The Hermiston herald., April 29, 1921, Image 2

British Adopt
p
French Ruins
New Occupation of Germany by Allied Troops
Drank 54,150 Glasses of
Root Beer in One Year
Because be scheduled $541.50
school children of Passel and Ville, to
which agricultural implements, sewing
machines and clothing have been sent
Birmingham has adopted Albert As
a first step, clothing, boots and blank­
ets to the value of £500 have been sent,
and more is to follow.
Apart from the organized assistance
of the British League of Help, the
Manchester Raising $250,000 to Lift British are raising a special fund for
the restoration of the Rheims cathe­
Mezieres Out of Its Heap of Dust
dral, and the Royal Agricultural soci­
and Ashes—Raise Money for
ety has organized a fund to supply cat­
the Rheims Cathedral.
tle to the raided farms of French ag­
riculturists. To this fund £70,000 al­
New York.—Despite the burden of
ready has been subscribed.
their war debts and the heavy taxes
in the billions of pounds sterling they
poured Into Europe to save civiliza­
tion, the people of Great Britain still
are finding means to help the stricken
populace In the devastated regions of
France.
Under the stimulus of a campaign
directed by the central committee of
the British League of Help, they are
donating millions of dollars to repair,
rebuild or restore public utilities,
houses, villages and towns In the war-
swept zones of France. More than 50
ruined towns and villages have been
adopted by English cities and towns.
Verdun, that became immortal as
one of the bloodiest battlefields of the
entire war, has been adopted by the
city and county of London. So great
was the havoc wrought there by the
b
enemy guns, so great the loss of life,
-
and so numerous and thickly popu­
lated the cemeteries of the soldier
ytlad
dead, that many of the outlying vil­
lages may never be reclaimed. But
Verdun proper, the city that “They
Shall Not Pass,” Is to be restored In its
entirety.
London to Restore Verdun, but
Cemeteries Prevent Work on
Outlying Villages.
NEWCASTLE ASSISTS ARRAS
I d war tax on root beer during
1920, a Lithuanian coal miner
of Springfield, HU was asked by
John Pickering, collector of in­
ternal revenue, to look over his
income tax again. After de­
ducting his union dues, dona-
tions to churches and charities
and war tax on theater tickets
this man still had $1,541.50 for
which to account. His root beer
thirst cut his income to $1,000.
he said.
To satisfy his cravings, ac­
cording to his figures, the miner
had to drink 148 glasses of root
beer a day, or 54,150 glasses In
a year.
Confiscating Big Store of Liquors
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cow
ts , :
9
Boroughs Take Individual Action.
Belgian troops marching past the Frederick statue In Dusseldorf to occupy this Important German city In the
Rhine territory. Insert—A French machine gun on the famous Dusseldorf bridge.
Coal Structure
Being Studied
Bureau of Mines Conducting Mi
oroscopie investigation at
Pittsburgh Station.
OLD TESTS ARE UNRELIABLE
of lenticular masses greatly varying in
thickness and breadth and entirely sur­
rounded by or imbedded in the “dull
coal."
From the study at high magnifica­
tions It has been definitely shown that
the “bright coal” represents constitu­
ents that at one time were pieces of
wood, as of trunks, stems, branches
and roots. They are called “anthrax­
ylon.” The “dull coal” Is extensively
sublaminated into thinner sheets of
“bright coal” and “dull coal.” These
thin sheets of “bright coal” also con­
sist of definite components and are im­
bedded in a dull granular appearing
matter. The “dull coal” may therefore
conveniently be divided into two
classes—the thin black shiny strips
and the highly comminuted material,
termed attritus, in which they are im-
bedded.
eral matter. All are readily distin­
guishable In the photomicrographs.
Examination of a number of coals
has shown that most of the coal is de­
rived from the woody parts of plants,
such as trunks, steins, branches and
roots, including all the tissues that
make up such parts. Some of this
wood is represented by the larger an­
thraxylon, some by the smaller an­
thraxylon and some by the attritus.
The proportion represented in each of
these varies in different coals and even
at different levels tn the same coal
bed. There is evidence that some of
the cellulose matter is derived from
the more delicate tissues, such as her­
baceous plants, young or growing parta
of plants, leaf tissues, etc.
The humic or decayed vegetable mat­
ter forms a considerable proportion of
the attritus of all coals. It Is derived
from the cellulosic parts of plants, but
includes, besides macerated, semi-de-
cayed wood, some macerated gum,
bark, pith, cortex and other more dell-
cate parts. There is no sharp dividing
Une between the anthraxylon and the
humic constituents.
Resins are found in all coals, but tn
greatly varying proportions, both tn
the anthraxylon and the attritus. When
found In the anthraxylon, the resin Is
found in those tissues where It would
be expected if the constituent were
still a sound piece of wood. In the
attritus the resins are easily distin­
guished from the other constituents.
Aside from this several London bor­
An alleged delivery of liquor Dy one of their drivers without a transpor­
oughs are taking Individual action. Ac­ tation permit resulted in a raid on the warehouse of the Singer Brothers in
cording to reports received by the for­ New York. The federal agents are shown listing some of the confiscated Reinhardt Thiessen, Research Chem­
eign Information department of the goods.
ist, Says Scientists of the Past
Bankers' Trust company, Kensington
Only Had a Vague Idea of
has adopted Souebes, Wadsworth has
the Composition of Coal.
undertaken to look after the needs of
Villers-Plonich, and other boroughs are
Washington.—Conceptions of the or­
forming committees to raise funds to
igin, composition and general nature
take cure of other villages.
of coal held by scientists In the past
Manchester is raising £50,000 to
are so different and contradictory that
help to resurrect the dust heap that
It is a difficult matter to determine the
once was Mezieres; and of this
real extent of knowledge available or
amount £11,000 already has been sub-
scribed. Newcastle has undertaken to
authorized, on such conditions as the to rely on the literature, says Rein­
Derived From Plants.
provide £20,000 for Arras, and has paid Joint Action of State and Fed
secretary of agriculture may deter­ hardt Thiessen, research chemist of
It Is conclusively shown that the
the
bureau
of
mines.
Scientists
in
gen
­
its second installment of the gift. On
mine to be fair and reasonable.
eral Governments Necessary
eral had only a vague idea of the com­ thin strips of bright coal are also de­
February 6, when the mayor of Arras
Expenses Borne Jointly.
to Stop Destruction.
position of coal, the origin of its con­ rived from woody parts of plants, and
visited Newcastle a check for 250,000
Federal expenditures under co-oper­ stituents, the transformation they have are anthraxylon, but represent thin­
francs was handed to him.
ner and smaller fragments than the
ative agreements with states would, undergone, and the conditions they
And Oxford, Sheffield, Exeter, Eves-
thicker strips. There is no real dis­
under the bill, have to be at least now are In.
ham, Eastbourne, Cirenchester and
The chemist did not have enough tinction between the larger and the
equaled by state expenditures derived
Comparing Different Coals.
Birmingham have given and are giving
smaller or thinner anthraxylon constit­
either from general taxation or from fundamental knowledge to attack Its uents, there being a compiete range tn
to their capacity.
The exines or outer walls of spores
owners of forest lands under state re­ chemistry In the right directions. The intermediate sizes, but the smaller are are present in the attritus only and
Oxford proposes to restore the wa­
Largest and Most Important Field for quirements.
The bill also provides fuel engineer, in turn, did not have a the more numerous. Some coals are form an Important part of all coals,
ter supply and to rebuild the school
Co-operation Is Fire Prevention-
for a survey of the forest resources broad enough chemical basis for stud­ largely made up of the thinner an­ but In greatly varying proportions. The
at Fayet. For this object, nearly £700
Cost of Protection Should bo
and requirements of the country, for ies in combustion, distillation, cooking thraxylon strips.
already has been collected.
spore exines are the most readily dis­
Shared by Private Owner.
experiments und investigations in re­ and other processes relating to the use
Sheffield has adopted three towns
The attritus is composed of a num­ cernible constituents In all coals, and
of
coal,
hence
the
efficient
utilization
forestation and methods of cutting and
and villages—Bapaume, Pulsieux and
ber of groups or. classes of constitu­ have definite characteristics. Different
Serre, all made famous In the battle
Washington.—Need for public action utilizing timber, for enlarged pur­ of coal In the industries has suffered ents, most of which can be definitely genera and perhaps different species
of the Somme and in the great Ger­ to save the remaining forests of the chases of lands for federal adminis­ from the lack of a proper knowledge Identified and their origin determined. of exines differ In sculpturing, size,
man drive In 1918. The fund In the United States from devastation, and tration as national forests, and for of the nature of coal itself.
These are the degradation products of form and thickness of wall, and by
The bureau of mines, in order to
hands of the lortl mayor of Sheffield to provide for timber production on various other features of a national
cellulose (the essential constituent of means of these characters can readily
clear up some of the confusion that
now stands at £5,000. Of this a first lands already laid waste, was strongly program of forestry.
cell walls), humic matter, spore exines, be distinguished from one another.
installment of 50,000 francs lias been urged by Col. W. B. Greeley, chief of
In urging the necessity for action, exists and to get a more exact knowl­ resins, remains of cuticles, highly car­ The spore characters have been so well
edge
of
the
nature
of
coal
in
general,
sent to Bapaume toward the establish­ the forest service, United States De­ Colonel Greeley pointed out that the
bonized material rodlets and some min­ preserved In almost all coals that the
ment of a day nursery; and, at the partment of Agriculture, at the hear­ essential problem of providing for fu-1 as.well as to obtain certain fundamen­
spores of one kind of plants can be
tal facts, has been conducting at its
special request of its mayor, a mo­ ings before the house agricultural com­ ture needs Is a national one.
clearly distinguished from those of an­
Pittsburgh station a microscopic study
RESCUED FROM REIMS
tor tractor has been forwarded to mittee on the Snell bill.
other kind. In some coal seams the
“New York," the colonel said, “im­ of the structure of coal. One of the
Pulsieux.
larger bulk of the spore exines are of
ports
nine-tenths
of
the
lumber
which
The bill authorizes and directs the
great hindrances to its study, from the
the same kind, in other seams two or
Pennsylvania importa time of the earliest investigators to
Eversham Orders Cider Fruit Trees. secretary of agriculture. In co-opera­ she requires.
three kinds may form the main bulk.
Exeter Is undertaking to restore the tion with the various states or other four-fifths, while a large group of mid­ the present, has been the difficulty in
In comparing coals from different beds
water supply at Montdidier, where the suitable agencies, to recommend the dle western states Import 07 per cent preparing thin sections for microscopie
the predominating exines of one seam
American troops first went Into the requirements essential for protecting of their wood. The bulk of cur paper observation. Many attempts had been
are easily seen to be different In some
battle line, and has forwarded £2,000 timbered and cut-over land from fire, comes from half a dozen states. The made to overcome this difficulty, and
way from those of any other bed. Thus
to the mayor of that city. Evesham refreshing denuded lands, and cutting growing of timber on enormous areas also to devise other means of study.
the coals of different beds, containing
Is raising £1,000 for Hebuterne, and and removing timber crops so that of land adapted by nature to that pur­
For a number of years the ash meth­
different spores, may readily be dis­
has ordered 300 cider fruit trees from continuous production of timber will pose and scattered throughout 39 od was pursued, bits of coal being ei­
tinguished from one another.
Holland. Eastbourne has sent to Bray- be promoted. To bring into effect states Is Just as much a national ne­ ther totally or partly burned and the
Occasionally in a given com seam a
sur-Somme a gift of 5,000 francs, be­ these requirements, and with a view cessity and Just as much a matter for ash examined under the microscope.
spore exine is found that differs from
sides supplying that ruined village to furnishing a continuous supply of national action as the encouragement Later, maceration was tried with some
those of any other seam, but does not
with goods and foodstuffs to the value timber for the use and necessities of of agriculture or the maintenance of success, but on the whole it failed to
predominate. This spore exine may be
of £500. Cirencester has equipped and the public, co-operation between the interstate transportation.
reveal the true nature of coal. More
a distinguishing characteristic of the
“The growing of timber cannot be recently the method was tried of sof-
Is supporting a food kitchen for the federal government and the states Is
coal seam In question, although not the
left to private initiative alone. Under tening the coal with reagents and then
predominate one. This fact promises
the bill the federal government will cutting it Into thin sections with a mi-
to be of value in the stratigraphic cor­
assume the technical leadership of the crotome. But this changes the coal
relation of coal seams. The Pittsburgh
reforestation movement throughout too much to show its true appearance.
seam, for example, contains a small
the country. While in the prairie besides the method Is inexpedient.
spore exine that is both predominant
states co-operation would have to deal
Used Rock Method Study.
and characteristic and may thus be
chiefly with tree planting. In other
For
the
bureau's
work
an
adaptation
easily distinguished from any other.
states It should cover technical meth-
ods of fire prevention, of disposal of of the method used successfully for
All ordinary bituminous coals con­
debris left In logging, of cutting vari- years by petrologists in studying rocks
tain certain constituents that are more
ous types of timber so as to secure a and paleobotanists in studying plants
highly carbonized than the rest of the
coal and stand out in sharp contrast
new crop of the kind desired, and the was employed. A small rectangular
piece of the coal to be examined was
to it on account of their opaqueness.
like.
planed and polished on one surface,
In general there are two types of car­
“The largest and most Important which was then cemented to a glass
bonaceous matter—one type shows def­
field of co-operation. however, In all slide with a mixture of Canada balsam
inite plant structure and consists of
states containing extensive forest and marine glue. The piece was ground
the more highly carbonized parts of
areas is In the prevention of forest to a safe thickness on a lapidary’s
plant cells or bits of woody tissues or
fires. This Is the first step to a con- wheel and was finally ground to trans­
other plant tissues ; the other shows
tinuous supply of timber. Once the parent thinness by hand on a fine hone.
no plant structure and is of indefinite
vast area of cut-over land suitable Examinations were then made through
origin.
for timber production Is really pro the microscope st magnifications rang­
Other constituents that are Invari­
tected from forest fires, three-quarters ing up to 2,000 diameters.
ably present In ell coals are the so-
of our forest problem Is solved.
The bureau says that even with the
called rodlets or needles. Many are
“The cost of forest protection should naked eye a bed of any bituminous
scattered helter-skelter through the at-
I be shared by the public and the pri- coal Is readily seen to be banded, and
trltus. Sometimes they are present in
| vate owner.
But fire prevention Is a chunk of coal is seen to be highly
such large numbers that they form a
I not an end In itself. The reforesta. laminated and composed of layers
considerable part of certain thin lami­
tion of timber-growing land and the varying greatly In thickness and In
nae. Many of the anthraxylon compo­
actual production of timber Is the real color, texture and fracture.
nents, and, conspicuously, many of the
objective. In no instances should fed-
There are generally recognized and
mineral charcoal constituents, inclose
eral funda be expended unless the described two kinds of coal with re­
a smaller or larger number of rodlets
state carries out the requirements spect to Its texture; compact coal and
that are evidently part of their struc­
found necessary by the federal forest mineral charcoal or mother-of-coal. In
A French tot from the ruined city ture. Most of the tissues remaining In
the compact coal. In general, two kinds
service to make timber grow."
, - . -_ ■__ ■
— of Reims who has been rescued from the coal with which rodlets are associ­
of bands are. recognized, apparently the shattered streets and debris of ated are recognized to be those of
alternating and ip sharp contrast.
his home town, and taken to the plants related to the Medullosae, well-
Buys Sheepskin Coats.
one Is of a bright Jet-black, pitchy ap- fresh air colony at Vlllers-Allerand.
Washington.—The United States pearance and breaks with a conchoidal where he is given sunshine and good known paleozoic planta allied to the
public health service has just bought smooth, shiny fracture. The other is food. The colony was established by cycads. From this it appears that
Postmaster General Hays la making inspection visits to the big cities, 2,500 sheepskin coats for the tu bereu- | greyish black, of a dull appearance, a Reims schoolteacher for the benefit some of the rodlets. If not all, are the
and outlining his policy of “a square deal” to postal employees. The photo- I lous patients In Its hospitals, so that and breaks Irregularly. The former Is of delicate children, and she has had semi-petrified contents of the mucilage
graph shows him In the distributing department of the New York postoffice. they may be able to sit out tn the air generally called bright coal or “glans many fairy godmothers. Including the canals of Medullosa-like planta. In the
Mr. Hays, as chairman of the National Republican o mmittee, made a repu- | and the sun this winter. It's the fresh coal and the latter “dull coal” or junior Rod Cross, which has helped original plants these canals were elon-
gated intercellular spaces containing
tation as a manager and harmoniser.
air that counts.
“matt coaL" The bright coal consists with 48,000 francs.
gumming substances.
URGE NATION TO
SAVE FORESTS
FOREST FIRES ONE PROBLEM
Our New Postmaster on the Job
sey
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