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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 22, 1931)
edford Mail Tribune To Subscribers If your Mall Tribune IB not deliv ered to you promptly. Telephone ?A. Office open until 7 every evening. Pleaie call us before that time and copy will be delivered to your borne Twenty-Sixth Year MEDFORD, OREGON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1931. . No. 181. PROFESSOR HELD IN WIFE'S DEATH F Popular F rail E Comment on the Day's News IB DUE INTERNAL STRIFE TO BE REOPENED; LATE ON FRIDAY TO FACE The Weather Forecast: Tonight and Wednesday fair. Moderate temperature. Temperature Highest yesterday .... 78 Lowest this morning'. 39 M J 1 i k t 'i' i 4 By FRANK JENKINS TP HERE la startling news In the pa- pers these days from England. Here, In a tew words, Is the meaning of this news: England, Intensely proud of having been always solvent, la taking steps to REMAIN solvent. QREMIEB MacDONALD made a speech the other day that waa re ported by one of the American news reels. Vou may have seen, and heard. It. He held up an envolope, pretty well covered with stamps, and said, In substance: "Here Is a letter mailed In Germany at the height of the In flation that followed the war. The value of the stamps on Unexpressed In terms of our money. Is about THREE 'THOUSAND MILLION pounds." The English pound, as you, know, Is about five, dollars in American money. M MULTIPLY three thousand million by five dollars and you will get an idea of the worthlcssness of Ger man money at the height of the In flation, because this vast sum, ex pressed In paper marks, was neces sary Just to carry a letter. Premier MacDonald. added: "We don't want tojee OUR money depre dated In any such way. That Is why we are doing .what Is being done In. order to balance the budget." OALANCINO the budget", Is a - term used extensively by fin anciers and statesmen. It means, re duced to common, ordinary terms that all of us can understand, taking In in taxes as much money as Is spent for government. Germany, after the war, -didn't do that! First she borrowed to make up the deficit. Then she began to Issue , paper money without gold back of It. The Inflation that destroyed the value of the German mark followed. ENGLAND, also,' has been spending more than she has been taking In, and so far she, too; has been borrow ing to meet the deficit. Her finan ciers and her statesmen realize that this can't go on Indefinitely without disaster. So they are taking steps to balance the budget, which means pending less and taxing more. The moves of the past few days, which are drawing big headlines In the papers, are designed to prevent more gold from being sent out of England. Sending gold out of Eng land endangers the value of English paper money. ENGLAND has been sick for a long time, and so far she has been dosing herself with nostrums. Now she has called In the doctors, and they are taking heroic measures to restore her to health. It is these he roic measures that are making the big headlines. HERE In this happy country, we think taxes are high. We dont know anything about high taxes. In the United States, a single man with an Income of 11800 a year pays a federal tax of 13.38. In England, single man with an Income of a 1800 pays a government Income tax of S353.S0. In this country, a married man with two children and an Income of $5000 a year pays a federal Income tax of (13.38. In England a married man with two children and an In come of (500 a year pays a govern ment Income tax of (068.50. THESE figures Vve some idea of what the English are doing In the way of levying taxes to meet the ccet of government. They help to ex- (Continued on Page Two) Today's BASEBALL American. H. K. 10 1 St. Louis . Boston Blaeholder and Bengough; Oastou. Moore and Connolly. R. H. 3 7 7 11 Chicago Washington , ruber, Thomas. Bowler and Oarrlty; Fischer and Spencer, Bolton. R. H. E. Detroit Philadelphia 15- 8 ', 8 8 0 Herring, Sullivan, Koenlg and Rue.; Earnshaw, Mahaffey and Palmlsann. R. H. E. 8 10 1 Pittsburgh Philadelphia 2 5 3 (Thirteen Innings.) Bolen, Dudley. Collins and Davis, alcCurdy; Mela and, Finney. Disbarred Attorney Must Undergo Three-Year Pro bationary Period Under Supreme Court Order SALEM. Ore., Sept, 22. (AP) Thomas Mannlx, Portland attorney who waa disbarred last year, was to day re-admitted to the Oregon bar by the supreme court. The rein statement carries a three-year pro bationary clause. Mannlx waa dis barred In May, 1930, at the same time similar action was taken against the late Senator George W. Joseph. Mannlx presented a petition bear ing the namea of 407 attorneys In his request for reinstatement. The brief statement handed down by the supreme court In readmitting Mannlx -fellows: "This matter coming before us upon the application of Thomas Mannlx for re-admlsslon to the ranks of lawyers. It Is hereby ordered that the said Thomas Mannlx be condi tionally readmitted upon probation for three years. "When three years and such furth er time as may be necessary shall have expired within which the con duct of the applicant has assured the court that he will thereafter comply In full with the code of ethics of practicing lawyers, he may apply for full admission." Mannlx was disbarred May 27, 1930, on charges of unethical con,, duct In misleading the court In the case Involving the Wemme estate. Mannlx represented the foreign heirs and August Wemme in attacking the will. He was also charged with pass ing worthless checks. , TF i PENDLETON, Ore., Sept. 22. (AP) Fall was ushered in here last night with the first freezing temperature of the season: The temperature dropped to 32 de grees after a day In which the maxi mum was around 70. - Today was fair and cool with no Indication of rain now badly needed by ranchers who will soon complete their fall seeding. EUGENE, Ore., Sept. 22. (AP) Eugene experienced a heavy fog and frost here last night when the tem perature dropped to 30 degrees, the lowest mark reached since May 27. The frost did little damage. Sisters Meet Here After Separation of Many Years Two sisters whom she had not seen since 1876 the year she was married arrived In Medford on the Shasta today from San Francisco, to visit Mrs. Emily Countz. They were Mrs. Annie Stlnebaugh and Miss Corrllta Jones. All three of the women are widows, and Mrs. Countz could not recall the name of Cor ilia since her marriage. Having lived m California all of har life, Mrs. Stlnebaugh was quite thrill ed on her first trip out of the south ern state, which was also her first ride on the railway. EIGHTEEN DROWN IN NORTH SEA DISASTER NORDERNEY, Germany, Sept. 23. (AP) Eighteen person were believed to have been lost last night when the excursion motor boat Annie Marie sank during a squall In the North Sea. One survivor swam Into Memmert and brought news of the accident. Heed Cons Lands. MAJ-SH FIELD, Ore., Sept. 22 (AP) Twelve hundred acres of burned over land logged land near Coqullle la being seeded from the air this week. Dr. O E. Low and William Richardson, In their own airplane, expect to complete the work In a few days. The property Is owned by J. E. Ford. 4 OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) Setting a precedent In the Insurance Industry, the Oklahoma insurance board has ruled that only persons who depend upon sale of policies for a livelihood will be entitled to do business In this state. Traveling Salesman ' Is Revealed as Prince DES MOINES. Ia. Sept. 22. (AP) Charles Dawson, posing as a travel ing salesman, visited In Des Moines last week. He danced with several . girls at n exclusive club. He golfed In se lect circles, but did no defeat bis opponents too badly. Handsome and fluent of speech with an Oxford accent, Dawson was the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Bohen ,and Robert da Buiseeret, employe Associated Press Photo Ellsha Kent Kane, Tennessee professor, was held without ball at Hampton, Va., white authorities Investigated the death of his wife, Mrs. Jenny Graham Kane, who died from drowning while the two were swimming In Chesapeake bay. Kane refused to comment on the case further than to sav he expect d absolute vindication. E L HE TELLS CAPTOR CROWN POINT, Ind.. Sept. 33. (AP) A fifteen-year-old high school boy, P&rry Swank, Jr., confessed last night, Sheriff Roy Roily said, that he killed a former town marshal 01 Lowell, Ind., . and then went to church. Eugene Duckworth, who for 20 years was a town marshal, but who lately ran an oil filling atatlon at Lowell, was the victim. Young Perry, a sophomore, with dark, curly hair, was quoted by the sheriff who arrested him at nis home, as saying that he had "a little kick out of that murders "I i wouldn't have shot, but he lunged at me to get my gun," Young Perry said. I took 0 in . mus from his pocket, locked up the fill ing station. turned out the lights and went home." Then he went to church. ( The boy's teachers described him as an average student. 1 OF L SALEM, Sept. aa. (AP) A com plete survey of the unemployed sit uation In Oregon Is being conducted bv J. M. Devers, attorney for the state highway commission, upon the suggestion of Governor Julius b. Meier, It was announced here today. Devers has been in touch with many of the county committees, recently appointed by the governor, and will complete his survey In about two weeks. Immediate action In handling the affairs In each county has been urged by Devers In communication with the county committees, In which he has pointed out steps for securing fuel and foodstuffs for many of the needy. The state highway commis sion will use the survey figures as a basis for employment on emergency highway contracts. It was Indicated. Coast Conditions Better Than East WASHINOTON, Sept. 33. (AP) Secretary Wilbur returned to Wash ington today bringing a cheerful pic ture of general conditions In the western states where he spent the summer. He said conditions as a whole were distinctly better than In the east and the world wide depression had exert ed little hardship on the westerners. AMERICA'S GOLD STOCK SUFFERS SUDDEN DROP NEW YORK, Sept. 33. (AP) The United Ststes monetary gold stock has taken a sudden drop of 109.- 100.000 It was revested by the federal reserve bank today, which announced that this amount of metal had been set aside for foreign account, al though not actually exported as yet. 1 WASHINGTON, Sept. 33. (AP) President Hoover today appointed Ezra P. Monson register of lend of fice at Blackfoot, Idaho. of a publishing firm. He left later for Washington. Yesterday, however, there waa per turbation among those with whom he played golf. Hearts fluttered thst last week were calm. For. much as In a fairy story. Dawson today waa revealed as Charles. Prince of Belgium. Count of Flanders, second son of Albert 1. The prince has been touring America incognito with Count Fran- cols de Brutssret, secretary in tlr Belgian embassy la Washington, E IN FLOOD NANKING, China, Sept. 33, (API Col. and Mrs. Charles A. Lind bergh landed on Lotus lake here at 8 p m. today after a seven and one half hour survey flight over the flood region In northern Klangau province. They discovered a badly flooded area heretofore unknown to - the National Food Relief commission. As during yesterday'a flight, which covered territory east of the canal. Mrs. Lindbergh was at the controls of the big monoplane throughout most of today's long, arduous swing. Lindbergh photographed and mapped an area covering 8000 square mues, Lindbergh said the flood waters were recodlng over much of the territory surveyed -today. ... He laid he and Mrs. Lindbergh were deeply moved at the pathetlo sight of reiu gees still clinging to the roofs of their poor homes, with water lap ping at the eaves and no means of escape or communication with the outside although many were near the railway zone. 4 PORTLAND. Sept. 31. (AP) On a self-appointed campaign to break up lottery operations in Portland i. a. Sandblast, attorney, announced to day he would "break every gambling house In the city.' Last night he left his business cards with a score of lottery houses. The cards were accompanied by the threat that he was out to break the "racket" and would turn all Infor mation he could gather over to the police. First 100 Years Not the Hardest, Says Woman 106 NEW LEXINGTON, Ohio, Sept. 33 (AP) President Hoover remuraeu Mrs. Susan Palmer Kennedy that to- riv wm her 106th birthday anni versary. The nresldent's congratula tory message came wun aimimr greetings from Governor oeorge whltji nf Ohio. "I might have forgotten all about It." she said. "Had so many of them, you know, and don't let any one tell you the first 100 years are the hardest." FINAL OREGON PRODUCTS DRIVE PLANS THURSDAY SALEM. Sept. 33. (AP) Final plans for the Oregon products cam paign in the state will be made by the executive committee of the slate-wide organization In Portland next Thursday It was announced to day by R. B. Bain, president The meeting was called for Thursday morning, and olllclals expected the remainder of the day would be re quired to work out the complete program. CHARLES A. STEPHENS, CHILDS AUTHOR, DIES NORWAY. Me. Sept. 33, (AP) Chsrles Anbury Stephens, author of Juvenile stories and books, died at his home hen esrly today at the age of 86. He was on the staff of the Youth's companion for more than 40 years. retiring from active work about a year ago because of ill health. PILOT AND PASSENGER ARE KILLED IN CRASH LEAVENWORTH, Kan.. Sept. 32. (AP) Andrew Kelson of Chicago, pilot, and Charles W. Shuhr of Los Angeles, his passenger, were killed today when a plane of the Nevlo Air Transport company of Chicago crashed In a field near Walluls, In 4 Leavenworth county. Change Ships at Sea to Complete Trip to America Experiences Waiting Rescue Yet- to Be Told S. S. STAYENOERFJ ORD, by Radio to the Associated Press, Sept. 32. (AP) Willy Body, Christian Johans son and Fernando Costa Vlega, trans- Atlantlo airmen who we're picked up off -the Newfoundland coast by the motorshlp Belmoira, were taken on board this vessel today and will ar rive In New York Friday afternoon. HALIFAX, N. S, Sept. 33. (AP) Safe after six days and nights on the stormy Atlantic, three men who tried to fly from Lisbon to New York without a stop were wonder ing today where fate would drop them next. Willy Rody and Christian Johans son. Germans. ' and Fernando Costa Vlega, Portuguese, who flew out of Portugal a week ago Sunday morning and had not been seen since the sfternoon of September 14, were fished out of the ocean yesterday by the crew of the Norwegian motorshlp Belmoira, about 80 miles off Cape Pine on the Newfoundland coast. Terse wireless messages said they had been brought aboard after the wreckage of their airplane had been sighted. ' Vlega was said to have an Injured leg. Had Little rood. In the absence of more complete Information, aviation circles were speculating as to what must have been the filers' experiences during their 148 hours at the mercy oi wind and waves. When they left they had only a few aandwlchcs and three loaves of bread all of which must have long since been exhausted. The airmen left a flying field near Lisbon early Sunday and were next sighted over the Azores about noon. They swooped over the steamer Pennland the following aiiernoon, about 80 miles southwest of Cape Race and headed In the direction of New York, approximately 1000 miles to the south. They were not heard from again. Kin surprised. - In Baden Rody's mother had all but given him up for dead and could only offer thanks to provi dence. His sister, Anna, said, "When the news came I nearly fainted." Frauleln Erna Gaubenhelm, his 34-year-old fiancee, wept with Joy. In Hamburg jonanssen. wo io-vear-old son were overwhelmed h the news of his safety. A steady stresm of visitors lnvsded their lit tle home to tender congratulations. In Copenhagen Johanssen's mother refused to be amazed because she had believed all the time1 that his luck would pull him through. The message came Just as his father was about to go to tne nospu.ni iur operation. I DAILEY GETS BUCK WITH EASE The fact that James Dailey, well known orchard man, has an uncanny way of landing a nice fat buck with seemingly unearthly skill in marks- manahlp and remarkable signt, irom the same draw or other place he gets them on a slope of Roxy Ann the first day of the hunting season each year, after being gone but an hour or so, riles his friends to desperation. "Oh hum," said Jim at his home on Capitol hill as he reached for his rifle or other weapon he slays aeor with, last Sunday morning after eat ing a good breakfast and picking his teeth, "guess I'll go out and get me a deer. Season opens todsy." Then he Just as leisurely wslked away and disappeared, climbing up a slope of Roxy Ann. "Bangl" was heard a rifle dis charge soon after, and Jim was seen approaching home a short time later with a fat 310 pound deer or may be It waa a 110 pound one. One cannot believe everything he hears in these fishing and hunting times. Mr. Dailey has gotten a deer on Roxy Ann the first day of each hunt ing season for 13 yesrs or more. Optimism Needed If Prosperity to Return Is Belief BOSTON, Sept. 33. (AP) William R. Castle Jr., under secretary of state, believes that optimism Is the greatest single force necessary to bring about a general economic re vival. He spoke today before a luncheon given by the Advertising club of Boston. "In a time of depression," he said, "people who ait down with long faoes and wonder what other people can do to help them, become them selves responsible for. the continua tion of the depression." KLAMATH STORE MAN MUST GO TO PRISON KLAMATH FALLS, Sept. 32 (AP) W. C. MaeRea, former store man ager here, was sentenced to five years In prison yesterday upon con vlctlon on a forgery charge. His wife of several montha became hysterical when eaatenr was pnmounoed, National Government Is Pre pared for Final and Su preme Struggle if League of Nations Appeal Fails (By the Associated Press) Civil war and Internal strife were laid aside and peace between oppos ing factions appeared near In China as the League of Nations called upon Japan and China today to withdraw troops from the disputed area. While the league was acting on a Chinese appeal for intervention In tie Manchurlan controversy, which has resulted In scores of deaths from clashes between Japanese and Chi nese troops, peace proclamations be tween Chinese factions appeared near. Prepared For Struggle Chiang-Kai-Shek, president of the Nationalist government, told a Nan king mass meeting that "all Internal dissension must cense" and that the National government Is prepared for a final and supreme struggle If the League of Nations and Kellogg paot signatories fall to uphold Justice." Leaders of the Insurgent govern ment at Canton issued a proclama tion peace would be made with the Nationalist government in order that a "united China" might "deal with Japan." At Geneva spokesmen for the two nations were summoned by the coun cil to consider means of withdraw ing troops without danger to life and property. The action followed a Japanese promise that the nation would abide by the league covenant and the Kellogg pact. . STUDENTS SELECT REPRESENTATIVES Representatives for the term were selooted today by the three classes at the senior high school from the Girls' League, to form the council for that organization, -t ,--.-. Dorothy Daniels and BUlle Ham- mett were named seniors counsel lors, Betty Steunett, Frances Arns plger, Juniors, and Bethel Slagle, Barbara Schmidt, sophomores. Plans were also discussed for the social calendar for the year. Associated Boys conducted a meet ing today, and voted that members of the Tiger Guard should pay one half of the cost of sweaters and emblems, which are worn by the group. Big Steel Firms Will Cut Wages First of Month NEW YORK. Sept. 33. (AP) The United States Steel Corporation to day announced a wage reduction of approximately 10 per cent, effective October 1. Wall street estimated that the eut would reduce the corpora tion's expenses about $35,000,000 an nually. YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio, Sept. 33 The Youngstown dheet and Tube Co. today announced that It would follow U. S. Steel Corporation's example In reducing wages 10 per cent. It was expected that other independent steel companies would make similar an nouncements by bomorrow. Bookkeeper Slain By Negro Bandits PAIltBURN, Oa., Sept. 23, (AP) Charles M. Curran, 35, an accountant of Jacksonville, Pi a., was beaten to death on a lonely country road near here last night. His wife, Mrs. Romle Curran, 30. was found bound and gagged near the body this morning. She. told authorities two negroes killed Curran after robbing them of about $300 and then tied her. Dancing of Nudes Brings L. A. Raid LOS ANGELES, Sept. 32 (AP) Police raided a hall early today where nude girls were dancing and alleged Indecent motion pictures were being shown and herded 109 persons to Jail where they were held under $000 ball pending arraignment later today. Alfred Earl, alleged or ganteer of the show, was charged with conducting a lewd performance. Business Is Improving in Smaller Coast Cities SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 33. (AP) Moderate Increases In trade activ ity appeared here and there through out the Pacific coast area, except around Los Angeles, during the last week, Bradstreet said today. Pick-up of business In the large trade centers waa Interpreted by John C. Stanton, manager of the San Francisco office, to Indicate a comparatively normal trsde in th smaller outlying cities. The weekly survey, however, covered only the five outstanding trade centers of the ooaet. 4 if 4 1114 .V, W v f 1 f 1 1L if ' 1 Associated Press Photo A tweed sports ensemble In brown toea contrasting with a smart widely belted tunlo of chamois with nipper oloslng and deep pockets, such as shown here, has been popu lar In fall showlnos. FARMERS REFUSE TESTS FOR COWS; SOLDIERS CALLED - TIPTON, . Iowa, Sept. 22. (AP) The militia was : called upon today to enforce vth6' state's1 bovine com pulsory tuberculin test law. Hurriedly mobilized members of the National Guard numbering near ly 2,000 began arriving on special trains as a result of a disturbance yesterday In which 200 Cedar coun ty farmers rebelled against 66 sher lfrs deputies who accompanied two veterinarians In an attempt to en force . the law. . When the deputies arrived In auto mobiles at the farm of Jacon Len ker, the farmers greeted them with a barrage of mud and rocks. Sev eral windows In the officers' auto mobiles were bcoken. One of the deputies was puefted Into the mud as he stepped from his car. The officers then withdrew from the scene and Sheriff Foster Maxon ap pealed to James E. Rlsden of the state department of Investigation asserting the situation was beyond his control. Adjutant General W. H. Bailey said that martial law would be declared In the entire county as soon as the troops had established their head quarters. At the same time Gover nor Dan Turner, who authorised the mobilization, said he would return to Iowa from Washington without delay to wage a campaign for en forcement of the law. He waa in Washington at the time when the disturbance occurred In the Interest of farm relief. KLAMATH YOUTH LOST WHILE HUNTING DEER KLAMATH FALLS. Ore., Sept. 23 (AP) No trace had been found to day of George Rhoades, 16,' who dis appeared yesterday while hunting deer In the hills near hers. An all night search was conducted for the youth, and at dawn today the hunt was resumed. Young Rhoades was hunting with his father, A. M. Rhoades. They become separated but the elder Rhoades assumed the boy would make his own way to the camp. Searchers started out when he did not return at night. Orrgun Weather Fair tonight and Wednesday; mod erate temperature; moderate east and northeast winds offshore. San Francisco's report was In some respecu typical of the coast. New fall mere hand Ue was found to be meeting increased demand. Reflec tion of seasonal influences was found to speed up Industrial activ ity somewhat. Spokane had a rather encouraging report, ahowlng provision Unas mov ing quite freely. Portland shipping and train busi ness benefitted from the demand of China for wheat. Seattle found trade dragging, though the depart ment stores noted Improvement. Brokers See Depreciation of Sterling As Opportunity for Better Prices Finan cial Experts Voice Hopes LONDON, Sept. 33. (AP) The London Stock Exchange will reopon tomorrow, It was officially announced! this afternoon. The committee reached Its decision after a lengthy session In which sev eral prominent dealers and brokers were consulted. Stock brokers favored a resumption of business and saw In the deprecia tion of sterling an opportunity for better prices for securities and In dustrial shares. PARIS, Sept. 33. (AP) The first shock of Great Britain's suspension of the gold standard was wearing off today and optimism on the future of International finance was beginning to assert itself. Technical writers considered that Great Britain had suffered a hard blow but would re cover rapidly without great trouble to the rest of Europe. WASHINGTON, Sept. 22. (AP) The American government regards Great Britain's temporary suspension of the gold standard as likely to im prove economlo conditions In England and elsewhere In the world. This was made clear today In high est quarters. The position was taken that the actual suspension could not be re garded as serious as had been the constant possibility of action. NEW YORK, Sept. 32. (AP) Professor Edwin R. A. Sellgman, Inter nationally known economist of Co lumbia university, thinks the sus pension of the gold standard by Great Britain will stimulate Industry. "The new law Is an act of wisdom and statesmanship." said Dr. Sellg man. "Far from being a declaration of bankruptcy. It Is an evidence of the determination to grapple with an actual situation. "England's embarrassments are dif ferent from those of any other coun tries. In England the people are rich, the government la poorv . The government Is poor, not because the people are poor, but because of the Inequalities In the tapping of the national resources." HI. TO CONDUCT REVIVAL IN BOSTON PORTLAND, Ore., Boot. S3, (API Atmeo Sempla McPherson-Hutton, famous evdngellst, announced here today she will conduct a nine-day revival campaign In Boston begin ning October 10. ana said she had reached an agree. ment with Richard Q, Dunn, man ager of the Boston Madison Square Garden, whereby she will rent tha.i 20,000-seat auditorium for ten days. A free-win offering will be taken. Portland Cinches Legion Convention DETROIT, Sept. VXr-(AP) Port land, Ore., apparently was assured the 1033 convention of the Ameri can Legion with announcement by the time and place committee today . that It had voted to recommend that city as the meeting place for next year. The choice was without op position in the committee.. Escapes Ice Clutch POINT BARROW, Alaska, Sept. 32. (AP) The Hudson's Bay company trading steamer Baychlmo, which for several days had been in danger oi being crushed and beached, today escaped the clutches of the Arctic Ice pack and headed southeast along the coast to safety. rf 1 ii n n ROGERS BEVERLY HILLS, Sept. 22. Something happened to Eng land's gold vtnndnrd. I don't know any more about it than a prominent man knowfl about relieving depression. I know you ean't get any gold out of the Bank of England even with a check from tho King indors ed by Gandhi. We got all the gold over here and look how pretty we are sitting. "Yeahl" It looks )ike the financial giants of the world have bungled as much as the diplomats and pol iticians. This would be a great time in the world for some man to come along that knew some thing. ism Minus- '