THE HERMISTON
HERALD,
HERMISTON, OREGON.
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FOOD WASTE EACH
IN BRIEF.
:
♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ YEAR $ WOO,000
I STATE
HOW UNCLE SAM TRAINS MEN
FOR THE AVIATION CORPS
Army Schools Are Speeding Up
Work to Supply Fliers for
New Army.
trirnintrinintrinninininner
THE FLAG
By KENNETH MAC DOUGAL.
The die is cast, the time has come. 4t
The eagle screams once more,
The Stars and Stripes again shall
SCHOOLING MOST THOROUGH
Upon a foreign shore.
Behind the flag of freedom.
Sweep on our fighting men.
To crush the Prussian eagle,
The peace dove bring again.
Pick of the Land Intellectually and
Physically la the Raw Material of
the Field—First Taught Mechan
ics and Work Gradually Up to
Difficult Feats in Flying.
New York.—Uncle Sam's new army
must have the best aviators in the
world. This is the order that has
come from Washington, and the army
schools throughout the country are
striving to carry it out.
There are many obstacles and dis
couragements, fast scout planes are
almost non-existent this side of
the Atlantic, but the standard already
reached means as vast advance.
A trip out to the big government
flying school on Hempstead Plains,
near Mineola, L. I., shows a scene of
bustling activity, a beehive of indus
try, which has speeded up even over
its former strenuous pace in the last
few days.
At the entrance to the field a stal
wart private, an automatic on his
hip, challenges the visitor and scru
tinizes closely the papers shown. A
step through the gate discloses in
side the fence a scene to rejoice the
heart of the small boy—a vast ex
panse, on which great mechanical fal
cons purr nnd skip, now rising Into
the clouds and now descending
swiftly and gracefully to the level
turf.
Framing the picture are rows of air-
plane sheds, or hangars, barracks, ma
chine shops, offices and other rough
buildings which have mostly been
knocked into shape in the last few
weeks.
Scores of students and mecha
nicians hustle around and over the
winged monsters, oiling, plying the
wrench, making tests and seeking the
. slightest flaw, for every flying ma
chine must always be in the top notch
of condition.
Pick of the Land There.
War will probably soon change the
conditions here In many ways—indeed,
some differences are already noticeable
from peace days. But most of the stu
dents are still paying their way—and
not a small price either. After pass
ing his flying test a student must turn
over a $500 tuition fee and $300 more
Is due on final examination. The stu
dent must weigh not more than 190
pounds stripped, and “must furnish evi
dence of having a college education
and be of good moral character.”
The pick of the land intellectually
and physically Is the raw material of
the field. Out of such promising nov
ices Uncle Sam makes finished bird-
men in three months—and now even
this brief training period may be cut
down.
The captain in command of the
•X
I
Regiment, brigade, division
And corps pass smartly by;
Pressing to crush oppression.
That the flag of right may fly.
I-
Men who were known as hyphens,
Russians. Frenchmen, lads from
Spain,
Germans, Austrians, Italians,
Are Americans again.
<t
A
•X
A
To the flag, then! To the president! 4
A toast: We’re in the right!
Forward, march! We’ll show the 4
Prussian
That we’re not too proud to fight.
4
field explains the course of instruc
tion :
“After the student has passed his
preliminary physical examination and
has had the mechanism of the ma
chine drilled into him, we turn him
over to an instructor, who takes him
up on a joy ride as a passenger. He
goes up about 3,000 feet the first
time. When he becomes, during suc
cessive flights, accustomed to the
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Where Aviation Is Taught
swift rush of the air aloft, so dis
concerting to the novice, he is per
mitted to handle the controls himself,
but the instructor is there to correct
any errors very promptly.
“In turn he is passed from one to
another of the instructors until four
have had him, and then they make
four separate reports on him. After
that we begin his training in real
earnest, as we have learned then
whether he is cut out to be an avi
ator.
Training Is Thorough.
“We have found that a student can
not assimilate more than half an
hour's lesson aloft in a day ; that is,
he does not profit by a longer lesson.
So when he comes down he is • put
to work at the mechanics of the job,
dismantling and assembling his en-
“More and more serious trials are
Great Britain Asks Them and coming," says the paper. "We appeal
to our renders to regard it as a sacred
Also Her Own People
duty to cut down the consumption of
to Eat Less.
all commodities to the last ounce and
Food Supply Diminishes.
Commenting, the Evening News says
that Lloyd George issued his warning
seven weeks ago. Since then the con
sumption inland, which imports four-
fifths of its ample cereal supply,
makes an Important bite in the store.
Meanwhile the submarines are sinking
ships and cutting down the rate of re-
From 100 to 150 deer have died
from starvation in the John Day valley
gine, detecting trouble, making such alone, according to C. F. Groom, for
est ranger of that district.
repairs as he might be called on to
make If he had to descend for cause
Election blanks and supplies, pro
during a flight. We give him text vided by the state for the special elec
books on motors, too, and something tion in June, have been forwarded to
about aero-dynamics, and teach him the respective county clerks by Secre
how to observe the earth as it flies tary of State Olcott.
under him.
Mark Moe, son of A. D. Moe, pub
When the young aviator is com
petent to handle his machine he Is lisher of the Hood River Glacier, will
introduced into more complicated apply as a recruit to the United States
army aviation corps. Young Moe is
work, scouting and maneuvering.
For instance, on a recent day a not yet 18 years of age.
motorcar was sent on a devious ten-
E. R. Callahan, of Klamath Falls,
mile journey over little frequented was fined by Justice of the Peace E.
Long Island roads. Its top was broad W. Gowen in the sum of $150 and
ly striped in black and white, but oth costs and sentenced to serve 30 days
erwise it could not be told from the in the county jail for violation of the
tens of thousands of other cars which dry law.
are constantly on the move over the
Responses to 300 letters sent out to
island.
“Twenty-four army airplanes went the fire chiefs in towns in Oregon hav
up to seek the car. Twenty-one left ing a population of more than 300
here and three came from the gov people show that a fair percentage of
ernment school at Governors Island, good-sized towns have no fire depart-
ments whatever.
New York city.
“The car with the striped top repre
The rapid gain in the number of
sented the head of an enemy convoy. motor cars in the state is indicated by
The airmen were to detect the head the fact that 37,597 cars are regis
of the supposed column while the lat tered, as against 25,538 at the corre
ter was still far from its objective, the sponding time last year. This is a
aviation field, for there must be time gain of not quite 50 per cent.
to make the imaginary artillery attack
upon It effective.
That he pitched 800 tons of hay dur
ing the past winter is the statement of
Problems Easily Solved.
For the problem the map of Long David Helmick, 63 years old, of Can
Island near the flying field was di yon City. He says that he fed 400
vided Into 24 sectors, one being given tons of hay to cattle near Pilot Rock,
to each scout. The lucky man who that he handled the hay alone and
found the car whirred back to the field pitched it all twice.
Announcement was made at La
Crosse, Wis., recently of the sale of
the property of the Wind River Lum
ber company at Cascade Locks, to the
interests which now control the Bridal
Veil company. The consideration is
said to have been in the neighborhood
of $1,500,000.
FOOD SHORTAGE MENACES THE ALLIES
London.—England has issued a call
to all the allied peoples, not only her
own, to help obviate a food shortage.
The call solemnly warns them that
famine conditions may exist through-
out the world before the next harvest
Is reaped.
Since Lloyd George declared “Our
stocks of food are low, alarmingly
lower than within recollection," scores
of public leaders have repeatedly
warned the people to place themselves
on voluntary rations.
The public absolutely refuses to rec
ognise the government's position, and
such conditions have resulted evi
dently in the issuance of the appeal, ap
parently from an official source, which
outlines clearly the world’s deficiency
tn wheat and other agricultural prod
ucts, while the war is disorganizing the
supplies of food staples to nearly ev
ery civilized country.
So serious Is the food situation that
England has completely cast off the
cloak of secrecy. At the beginning of
the war Germany deliberately re
quired the slaughter of a large propor
tion of the live stock in order to save
food, and now finds out her mistake.
Conversely England at the outset In
sisted that live stock be conserved—
neither exported nor slaughtered need
lessly. Now England, possessing a big
stock of animals, orders that they be
slaughtered in order to provide food
and save feeding them.
NEWS ;
pennyworth.”
A new set of restrictions has become
effective, which requires proprietors
of eating places to keep a record of all
meals served. They must not serve
more than a specified amount each
week. Tho following is the scale of
allowances per meal :
Breakfast—Meat, 2 ounces : sugar.
2.7 ounces; bread. 2 ounces; flour, 1
ounce.
Luncheon—Meat, 5 ounces; sugar,
2.7 ounces ; bread, 2 ounces ; flour, 1
ounce.
Dinner—Meat, 5 ounces; sugar, 2.7
ounces ; bread, 2 ounces ; flour 1 onnce.
No meat or flour is allowed In place
of tea or sugar. Tuesday Is designated
as a meatless day in London, Wednes
day in the provinces.
Lloyd George's Appeal.
“We may have to feed our army and
navy, as well as ourselves, on home-
grown food," said Premier Lloyd
George In a letter which was read at
a meeting tonight of the Norwich (Nor
folk) Agricultural committee. The let
ter was addressed : “To all workers on
land,” and appealed to them to do their
utmost to help raise all food possible.
“The Une which the British empire
holds against the Germans." the letter
continues, “is held at home as well as
abroad. If It breaks at any point, it
breaks everywhere. In the face of the
enemy the seamen of. our royal naval
and mercantile marine and the sol
diers gathered from every par of our
empire hold our Une firstly. You
workers on land must hold your part
of our Une as strongly.
“Every full day's labor you do helps
to shorten the struggle and bring us
nearer victory. Every idle day. all loi-
tering, lengthens the struggle and
makes defeat more possible. Therefore,
In the nation's honor, heed: Acquit
yourselves Uke men. and as workers
on land do your duty with all your
in short order and Mineola was
“saved.”
In another problem three Fast L. W.
F. tractors were sent to a far distant
point, which was not disclosed to the
students, and there sent up as scouts
of an enemy bent upon taking photo
graphs of the Mineola field. The stu
dents were to locate these machines
and drive them back by heading them
off. They did this with ease.
Not all the feats attempted work
out well, because real swift machines
are lacking. The slower machines do
not stand up so well In a gale, al
though otherwise easier to manage.
It is understood the fastest machines
now at the field are the L. W. F.
tractors, capable of 95 miles an hour.
British and French scouts make 135
and 138 miles an hour. The new Mo-
ralne-Saulnier, according to Miss Ruth
Law, the flying woman, makes 150
miles an hour. Airplanes much slow
er are useless on the western Euro
pean battle front.
Students start learning to fly at
Mineola on the poky J. N. 4 Curtiss bi
planes, which go at the snail's pace of
75 miles an hour.
However, it is taken for granted that
the deficiency in fast machines will
soon be remedied. All the art of air
plane building the French and British
have learned in nearly three years of
warfare will be placed at the disposal
of the new ally. Commissions of
Anglo French flying men and builders
will assist the United States army in
manufacturing and teach the latest
tricks of the trade to our aviators.
What They Must Do.
The Mineola school Is officially an
aviation section of the signal officers
reserve corps. Civilian volunteers en
ter as sergeants and become lieuten
ants in the reserve on passing their
examinations. These “exams” are not
to be sniffed at. Here are some of
the things the young collegian must
do:
He must climb out of a field 2,000
feet square and attain an altitude of
500 feet while keeping all parts of
his machine within the square; he
must cut off his motor at a height of
1,000 feet and land within 200 feet of
a designated point; he must land over
an assumed obstacle ten feet high
and come to rest within 1,500 feet of
it; he must fly for 45 minutes at an
altitude of 4,000 feet.
“The psychology of this flying busi
ness so far as the students are con
cerned.” says the commandant of the
field, “is a singular thing. In con
sidering it you must put fear out of
the reckoning. The students are
never frightened. The fact of the
matter Is that they go Into It think
ing that it’s a daredevil job. Then
they go up and they’re disappointed
—It Isn't the da red evi I try they
thought at all. So what do they do?
They tend to go to the other ex
treme right away and we have to
keep them from killing themselves
with sheer recklessness. We have to
teach them with every ounce of abil
ity we possess that If they make the
one slip they seem determined to
make It will be the very last slip
they’ll ever make.”
w.
An error discovered in chapter 269
of the laws of the last session, provid
ing for the manner of distribution of
Federal government funds from the
forest reserves of the state, will again
hold up the distribution of those funds,
for a time at least, until Attorney
General Brown offers a solution of the
problem.
The executive committee of the re
cently-organized Bend chapter of the
American Red Cross has selected as
directors 32 representative men and
women from' Deschutes, Crook and
Jefferson counties. Those from the
towns outside of Bend are expected to
proceed with the formation of auxili
ary chapters.
Reports from Marshfield state that
empolyes of the Smith mills at Bunker
Hill and Bay City walked out Wednes
day morning, leaving the mills entire
ly shut down with the exception of the
west side of the Bay City, which
closed at noon. The one side at the
Bay City mill was kept going by plac
ing higher-paid men on some of the
cheaper work.
Governor Withycombe has tele
graphed to R. N. Stanfield, represent
ing the State Council of Defense at
Washington, asking him to urge Secre
tary of War Baker that steps be taken
to prohibit enlistments from the rural
districts.
Governor Withycombe has been ad
vised by Attorney General Brown that
members of the Third Oregon Infan
try, who are in the state on Monday,
June 4, will be allowed to vote on
matters pertaining to state affairs to
come up at the special election.
With labor scarce, appropriations
materially decreased and demands for
wages soaring, state institutions con
front a decidedly serious situation, ac
cording to reports made to the State
Board of Control by practically every
one of the heads of such institutions.
At the meeting of the Medford city
council this week, Mayor Gates launch
ed a vigorous campaign to stop all
forms of gambling in Medford. The
city executive said that a charity pa
tient whom he had befriended recently
lost $4.50, which was all the cash he
had, in a game of poker at a local pool
room.
The monthly report of the Industrial
Accident commission for April shows
receipts for the month amounting to
$77,937.29, and disbursements of $83,-
189.35. Cost of administration during
the month was $4121.66. The com
mission had a total balance of $950,-
947.72 with the state treasurer on
April 30.
The State Highway department may
use funds available in the treasury out
of the $300,000 derived from the one
fourth mill tax to complete contracts
entered into before the present com
mission went into office, according to
an opinion by Attorney General
Brown, sent to State Highway En
gineer Nunn.
While Southern Pacific reports indi
cate a steady decline in the car short
age from April 28, when the late peak
of 1157 was reached, to 909, reported
Saturday, the Public Service commis
sion still is besieged with complaints.
An interesting relic of the past in
the shape of an old American flag has
just been hung in the dining room of
the Pilot Butte Inn at Bend. The flag
is one given by General Ulysses S.
Grant to William T. Birdsall, father of
W. C. Birdsall, manager of the inn,
and bears only 38 stars, indicating its
age.
This Is Estimate Made by Uncle
Sam of Loss in the Homes
Alone.
MUCH OF IT IS PREVENTABLE
/ast Amount of Nourishing Material
Thrown Out of American Kitch
ens, Say Department of Ag
riculture Experts.
Good food heedlessly thrown Into
parbage palls, food allowed to spoil
n the household, food ruined by im-
roper cooking and food destroyed by
ats, mice and Insects constitute the
leavy items in the $700,000,000 annu
li waste of food in homes in this coun
ty cited by the secretary of agricul-
ure. Seven hundred million dollars
s considered to be a conservative fig-
ire. In household waste, cf course,
ire not to be included the vast losses
f food allowed under improper hand
ing or inefficient marketing methods
o spoil In transit or in the hands of
producers or dealers.
Much of this $700,000,000 household
waste of food, the dietary specialists
f the United States department of ag-
•iculture declare, is easily preventa-
ile.
That vast amounts of nourishing
naterial are thrown out from Amer-
can kitchens and so made useless for
tuman consumption, is well established
y the returns made from garbage and
fertilizer plants showing the amount
f fats and nitrogenous material recov-
?red from city garbage.
Fall to Use Left-Overs.
Much of the food is thrown out, the
specialists say, because so many peo
ple do not know how to utilize left-
avers or will not take the trouble to
keep and prepare them. The special
ists point out that left-over cereals
can be reheated or combined with
fruits, meats or vegetables Into appe
tizing side dishes; that even a spoon
ful of cereal Is worth saving as a
thickener of soups, gravies and
sauces. Stale bread can be utilized
in a variety of ways in combination
with vegetables and meats and in pre
paring hot breads and puddings. Skim
milk, too widely looked down upon as
a food although it contains practical
ly all the nourishing elements of
whole milk with the exception of the
cream or fat, can be used as a bever-
age. In cooking cereals, or as a basis
for milk soups or sauces. Even sour
milk, so largely thrown away, can be
used in making hot breads or in the
home manufacture of cottage cheese.
Every scrap of meat or flsh can be
combined with cereals or other foods
lacking in pronounced flavor, both to
give flavor and to add nourishment to
made-over dishes. Every bit of fat or
suet trimmed from meat before cook
ing or tried out in boiling, roasting
or broiling can be made useful in
cooking. Many butchers, after they
have weighed meat and named the
price for the cut, trim off valuable
suet and fat. This fat which the
housewife pays for, if taken home and
used, would reduce expenditures for
prepared cooking fats. Water used
(n cooking rice and many of the veg
etables contains nutrients and desir
able flavoring materials valuable In
soups or sauces. Too often fats and
such water are poured into the sink.
Many persons regard the saving of
small amounts of left-over food as un
important If they kept accurate ac
count, however, for any period, the
specialists say, many families would
be astounded by the amount of good
food they are throwing out and by
the sums that they are paying to the
grocer, the butcher and milkman
merely to replace good food being ab
solutely wasted.
Waste From Careless Handling.
Important amounts of perishable
foods are made dangerous or inedible
In households because they are ex
posed unnecessarily to heat, germs,
dust, dirt or to flies and other in
sects.
Much milk spoils quickly because It
Is kept uncovered in warm kitchens.
Close observance of the doctrine,
“Keep perishable food, especially milk,
cool, clean and covered continuously”*
may make a striking difference in the
food bills of many families.
In other cases, one or two vegeta
bles, beets or carrots, for Instance, not
needed immediately, are thrown out
or allowed to spoil Instead of being
used in soups or combination dishes.
Fruits which could be stewed and
kept are allowed to spoil. Vegetables
and fruits in quantities often are
stored in hot, damp, poorly ventilated
bins and under conditions which has
ten wilting, fermentation and decay.
Fruits, surplus beans, tomatoes and
other vegetables produced In home
gardens are allowed to spoil on the
vines or rot on the ground. A morn
ing’s work would can and preserve
such surplusage for use when fruits
and vegetables are scarce and high in
price.
Much food la ruined by being stored
where flies or other insects or rata
and mice can get at It Much cereal
food is ruined because It is not pro
tected against weevils or other In
sects.
Many housewives who complain
that children and adults will not eat
breakfast cereals fall to realize that
the cereals they serve are under-
• 90029208000200*6 wocrcccscccce-
i Food Conservation Urgent
Need of the United States.
;
“For partial Immediate relief,
? every individual and community
2 should consider earnestly the
3 matter of food conservation and
? the limitation of waste. As a
? nation we seem to have a dis-
! dain of economizing. In many
3 homes there is a strong feeling
! that it is ‘only decent’ to provide
more food than will be eaten
2 and that It is demeaning to
! reckon closely. The experts of
■ the department of agriculture re-
2 port to me that the dietary
2 studies made by them point to
2 an annual food waste of about
¡ $700,000,000.
Of course, the
; waste in families of very limited
; means is slight, but In the fam-
Ilies of moderate and ample
means the waste Is considerable.
3 Even If the estimate were re-
duced by half, the waste would
still be enormous.
“The food waste in the house-
hold, the experts assert, results
in large measure from bad prep-
aratlon and bad cooking, from
improper care and handling,
and, in well-to-do families, from
; serving en undue number of
; courses and an over-abundant
; supply and failing to save and
utilize the food not consumed.
| As an instance of Improper han-
dling, it is discovered that in the
preparation of potatoes 20 per
cent of the edible portion in
many cases is discarded.”—Sec-
retary of Agriculture Houston.
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soned, and thus made unpalatable.
Most of the cheaper foods require
careful seasoning and preparation to
be fully appetizing. In many house
holds, the specialists believe, proper
attention to the cooking of these cheap
and desirable foods will increase
greatly their consumption and thus
reduce considerably the use of more
expensive foods eaten Instead of ce
reals.
Improper Cooking la Blamed.
Vegetables properly prepared tempt
the appetite. When they are served
in soggy form or In watery or poorly
flavored dishes, much of them will be
left on the table. The nutritive value
and flavor of meat or flsh can be less
ened by over-cooking or Improper
cooking. If fats are allowed to burn
even a little, they develop unpleasant
flavors and usually cause people to
refuse gravies and sauces made with
them or foods fried in them ; burned
meat is also disagreeable as ure
burned vegetables.
Much useful food gets into the garb
age pail because the housewife, in
preparing potatoes or other vegetables
and fruit, such as apples, cuts off
with the skin a considerable percent
age of edible material. Careless par
ing of potatoes may consign as much
ns 20 per cent of the edible portion,
including outer layers containing val
uable mineral substances, to the garb
age pall. Many persons are unaware
that the green and tender tops of
many vegetables which contain valu
able mineral and other food sub
stances, are excellent cooked as
green, or even as addition to salads.
Many families take pride In serv
ing lavish and over-bountiful meals.
Such meals lead Inevitably to waste of
food on the table and to over-eating,
which often Impairs health und effi
ciency. The sane standard, “Eat
enough food and no more,” rigidly fol-
lowed, would reduce greatly food bills
in many homes and, at the same time,
tend to Improve the physical condition
of all members of the household, de
clare the government experts.
STUDIES FURNITURE MARKETS
Expert In Uncle Sam’s Bureau of Com
merce, Undertakes Extensive In
quiry In South America.
A thorough investigation of South
American markets for American fur
niture has been undertaken by Uncle
Sam's bureau of foreign and domestic
commerce of the department of com
merce.
Harold E. Everley of New
York city, has been apointed special
agent to go to South America and
spend two years studying the situation
at close range. Mr. Everley has hud
a technical training In furniture manu
facturing and is familiar with the
merchandising methods of the indus
try. For three years he was superin
tendent of a furniture factory In Bra-
zil.
The newly appointed agent has been
visiting representative furniture man
ufacturers and exporters in this coun
try in an effort to learn as definitely as
possible just what information Is want
ed. So far as possible the particular
problems of individual manufacturers
and exporters will be given careful at
tention during the investigation. The
information gathered in South Amer
ica will be brought to the attention of
the industry by means of printed re
ports and also by means of interviews
when the agent returns to this coun-
try.
Sugar Beet Seed.
Plant specialists of the United
States department of agriculture say
that sugar beet seed must be produced
In the United States. The sugar beet
Industry, in which $100,000,000 is in
vested, was almost wholly dependent
in 1914 on Importations of seed. The
war made It very difficult to get seed
for 1916 planting and the situation is
now gloomy. It Is believed seed of
good quality can be developed in this
■
cooked, scorched or improperly sea- country.