Chancellor Franz Von Papen was appointed commissioner of Prussia and Lord Mayor Franz Bracht of Es sen waa named the chancellor's as sistant and given the dictatorial power. In Von Papen 's name. The decree of martial law was Is sued when Karl Severing. Prussian minister of Interior, declined to ac cept the president's first emergency decree as binding and declared he would yield only to force. General Gerd Von Rundstedt, commander of the third Relchswehr (army) district was placed In charge of Berlin and Bradenburg under the martial law order. He was also given command of all police forces In this area. Chancellor Von Papen decided, for the present at least, to remove only Premier Braun and Herr Severing from the Prussian ministry, leaving the rest of the members of the state cabinet In office as his deputies. FRANCHISE VOTED MARSHFIELD, Ore., July 20. (AP) Final approval of the new 20-year power franchise with the Mountain States Power company was given by the Marshfleld city council last night, marking the conclusion of a long se ries of-meetings which began in Jan uary at the expiration of the old franchise. The new arrangement calls for pay ment of 2 per cent of the gross earn-! ings of the company's property with In Marshfleld for the first three years, 2 per cent for the next four yeara, and 3 per cent for the last 13 yeara of the agreement. The average payment for the 20 year period is approximately 2.75 per cent. The city at first demanded 8 per cent of the gross earnings for the entire period. SCOTT SUCCESSOR PORTLAND. Ore.. July 30. (AP) Bids on six Oregon highway projects, amounting to 907,850. were opened by the state highway commission here today. E. B. Aldrlch, commis sioner from Pendleton, presided- at the meeting. Carl Waahburne, Eu gene member, attended. No succes sor to Chairman Leslie M. Scott, re signed, has been appointed. In the highway appropriation bill recently passed by congress provision Is made for increasing the federal aid mileage of states from seven to eight per cent of their state mileage pro vided that their federal aid system Is SO per cent completed. Oregon now has a federal aid mile age of 2027.8 miles outside of federal reservations. The Increase to 8 per cent will add about 420 mltcs. It la yet to be determined whether the Oregon system Is 00 per cent com pleted. Hungry Youth Is Killed By Train VALLEJO, Csl.. July 20. (AP) Veral Shelley, 20, of Portland. Ore., died here today after an operation made necessary when his legs were crushed by a freight train from which he fell at Sulsan. Doctors at the Solano county hospital said Shel ley was weak from having had In sufficient food for several days. 13 POLICEMEN INDICTED ' IN THIRD DEGREE DEATH MINEOLA. K. T., Julf 20. (AP) Warrant! war Issued tor 13 county policemen today in connection with tha death of Hyman Stark, a pris oner, after lengthy police "ques tlonlnft" four of tha warrants charged aecond degree murder. The officer, charged with aecond degree murder ara Lieutenant Jease Mayforth and Sergeanta Leah Pear tall, Harry Zander, and Charlea Weeaer. All thirteen policemen were charged with conaplray to obstruct Juatice and aeren of them were charged with aecond degree aaaault. Deputy Police Chief Prank Tappen waa named In two warrant,, once for neglect of duty and again aa having been aa accetaoy to aba beating PATMAN ADDRESSES CALIFORNIA BONUS MARCHERS A'sooitttd PrtM Photo New demands were made for cash bonus payments when California veterans arrived In Washing ton. Representative Patman .of Texas (with hand outstretched), author of ths bonus bill. Is shown ad dressing them as 4hey gathered on the steps, of ths capltoL ROME. July 20. (VP) Dlno Grand! , Italian foreign minister, resigned to day in a far-reaching cabinet shake Up ordered by Premier Mussolini. Five ministers and 11 undersecre taries were displaced In the ahakeup Mussolini retained for himself two cr the vacated portfolios. The 'constituted the first changes in the cabinet since September, 1920. The shakeup was regarded as another "rotation" t bring new blood Into the government without any change of policy. The five ministers who resigned were Grandl, Alfredo Rocco, minister of Justice; Antonio Mosconl, minister of finance; Prof. Balbino Glullano. minister of education, and Giuseppe Bottal, minister of corporations. Mussolini, who already waa minis ter of Interior as well as premier, kept for himself the ministries of foreign affairs and corporations.. ENSIGN PACK TO POCATELLO POST PORTLAND, Ore., July 20. (AP) -Changes In Salvation Army person nel in several Oregon stations were announced here Tuesday by the di visional headquarters of the army, which supervises Oregon and south em Idaho. The transfers will be made within two weeks. Among the changes announced were the following: Capt. and Mrs. F. L. Jeffries, Portland to La Grande; Capt. and Mrs. S. L. Trangmoe, from Baker to Portland; Capt. and Mrs. H. Aro, from Oregon City to Baker; Adjt, and Mrs. H. Brlggs from Twin Falls, Idaho, to Oregon City; Capt. and Mrs. H. Galaheu, from Idaho Falls to Medford; Lieut Evelyn Ktd neigh, from Medford to San Fran cisco, as San Francisco Evangeline; Capt. and Mrs. C. Logan, from La Grande to Sterling, Colo.; Ensign and Mrs. J. Pack, from Medford to Po catello. T CORVALLIS. July 20 (yp Pacific Coast states will produce close to 75 per cent of the nation's pear crop this year, Instead of the usual half, on the basis of information gathered by the United States department of agriculture and Oregon State col lege. A review issued today said that the total crop of the country Is estimated at only 21.503,000 bushels, which is about 2.000,000 under last year, but slightly above the harvested average for flvn yeara. California already Is sending Bartletta to New York, where early prloeii for all grades average around 12.60. of Btark, which cauaed hla death. All 13 were arreated In tha court' room where a John Doe hearing Into tha slaying waa In progreaa. They wera turned over to the aherlff, who waa Instructed to treat them Juit like any other prlaonera. The men charged with aecond degree aaaault are Detective Pat' rick Htanley, Marcel Chagnon, George Hutchlaon, Thomaa Bonanza, and Joseph Hyaerukl and patrolmen Lanla Ray and Harry Llljegren. DetectlY Hyaenakl la the eon of Mrs. Valeria Hyzenakl. who was aa eaulted by four robbera who entered her borne and beat her unconacloua when they four! only four dollsra Htark and three otr1, were arreated last Friday and dtark died ot fractured larynx late tbT nigtl, Coast Weather Will Be Shown Daily In Tribune In the dally meteorological re port published In the Mall Trib une, minimum and maximum temperatures, precipitation and the state of weather for Eureka, Cal., and Marshfleld, Ore., will ap pear daily, starting Thursday, through co-operation of W. J. Hutchison, meteorologist at the government weather bureau here. The data on these two coast cities will take the place on the re ports of Boston, Mass., and Wash ington, D. C. This new service Is being added by the Mall Tribune for the bene fit of local people planning trips to the coast. No observation sta tions are maintained at Crescent City and Bandon, so reports from the two nearest cities, Eureka and Marshfleld, will be used. TWENTY DIE AS NEATH HOT RAYS (By the Associated Press) A torrid sun scythed through the land with full-strength harvest-time heat yesterday, gathering nearly two- score victims. Relief was predlctea m some of the sweltering regions today but the middle west wilted under a continu ance of the blistering blasts. That section led in fatalities yes terday. Seven deaths were attrib uted to the heat In the Chicago area, where the maximum waa 97. Mil waukee, Wis., with the hottest July 10 in its history at 08, reported three deaths. Detroit's warmest weather this year brought three heat deaths and six drownings, with no relief in alght. Valentine, Neb., staggered under an official maximum of 104; Flndlay, O., and Kokomo, Ind., had 103 each; and temperatures of 100 were re ported In many other middle west communities. The east lost Its comfortable weath er and as the mercury climbed in hitherto cool New England, seven drownings swelled the nation's death list. The Pacific coast continued serene with normal wather. 63 SEEK JANITOR JOB AT To date, 63 applicants have filed applications with the county court for appointment as Janitor of the new county courthouse. All sections of the county are represented on the list. No appointment will be made until late In August. The county court at Its regular session today, transacted only rou tine business. Commlsloner Victor PAOE ONE WAOES 4 Burse 11 was absent. Hint Canada May Break United States Trade Tie By Frank I. TTeller (Associated Press Farm Editor) OTTAWA, Ont., July 30. (P) An Inference that the British empire trade conference, which opens tomor row, might prove a means for Canada to "break away from the Influence of tha United Btatet" was plumped Into tha taps of the empire delegates today. Stanley M. Bruce, former premier of Australia, stabbed through tha mar of predictions of success that resound through the corridors where tha conference la talked to place-In blunt words a question uppermost In all minds. ' "Will a coheslva trade policy with in tha unlta of the British empire be purchased," he asked, "at the cost of American commercial relations with Canada? NOT GUILTY PLEA HADE BY BATES . F. A. Bates, the aged Gold Hill miner, Indicted by the last grand Jury for alleged threat to commit a felony, was arraigned before Circuit Judge H. D. Norton this morning and entered a plea of not guilty. No date for trial waa sct, but It will probably be at the fall term of court. Bates la at liberty on bonds provided by his daughter, Mrs. Margaret Lund of Gold Hill and It. A. Banks, or chardlat. Bates waa represented In court by Attorney M. O. Wilkins of Ashland, whd last week anrounced his Intentions to be an Independent candlda to for district attorney in the fall. The Indictment against Bates al leges that the aged miner threatened to shoot a mine worker during the course of a dispute last winter. The case waa one of those cited during the May primary campaign, aa "a miscarriage of Justice, and "breakdown of law and order In Jackson county." It has been of high interest In the Gold Hill dls trlct for several months. Two hear- Ings of fhe case were held In the Gold H1U Justice court. After the second Bates went to kin In Wash ington state. He returned shortly after the Indictment was returned. TOTAL SUM FOR ROSEBURO, Ore., July 3.- (API The total sum of $3,000,000 author ized 9y congress for constructing the Pacific northwest national soldiers' home at Rose burg has been appropri ated, according to a message received here today from Congressman W. C. Hawley. The Initial appropriation was $1,000,000, to which the veterans' bureau added $200,000 for building a bridge and beautifying the grounds. The Independent office bill, recently approved by the president, Congress man Hawley states, contains the ap propriation of the additional $1,000, 000, which can be expended at the discretion of the federal board of hos pitalization as demand arises. 1755 BUILDINGS According to figures compiled by the assessor's office there are 1755 houses and buildings, business and residential, In the city of Ashland. The data was gathered by the state tax commission in Its rearrangement of the tax schedules, and each rhouse or structure has Its "sound value" and Its 1033 assessed valuation, and the 1033 assessment will be based upon the two sets of figures. Data on the number of buildings In thla city will not be available for a week or ten days. It la, however, estimated by Assessor J. B, Coleman that there are between 4500 and 6000 structures In the corporate limits. Referring to tha United States, Canada's beat customer, as a "major problem," Bruce said: "There is always that tendency to be absorbed by a bigger country, This ought to be Canada's chance to break away." The Canadians, although they are prepared to open the conference to morrow with a proposal for an econo mic alignment of one-third of the earth's population and one-fourth of Its known land surface against the remainder, seemed unprepared for the bluntnass of Bruce. Hla pronouncement carried tham back to 1011 When the Canadian con servatives cried their fears of annexa tion over tha efforts of tha Taft ad ministration to institute reciprocal trade bet weep tha Vetted, States apd L CITY'S PAYROLL; Saving of $1062 Monthly Made On Recommenda tion Citizens Committee All Departments Affected In line with the recently adopted city program, aimed to adjust ex pcr.d:turss to a depression budtjet, report of the citizens' committee, recommending a saving of 91,002.75 a month in the administration of city government, through reductions of salaries and elimination of several names from the payroll, was pre sented at the meeting of the city council last night and adopted with a few revisions. The reductions will become effective August 1. The recommendations provide ad ditional and almost drastic economies in view of the fact that reductions of 10 and 15 per cent in salaries of city employes were adopted by the coun cil a short time ago. Under the new schedule the chief of the fire department, formerly re ceiving 170 a month, will receive $150. The complete saving through reductions In his department will amount to 98. Police Pay Slashed. In the police department the chiefs salary will be reduced from 1170 to . $150, and all other policemen's sal aries will be placed at $100. In ad dition to this decrease, the committee recommended elimination of the Jan itor and Officer Bloom, effecting a saving in the department of $239.35. The council decided to shift tha working hours to provide part time employment for all the officers, in preference to putting one off the payroll. Payment of city funds to the office of police Judge was also decreased from $45 a month to $25. In the building and light depart ment elimination of Frank Rogera was recommended by the cUiaena1 committee, but action waa taken by the council to retain Mr. Rogera at a salary of $85. He baa been receiv ing $170. Other savings In thla department, amounting to $100.35, were recom mended by the committee. In tha street department the superintend ent's salary was cut from $233.75 a month to $200. Foreman - Leal la Scheffel was eliminated, and all other salaries reduced to amount to a sav ing of $410.35. Eliminate Stenographer. (Continued on Page Eight) E I NEWPORT, Ore., July 30. (fl) Ernest Sande, 30. of MolaUa, drowned, and two companions were rescued in an exhausted condition when tha three were caught In a swift under tow while bathing at Ocean lake to day. Mis Lena Dropp of Roy, Ore and Maurice Bmlth of Ocean Laka were aaved by spectators. William Praeler of Ocean Lake res cued tha girl, but waa unable to make a aecond trip to help Sande, who waa caught In tha turning tide. Smith made several futile attempts to assist his companions and nar rowly missed death himself, Limit On Cannon Caliber Wanted ' GENEVA, July 30 (AP) Tha gen eral commission of th world dis armament conference today received from a sub-committee the draft of a declaration to be adopted before ad journment. At the last minute there) was written In a clause providing that all heavy land guns or calibres between certain limits shall be limit ed In number. WILL- ROGERS fsays; BEVERLY HILLS, Cal., July 19. Well congress adjourned but they went down appropri ating and omo of them are go ing to find in November that they ' have just appropriated themselves out of a job. They killed the sales tx now what alibi are they going to offer of thatt Iff proving a life-saver for Mississippi. They keep building mors roads, certainly not for the au tomobilistsj guess it's just to provide room for folks "thumbing" their way some where. Americans used to use their forefinger to "point with pride." Now it's their thumbs to register hope. ost'ii nntohi attwi -f--