Medford mail tribune., December 13, 1923, Page 1, Image 1

nn
1RIBUNE
Weather Year Ago
Maximum 4M
Minimum 37
pally Eighteenth Tear.
MEDFORD. OREGON, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1923
NO. 226
Weekly Ml
Fifty-Third Tear.
The Weather
Prediction Ituln
Maximum yesterday ;)
Minimum today 8-1
Precipitation ...oa
MEDFORD
MAIL
WORKERS IN
VALLEY HELD
IN BONDAGE
Sensational Report From San
Francisco Says That Armed
Medford Rancher Is Holding
Emigrants Here As Slaves
One Man Escapes With
I'iiold Rancher's Name.
,. SAN FRANCISCO, Dec. 13. A
charge that a rancher five miles from
Medford, Oregon, Is holding a number
of Immigrants In absolute bondage and
ie compelling thorn to work for him
self and others without ,pay under
threat of death, was made to the Cali
fornia state Immigration and housing
commission hore today by Theodore
Kauhausen, a glazier, who Bald he es
caped after being "hire out" by the
rancher to a glas establishment in
Medford. The name of the rancher Is
being withheld.
1 The commission is preparing to
take the matter up with the proper
Oregon offclals and the federal immi
gration bureau.
Accorolng to Kauhausen, who is now
employed hero, he came from Ger
many several months ago with his
brothers-in-law, Karl and Alvln Stedcr.
16 and 17 years old respectively and
all were given employment by 'he
rancher. The man, heavily armed,
guarded them closely and brutally
abused them and other immigrants
there, he said.
Kauhausen said that he was finally
"hired out to the Modford glazier and
that hie wages were all appropriated
by, the rancher. Many others have
been similarly bound ou. ho said.
Kauhausen managed ' to secret . one
month's wagos and' flea Id this city.
The rancher puts Ills victims under
a five year servitude absolutely with
out, pay- or roturn 'Of - any .kind. In
order to work his ranch and to exact
money from those that he "farms
out" elsewhere, Kauhausen said.
The above dispatch was received at
3 p. m., too late for any local investi
gation of tho report. As far as known
no rumors of such a strange case have
ever been reported to local police.
SOLDIERS7 BONUS
DIM I NT DOW
UILL
WASHINGTON, Dec. 13. The sol
.41.,.. .......... 1111 u.hlrth nfiRnpH rnneress
ultl uuiimo ,jii .....-. i ...
lastyearand was vetoed by
nmuillfS w 11 . , - -
Renresentative McKenzle. republican,
Illinois, at the request of republican
veterans in the house. It carries only
minor changes from the original bill.
ORDER FIRST AUDIT
BASEBALL, 20 YEARS
CHICAGO, Dec. 13. (By the As
sociated Press) The National Asso
ciation of Professional Baseball clubs,
the minors' Joint organization, voted
late today to instruct Chairman John
H. Farrell of the association to pre
pare a complete audit of the associa
tion's books as proposed by President
Charles H. strubo of ,the San Fran
cisco club.
It is said tho association's books
have not been audited for twenty
years or more. .
FORD TO BE NOMINATED PRESIDENT
WHETHER HE WANTS TO BE OR NOT
LANSLNG, Mich., Dec. 13. A
nominating petition to place tho name
of Henry Ford on the democrat bat
lot in the preferential presidential
primaries next April was filed in the
secretary of state's office today by
James W. Helme, democrat,
of
Adrian. Tho petition carries
signatures, the requirement
100.
107
being
DETROIT, Dec. 13. 4Henry Ford
will be nominated for president,
whether he desire to be or not. It
was unanimously decided at a meet
ing here last night at which a na
tional Ford-for-presldcnt club was or
ganized by a iioore of supporters of
the automobile manufacturer who
Lord Douglas Sent
To Prison for Libel
On Winston Churchill
LONDON, Deo. 13. (ny the
Associated Press.) Lord Alfred
Douglas, son of the Into Mar-
quls of Quoonsberry was found
guilty by a Jury in Old Bailey to-
day of criminal libel upon Win-
ston Churchill, former first lord
of the admiralty, by his publica-
tion of the statement that Mr.
Churchill Issued a false commu-
nique after the battle of Jutland
4- for the purpose of Influencing
tho stock market.
Lord Alfred was sentenced to
six months In prison, at the ex-
piration of which ho must find a
surety to keep tho poace, particu-
lary toward Mr. Churchill. Fail-
Ing to find surety he must un-
dnrgo six months more Imprison-
ment.
E
BY
CHICAGO POLICE
CHICAGO, Dec. 13. Promotion
schemes involving nearly $5,000,000
and covering a period of more than
ten years were disclosed yesterday by
States Attorney Robert M. Crowe
after a raid on the offices of Leo
Koretz, an attorney for whom a
nation-wide search Is being made.
Friends and relatives of Koretz
said by the prosecutor to have been
Inrltirnrl hv hfm to invent several mil-
. m j ii . ,u t rjt,roB
Hons of dollars in the Bayano River j
Trust company of Panama, organized j
In 1911, huvo loarned the company
was a myth and its holdings In Pan
ama, organized In 1911, represented
as producing 260.000 barrels of oil
per day, jiever existed, according to
Investigators.
The iast traco of Koretz was a week
ago when he loft a New York hotol
after sending back to his office here I
lewelrv valued at 75.000, seized In
the raid and sending home all the
clothing he had taken with him when
he left Chicago. Letters from steam
I ship companies found In his office
have led authorities tq believe he is
enroute to tho canal zone. South
! America or Prague Bohemia whore
! he is said to have many relatlvos.
Books and records taken by Investl
gntors in the downtown suite of of-
fires of Koretz and In another office
suite he maintained at the Drake
hotel have dlHdosed, according to
Prosecutor Crowe that investors In
Koretz's projects were numberod
among prominent and wealthy Chica
goans. From his own Invalid mother,
Mr. Crowe said, Koretz obtainod
$46,000, one wealthy Chicago man
whoBO name was withheld invested
J200.000 and others put in sums rang
, m tonnn t linn nnn
,,"L"";'U!,Ied was the momoter that
none ever Investigated the 6.000.000
acres of timber land, represented as
owned by the Bayano Hlver Trust
company.
Koretz Is married and has two chil
dren. A Bmall safe In one of Koretz's of
fices contained nothing but a few
worthless papers when opened by po
lice. Tho vault in tho office however,
held two hundred bottles of various
kinds of choice liquors.
The long roll of names believed to
have been Koretz' "sucker list" con
tained the name of Harry Rosen
haupt, Spokane, Wash.
Heavy Snow Walla Walla.
WALLA WALLA, Wnsh., Dec. IS.
Shortly after noon today snow began
falling here in earnest with every in
dication of a real mantle of white
being laid over southeastern Wash
ington. Farmers state they would
prefer a good snow prior to any heavy
freeze while townspeople have been
hoping for a "white ChrlstmaB."
here regardless of the fact that a
Ford-for-president meeting at- which
they were delegatos, had been called
off. The group Is meeting today.
, After Robert R. Pointer of De
troit, who cancelled plans for the
nronosed conference here at tho re
nuest of Mr. Ford, had refused to
serve, Roy E. Harrop of Omaha, was
elected president of the club. After
tho meeting it was announced that no
nlans had been made as to now mr,
Ford would be nominated, or whether
he would be nominated on the demo
cratic or a third party ticket.
we want Henrv Ford for presl
dent and we are going ahead and
draft him if he does not come out
and lead the way himself by a decla
ration," Mr. Harrop said.
SWINDLE
UNEARTHED
A BATTLE TO
DECISION IN
MEXICO NEAR
Reports Indicate Control of
Mexico Will Be Decided By
Battle On Vera Cruz Front
Both Sides Rushing Up
Troops Flores Supports
Obregon.
MEXICO CITY, Tec. 13. (By As
sociated Press). It is generally felt
here that a decisive battle between
the Sanchez forces and the troops
loyal to President Obregon will be
fought on the Vera Cruz front near
where Carranza was defeated by San
chez In 1919.
The government continues to con
centrate soldiers in that district to
oppose the advance of the rebels.
President Obregon has rejected the
mediation offer of General Angel
Flores, governor of Sinaloa, asserting
that the question between the govern
ment and the insurgents has become
military , rather than political lnas
much as the rebel leaders are army
men who have failed in their military
duties.
Big Battle Imminent
VEJIA CRUZ, Dec. 13. (By Asso
elated Press). Newspaper correapon
dents accompanying the rebel armies
in their advance on Mexico City, tele
graphed early this morning that the
situation in the state of Pueblo was
unchanged but that a battle appar
ently was imminent.
The main body of tho Insurgent
troops has joined the advance guard
and the rebel's are now entrenched In
ft Hne that rung from Esperanza north
W08t to oriental, 35 miles and thence
weRt to Apizaco. 30 miles.
Tho Obregon forces are at San
Andres, 30 miles north of Oriental,
where Generals Topote and Almazan
have about 1000 man.
At Tohuacan, 36 miles south of
Esperanza, Generals Barbesa and
Lechuga have a Blmllar number of
troops and at San Marcos, forty miles
wo8t of g&n An(lreBi tno loyalists have
another body of troops. It is evi
dently the aim of tho Obregon forces
to prevent the Esperanza and Oriental
rebel columns from meeting at San
Marcos, where the Mexican and Inter
oceanic railroads cross each other.
It is between these points, suroly,"
wires one correspondent, "that the
deciding battle for tho possession of
Mexico City will be fought."
The insurgents at Oriental sent out
an exploration train which after pro
ceeding about 26 kilometers encoun
tered a similar train manned Dy
Obregon troops. The latter withdrew
and when the rebels pursued they
found that the tracks had been torn
up for a distance of four milometers.
Flores. 8upports Obregon
JUAREZ, Mexico, Dec. 13. (By .the
Associated Press.) The Mexican au
thorities here today declared that the
announcement that General Angel
Flores, constitutional governor of Sin
aloa had temporarily abandoned his
presidential campaign to resume
charge of state affairs and had tele
graphed President Obregon that ho
would remain loyal to the government,
was the moBt Important news that had
come from the west coast of Mexico
since the beginning of the revolution.
Verification of the report that
Flores intends to fight for the Obre
gon government was receiveu in a
telegram to Consul General E. D. Ruiz
from Consul J. Terrozas at Nogalos,
Ariz.
The message from Terrazas declar
ed that the entire west coast includ
ing Tepee, Nayarit Is quiet and that
Tepee had not been captured by rebels
as reported.
In this connection officers of tho
Southern Pacific railway of Mexico in
Nogales, have received a telegram
from the Utah Construction company
which is building an extension of the
line in Tepee saying that the work is
going ahead without Interruption. -
The execution at Guayahas of Gen
eral Frultoso Mendez, Yaqul Indian
chief, charged with leading a plot to
incite an uprising among the Qaquls
in Sinaloa and Sonora and of an un
named rebel leader at Tepee by federal
forces was reported In advices re
ceived at Nogales. ,
Colonel Rosas, commander at Mata-
moroB, has sent troops toward San
Fernando to reconnolter the position
of Colonel Ouajarado who Is reported
in command of about 200 -Irregulars
oouth of Matamoros according to re
ports from .Brownsville. The regular
troops protecting the port of Pledras
Ncgras have! been reinforced by a
trainload of federal soldiers and Gen
eral Alberto Guajardo Is recruiting
two regiments under orders of the
central government
Obretron In Command.
ANTONIO. Texas, Dec.
SAN
13.
(Continued on Page Six)
HE'S THE "BABY" OF
THE 68T1I CONGRESS
Representative Lister Hill, of Ala
bama, who Is 28 years old, claiming
tho distinction of iielng tho youngest
representative In tho 68th session of
tho house of representatives.
PIERCE GIVES
FIRST PAH
10
SALEM, Ore., Deo. 13. For the first
tlmo since he came Into office, Govern
or Pierce today extended executive
clomoncy to a man who had taken life.
He granted a conditional pardon to)
Charles W. Purdin, convicted In Mult
nomah county of killing his wife and a
stranger whom he found tobother In
his home. At the time It was pointed
out that Purdin did not know his wife
wag then divorced.
Purdin, it was said, has been in the
prison hospital most of the time since
he was received , .hpro on - March 8,
iaa. - ,
HYPNOTIC EYE
IS BLAMED FOR
YOUTH'S CRIME
COQUILLE, Ore., Dec. 13. That Al
ton Covell, aged 18, who was placed on
trial today for the murder of his step
mother, Mrs. Ebba Covell at Bandon,
was not mentally developed more than
a nine year old child and consequently
not responsible for his acts was out
lined as his principal defense by Grant
Corby, his attorney, in the opening
statement today.
The attorney bIbo contended that
Arthur Covell, the boy'B uncle who Ib
under death sentence In connection
with the same case had Alton absolute
ly under his power.
District Attorney Flaher In his open
ing statement declarod the state would
urovo that the crlmo was long premed
Hated and that night after night Al
ton Covell anil Arthur Covell plotted
the murdor. Most of the witnesses
who testified In Arthur Covell's trial
will testify in Alton's case.
PARIS. Dec. 1.1. tUy the Asso
ciated Press) The : German govern
ment today officially nnnounced its
Intention to Initiate direct negotia
tions with the French concerning the
Rhlneland and tho Ruhr, according to
a Havas dlBpatch from Berlin.
T
TUCSON. Ariz., Deo. 13. Richard
Hughes, chief special agent' of the
Southern Pacific of the Tucson di
vision, is in Mexico on the trail of the
three men believed to be those who
held up a train at Klaklyou. Ore.,
October 11, it was announced from
the railroad's office hero.
Fresno Itanrhcr Burned to Death
FRESNO, Dec. 13. Trapped in a
flaming room early- this morning.
Louie Ocosovlch was burned to death
In a ranch house near here. Other
members of the family made their
escape through windows in their
night clothes.
xii
MURDERER
IIPESI IS
AROUSED BY
SANITY TEST
Folsom Prison Warden Is Cen
tral Figure in Row Over
Spinal Fluid Test Given to
Alex Kels, Lodi Murderer
When He Was Committed
. to Prison.
SACRAMENTO, Cel., Dec. 13. The
question of the sanity of Alex A.
Kels, Lodt hutchor awaiting execution
In FolBom prison for the murder of
Ed Moservey, today Uoveloped a tem
pest in which Warden J. J. Smith be
came the central figure and likely to
have its climax tomorrow when the
state board of prison directors meets
at (he prison.
The spinal fluid tost, requested by
the family of the condemned man as
slop toward proving him Insane and
refusod by Warden Smith week ago
unless ordered by a court, had already
been made at the time the quest was
filed and refusod, the warden "revealed
last night In an announcement that
the result of the examination proved
Kels to be sano.
Judge C. 10. McLaughlin, president
of the stato board of prison directors,
asked today whether this test would
be the equivalent of one made at the
direction of a court, answered abso
the board '
lutely not, and declared
would go Into tho case fully at tomor-
row's mooting whon tho report of the!l"rum was not prosent and that all
tost Is formally presented by the
dcn.
The tout was made, Smith announc-
ed on October 1?, the day Kels arrlv-i
ed at the prison", -by the prlson " physi -
emu, J.T. .JUiiu ivtiKmn. oiiuvuiiau
of the fluid was sent to the labora-!
lorv nf the University of California
for analysis and a roport poturned last,
' i
mu . o.ik an id
llltS 1V1JU1L, Olllllll UUIillllCU nriui - -
there was no ovldonce of blood taint California where lie had been on a
in Kels and thus eliminated tho ssl- mission for President Obregon. ac
blllty of establishing Insanity from cording to advices rccoivod in official
this, cause. Tho test Is one which is
made on ovory prisoner as he arrives,
said Smith. "It Is exactly the same
kind of tost tho Kels poople requested
and which I refused to have made. It
Is not a conclusive tout so far as the
subject's Banlty Is concornod. Doo-
tors admit that."
ARKANSAS ARE
INDICTED FOR FRAUD
TEXARKANA. Ark.. Dec. 13.
Twenty-two alleged promoters of oil
stock enterprises In the south Arkan
sas field were under Indictment In tho
federal district court hero on charges
of using the malls to defraud while
announcement wan awaited of addi
tional indictments which wore expect
ed to bring the total numbor of defen
dants to more than 100.
' In mlx'lndlctmonts roturnod yester
day containing 49 counts alleging
fraud and one charging conspiracy, 13
defendants wero named. They wore
Morton Howard (Pat) Marr, one of
tho biggest oil stock company opera
tors In the southwest; Robert David
Kcrchaval, Roy A. J. Cox, Samuel E
Davis, the American Trust company,
Reginald C. Houston (two Indict
ments); Henri O. Fleaher. Hub Ma
son, H. A. Marshall, Louis S. Orlmm,
Thomas J. Ryan, W. B. Duff and
Irving Simons.
Nino other defendants who were
not named In the Indictments an
nounced yesterday and eomo of whom
are not yet In custody, have made
bond on oil fraud charges. -
WASHINGTON. Dee. 13. Preal-
dent Coolldge was quoted by visitor
today as having Informed a delegation
of northwestorn llvostock men that he
would approve an amendment to the
packor control act which would ex
empt co-operative marketing associa
tions from Its provisions.
The request for executive approval
was presented by a group of livestock
men headed by J. H. Lawrence of St.
Paul, who have been In conference
here with member of congress from
the agricultural states.
16 Wyoming Indians
Arrive in Paris to
Plead With League
PARIS, Dee. 13. A delegation
of sixteen Arapahoe Indians from
Wyoming, clad In full regalia, ar-
rived here yesterday, Tbeir ap-
pearance cauBod such a comnio-
Hon in tho northern railroad ter-
minus that traffic was held up
for some time. Chief Old Eagle
told Interviewers that the depu-
tation Intended to ask tho League
of Nations to lnlorveno with the
United StateB government so that
Indians might have tho same
rights and privileges as other
Americans.
MEXICO CITY TO
DEPOSE LEADER
SAN ANTONIO, Texas, Dec. 13.By
horseback, airplane, automobile and
some by rail through the
United
States, the majority of the Mexican
liatlonal congress Is leaving Mexico
Clty for Vera Cruz, to reconvene for
the avowed purpose of doposing Pros-
ident Alvaro Obregon as president of
the republic, according to Rubin Clc-
cara, president of the chamber of depu-'
., . , . . , . . u,
ties, who arrived hore last night en-
route to Vora Cruz.
He said that the national congress
had been functioning since the out-
break of the revolution under military
pressure. He furthor stated that a
war-.a" nce mo revolution were nun aau
void.
Some of the members are having dif-
Hcully In leaving Moxico City, ha said
md - ."bc-nt .26 of them wore still there,
i
NOGALES, Ariz., Dec. 13. Rebel
rrcos at Manzanmo, Mexico, pave
captured and executed Goneral Mlguol
nimn nf tUn fftrlnwnl n pin,, uhn wnB
rnturninc 10 moxico uuv irom Lower
i clrclos. here today.
E.
SAN FRANCI8CO, Deo. 13.
storm reaching from the Aletlan
lands to tne neart or me temperate
zone I being thrust toward the Pacific
toast by high off shore winds today
and is carrying everything In tho
storm line with it from gentle, misty
rains to swirling, show-fllled blizzards.
'
if ia nvnAninfi tn niriKn in inn inrnn
in nni ninnf nn fir niirii w nna inn
Unltod States weather bureau had or-
rierod Rtorm Blgnala up from Cape
CONGRESS FLEES
Flattery. Washington,. to Point Royee.":" "-tJ" i3 inTn'S. 1
iBiuornia.
The storm Is expected to travel out on the floor dying. : - .
Into more or loss windless ralnB ln Facing him across a . narrow aisle
tho northorn California lowlandB but 'was Mrs. Coburn, tho widow, who
the mountain ranges and much of Ne- pushed a .black bordered ' handker
i.i., i. j ! ..j chief to her eyes during the testimony
vada, Idaho and eastern Oregon and phyB,c,an who said he worked
WaKlngton are due for heavy snow-, ,, . h. .mned coburn and
mils. ,
KvercM Kafo mown Up.
EVERETT. Wash., Dec. 13. Tho
safe of tho W. E. Ropes Transfer
company at Sedro Woolley was blown
open by robbers early this morning
and S46C. $131 of It In sliver, stolen.
The Interior of the office and
tho
safe were wreckod. Night marshals eratlon for 1924. The Swiss parlia
on duty hoard tho explosion about 3 ment gave him 189 of the 119 Votes,
a. m( but because of a high -wind The new vice president of Fodefal
storm. .could not locate It. ' I Councillor Jean Musey of Frlnurulfi -8
PASTOR
GREEK DANCES HELD IN CHURCH
NEW TORK. Dec. 13. Dr. Nor
man Guthrie, pastor of 8t. Marks In
tho Bowery and his board of vestry
men were colled before Bishop Wll-
Ham T. Mnnnlng, of the Protestant, Manning, but Insisted each -member
Episcopal dloceBo of New York today of the board would stand ty him in
to explain reports of dances and foa-"lhlB determination to ..continue the
tlvals In tho downtown church and . dances unless they wero ordered
parish . house. Thcso roports havo
"shocked and scandalized" Blahop
Manning, he sald
The dunces, most of them of the
breck classic variety, have - been
given by young women member of
the parish as a part of Dr. Outhrle'
avowed purpose of bringing beauty
Into religion.
KILLING IE:
K. K. LEADER
Witnesses at Trial of P. E. Fox
for Murder of W. S. Coburn
in Atlanta Give Details of the
Tragedy Fox Had Knife As
Well As Gun Insanity to
Be Defense.
ATLANTA, Oa., Doe. 13. Tho de
fense In tho case of Philip E. Fox, on
trfcil late today, for tho murder of
William 8. Coburn, entered a. plea of
Insanity. .
Tho plea was entered in nn address
before the Jury by Frank A. Hoopor,
Sr., uttorney for the defense, who re
viewed Fox's life and declared "there
existed traces of Insantly In the de
fendant's family."
ATLANTA, Oa., Doc. 13. (By As
sociated Press). Clarence Everett
was the first witness today in the trial
of Philip E. Fox, charged with tho
murdor of William S. Coburn. Co-
burn, a leader In the insurgent fae-
"" of ' Ku. Klux Klan, was shot
to death, It Is charged, November 6
Dy Fox wn0 was lnBn pubUclty dlrec-
tor of the so-called Imperial forces of
'he organization. ' '
Everett Identified a knife which lie
aald was purchased by Fox for 34 on
Noveml)er 6. He said Fox had him
olj tn0 knlfe ani examine the opening
springs before he would close the
salo. The knife was seven Inches long
the witness said. It looked like a
" . ,,
i ue UUUI1BU umun minis nna mmn
from Fox when he wag arresled tt fow
minutea after he shot Coburn. The
weapon was Bald to have been found
in his hand whon taken Into custody.
A. E. Wilson, an attorney who oc
cupied, .offices adjoining - those'--of
Coburn, testified that Foji Entered hfs '
offlco on Novomber- 6 and asked
which were the offices of Coburn.
Fox, Wilson said, tried to-onter Co
burn's offlco through the .room he
nniinlAil hnf ho ntminnil film. : ,
Coburn' office
through this door. Coburn's back
would have boon turned to htm, tho
witness said.
Flvo Shotfl Fired
Tho witness Identified a flat top
desk which occupied a space In front
of the Jury box aa that of the slain
man. fie said ho was once a law
partner of Coburn. -.'. .
Mr. Wilson declared that shortly
after Fox left the office he heard five
pistol shots. He said he heard
Bcreams and when he emerged Into
tho hall found a Mrs. Holbrook, Mr.
Coburn's- stenographer,.' who Bald
"Captain Coburn has been shot."
"I entered Coburn's office and
found the body lying face down on
the floor. A pistol was four or five
feet awaVl the witness aM.
"The desk chair he -occupied was
about threo foet away and I later ex-,
amlned it and found a bullet hole."
Tho Purpo"e f h!" '"Kc?
WM '""' a" ?hW.",.at Bl
rnirn was seaiea at ma psk wnii juj
at ma on iiiop mnm. n linn rnni I v diliu
no attention 10 mo mumuny.
Ban Da "7," ' 1
i ,.., nffiee tn find the klan leader w -
I found there was still a spark of llfo
left. ' The witness said Coburn lived
for several minutes after he was shot.
KwIhh President Named ' -BERNE.
Dec. 13. (By Associated
Press). Federal Councillor Ernest
Chuaard of Lausanne today was
elected president of the Swiss con ted -
CALLED ON CARPEr 1
Newspaper accounts have declared
girls In these dances have been scan
tily clad. i
Dr. Outhrle said he and the vestry
men would heed the call of Bishop
stopped by- general convention In
which votes of bishops, clergy and
laymen would be taken. (. '
"Nothing we have done " at St.
Marks has ever been, from a church
point of view, either Immoral or Il
legal," he said. "At all time In the
past and present, we have -i been ca
nonlcally within the la.p,-'": '
. ... 4
il
:1