HOME AND FARM "MAGAZINE SECTION
Irrigation in Willamette Valley
By Prof. W, L. Powers.
1- .j. .p .. . .. ,j. .. ,f. ,. .. ,p ., .j. ,j,
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1'ropor Irrigation may 1)0 of
great viiliiu In farmer In Ilia
Willamette Vulley, according to
lint Oregon Agricultural College.
In thi) following article I'rofc
fur V, U I'ovtor shows how this
Is true.
.. .j. ,s. ,j. ., ., ,j, , , .t. ,t. .. .,
(Hpeelnl to the I'nrin .Mngnzlno.)
FHOM experiment and ohiorvutlnn
itmdo liy din Oregon Agricultural
Cidlcgo it appear that proper Irri
gation In lliti Willamette Valley will
provide n more favorable moisture eon
tout of III" Hull, nml will nsn aid In tlin
' "'"m""" ' V'n tn,l """'I I" It olu
) j'tjnn nml eoiieynure to tlin plonl.
Likewise It Hilt Increase the bacterial
activity of the null nml lend lo n great
er rii'it nml top dotolopment of Hie
plant, l'lirllu'riiinrr, extra root develop
inent t lliti plant will teml to offset
any running together of tliu noil iluo to
Irrigation,
Irrigation farming lemlit to remove
larger crop from the laud uinl rouse
ipienlly larger amount of fcrtiliror in
the way of refuo inii't lie returned to
tlm lit ml if Id fertility la to lie nmlii
tiiliir.l. It i more important to prnr.
tfre u careful rotation of eroM that
win permit the growing or clover or
tome nthur noil liinlilliig crop on the
l.ind every fine .cars, In Irrigation
fn ruling that in other method. It In
nl more necessary Hint Irrigated
. fields In- plowed up deeply rtt freni'ill
Intervnlt to maintain n good state of
tilth.
Crop notation.
Crop roliitlnti In irrigation farm
lug should provide for the growing of
ik good proportion of cultivated crop
each year, since cultivated crop re
ipilre less water and use it Inter lu the
season than ilo the meadow crop. A
rolnllon of noil Iniilding crops together
with th application of rnnmire main
tain the u ater holding capacity and
fertility of noil, thereby lowering the
water rnt of dry matter.
Larger amount of maniirn can alio
he ll Mil without making the nil too
Irgumctf, nml frequent cultivation,
thereby maintaining a crumb noli
mulch 2) tu 3 Inebos In depth over tlio
surface.
Irrigation likewise caused n lowering
nf tlm temperature to Hie extent of n
much a I degree of colli in cultivated
plat and an much aa 10 degree In
meadow pint.
Aside from these and other Inciden
tal feature irrigation I shown to liavu
nccnmpllehod It main purpose by pro
ducing mi Increase In the crop yields.
During the seven yearn tin) average In
crease of all cropi ha been 05 per emit.
It altered the shape and site of tin)
plant and affected the need product,
raining better shaped ear nml a high
er termination of corn with a lower
germluntion of bean.
r.ffect on Market.
Irrigation hn likewise altered tho
pereeiilaga of marketable product,
ruining more henmt in prowrtion lo
plant, moro beet In proportion to top,
lint fewer pointer in proportion to tho
top produced. Irrigation ha nlso
caused n rllglit change In tlio ehemicai
eoiupoiiitlon nf the product.
Tho effect of rontlutied irrigation
upon the noil for ovrral iuccewiivo
talnly will bo no In tho long run If, a I good plan, and tlio time am money
It I believed, It will mean tho saving j upent In adding thi necexury huinu
win provo a
of m liny ranrheM of well producing
orchard from tho creditor' hand. Tho
NorlhwnMcrn I-'rult Uxchniigo report
that mnny of the railroad have re
lilted to their rctpient In a way to indi
cate that they theinHclveit appreciate
the munition facing tho Industry thi
year.
Cover Crops
FA Mi HOWINO of catch or cover
crop in the orchard and on ground
that ha had a crop removed by
tho hnrveNt Is n good plan in many In
hUiiiccb. Tho object U to udil huma
to tho soil and turn it buck to tho farm
n nnturo prepared tlio roll in tho bo
ginning. In runny Mill tho mineral ele
ments remain but tho humu ha been
rwinuxcd by auccciuiivo cropping of land.
Tho averago mill of many orchard
hov a considerable amount of poUmli,
phoxphnto and other necoetnry clement",
by iinwing of legumlnou crop nitrogen
in added to tho mill and a largo amount
of ehvap fertility obtained.
Whuro a cover crop, ach aa crimson
clover, hairy vetch, cow peaa, oy bonne,
fltn., are owed on ground after tho last
cultivation, and then turned under In
l.tto fnll or early spring, not only m fer
tility increaicd, but this green mnnuro
act a a upon go, make Mil mora por
fill romimriwiti wn mndo with Koil
fiiKin which legume were grown with-1
out irrigation.
Profit Poudblt.
year varie will, u.e ci.aracior oriM ,, ,lt)Ml, wntcr ,on. lt wlI,
crop grown. The vol how n "ht IiK,tii .tiff clay noil, which I often
tendency to decreniie in wnter capacity (l,llrci, ftm, nmkr Ul(J mU darker,
nun increa.o in oiuiim weigut ) 1(,neo warmPr in tho early aprlng,
irriKni'(,n wiirrv ruuiv riming ciij
worn Krowni ,ut improvi'il in
OrchtiMt incrraio in organic
A good Inn to follow in tho cent ml
I hre r,-.pceu. whero oil building crop "" ,, .i. i. .i. ' i .t
t..i .!.- .?. -i .. eultivation through the spring months
were grown. Irrigation ha canned t .. . .... ... .'-. i
i-niil,ml "" """ " ". "
! .. aa aaa.t k kaa Aa m m alrl Kaiatia
l,ere leguminoui crop were grown.,""" ", u """ ,' lm ZiZ
.n... .. L..I.. win? .nli. ' either broadcast or In drill. Wo prefer
clover can also be
n nd fertility to tho soil
profitable investment.
In planting iot grown strnwberry
plant, plnee a berry box over each
plant for a few days, to afford shade
until the plant got started.
YOU CAN EARN $50.00 PER,SI
ieirlits Inoroted Staadari1
Will Orllllan Rich lea
DnJa llmjukfi ur liniM
" ; ;tss"C
-
rl yfr uw ( afijr otftf.
Ui irl U dieSms 1 30 l
n! i4rrvMia CAjifia Ifl 9 hmaa.
ArxAit fefdw!f 70 lai wtdx Anion 2 S tLfanBaBi
t'Acpat L OHnaieuinnh tJtrtmJj nmva
rtmwnf Main FJniii. f jww irarni. CuLd VI
RPEK30N MACmNtRY CO., Minlfi.. Porttanii, Oft)
Lewk Audible Speed Indicator
A speeil Indicator
that attaches to
any cream scpana
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until tho right
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Descriptive cireula
upon retjacsU
COLUMBIA DAIRY BUFPLY COtWWMT
broailcaating. Jtoil clover can
Mown nhtf limn nn in tho mldtiio of
'Heptember, as can hairy vetcb. In lati-
tiiili.a w.KrM ifiminn lnvar anntmn
Irrigation had but little appreciable w, ,Uni, , w,nUr months it maktal
effect upon the netdity of mils nid!on, 0f t10 jt cover crops that can bo
on the content of available plant food, In ,ho ,prin(. afu,r tho few
although It nlstcil in the solution of Wcc, Krowtl( t can be tunxd under
available plant food and in ll tram-1,( p00.l advantage,
mlsaion to the proper parU of tho grow whero orebanl land I mbje. to
Ing plant. I wnhlug of soil, eover erorm should bo
Altogether Ihene field experimental wwn urory fB bufuro ffJl nittt como,
nnd observations Imvo shown Mint mm- i j ronjetion with cover crops, a
der iroH-r management there 1 a g.Kid coalin(. r wc rotte.1 manor applied
pniiit in irrigation in nu rimw wuera jurf,,,. witur or early spring, and turn-
o cover crops, U a
niii'ii where Irrk'ntnin i nrnclin-il. A
free working xoll enn bo built up nnd Mie wnler ran lw supplied by pumping. ,.,j unJ(ir witb ,
kept In a higher-Mato of priMurtlxlly " otherwise nt a cost of not to ex-
by tho iiko nf rotation Including ' eeed 1 per ncrelncli for nil tlio water
leguinim nml the iiko nl manure, tu eon
iiecllon with proper Irrigation.
Irrigation farming find II highest
dsvelopiunnt lu connection with In
tenlve euttural method. It will become
nf incrciiKing luiortnneo lu Western
Oregon on nil free working soil in
eoiineetioii with intensive dairying, hop
production ami truck farming.
Moisture rolnt.
Willamette Vulley silt loam under
field condition hn several lmirtaiit
moisture poll ts. It will be recalled hi
this connection that water In the soil
has three distinct npecte free, capil
lary nnd bygriKcople. Tho free moisture
nppenr a water nnd irtrve chiefly by
Lravlty. Tho eapillnry water moves
merely by contact nf one soil particle
with another, and while it effect on
tho soil i clearly seen, tho water itself
is not visible. Tho hygroscopii wnter
cling to the soil particle ami is prac
tically stationery with tho soil. Of tho
vulley silt loam the maximum capillary
wuter content is n limit .11 per cent, Mm
maximum amount proper for cultivation
is 27 per cent, the optimum water con
lent best for cultivation and crop pro
duction 1 about "3 per cent, tlio
drought point about lt per rent, end
limed. Properly managed irrigation prac
tice taken In connection with the rree
wnrklng roll will give the fanner of
the Willamette Valley such control of
the moisture content of their soil as
will not only Incrense the volume of
the crop, but will llkewiso Increase tho
profit and improve tho tilth and fer
tility of their soil.
Emergency Rate
AUKQUKSTKI) emergency rate of
10 cent reduction to all points
llnst, iisked for by the North
western 1'rult Kxehnngo In behalf of
erowor nnd shipper of tho North
west, has brought to tho surface nn a I
most universal plea. All of the mil
road In tho Northwest carrying fruit
were addressed lu a memorial setting
forth the need for alleviation of mar
keting cost of apples Mil year.
HusinesH men generally nnd now
paper have added to the strong nrgu
ineiil n given by Hie Kxehnngo with
a comprehensive nnulytl of conditions
n they see them, (1 rower and ship
per are endorsing tho request on every
What Are You
Going To Do?
hand so that lt may well bo said that
tho minimum moisturo content is ubouttul ri.quest i unanimous.
Your future dopend upon your
training. I,ot u train you lor a suo
cenifol business career.
Over 2,000 students trained by ua
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BUSINESS C0IXB8H.
X. M. WUkar, rrMi.
POUTI.ANI), OKKUOtf.
Writs us. No IroulU lo nrwr.
MILL"
A BUct Moa8wtarUa
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ILITAHY
ACADEMY
BMiixtac aat Xaaf
r PlifHs; aa
Oanral vavsaBa
Bt aatatead
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ommercial
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sonooij or btjoobbb
Write for Pull InforauUica
Central BvOdiafc Ttwwi, On.
IHB
ELITE PRIVATE
BUSINESS COLLEGE
I
wRrHalllllllV
MAXJDH L VZOKSM, AMt
PrindpaL
404 Commonwcaith Building
Portland, Oregon.
Writ For Oar Terms Today.
11 per cunt, irrigation during a suveu
year' test gave t. higher seasonal mois
turo content, which wan associated with
higher yields of ntuo standard Willuiu
etto Valley crops.
Intoreatliig and Important.
Home of tho incidental of feet of irrl
gallon ns shown by these teaU are not
ouly interesting but highly Important
to tho irrigation farmer as well. It
vu shown among other thing that
irrigation 1 associated with ft tempo
rary loss of inolsturo in tho subsoils
da to reversed capillary inovcmeut.
Tho lilghost seasonal moisture con
taat la Irrigated plants was obtained
1b connection with earl spring plow-
manuring, crop rotations inclndlag
It is tho belief that the railroad
will decide to do everything lu their
power to nld tho grower In tho face
of this year' conditions which nro
represented by nn Immense crop over
tbu entire country nnd tho closing of
dependable export. Tho railroads are
vitally interested in the marketing of
tho crop. It hn been pointed out that
nld from Mil noureo will allow tho
grower to plnco upon tho market un
doubtedly n much larger percentage of
his crop than ho would otberwlso do,
and lt Is possible to flguro out that
tho railroad will bo able to make
moro roosoy this year hauling apple
at a toroporary reduced rate than they
coukl at their regular rata. Tkia aar-
w
27th
YEAR
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