9
TTOMF A N D F A R M M A G A Z IN E S E C T IO N
Health and Sanitation
Inventions and Appliances
NEW MILKING MACHINE.
N EW m ilking m achine, sig n ifican t
ly eailed “ M a n n s” (th e h an d ),
has recently been successfully
trie d ont in Sweden and is now in nse
on several dairy farm s. As m ay be
seen in th e illu stratio n , th e ap p aratu s
really does bear some resem blance to
a hand, and the m achine, w orking on
th e pressure principle, docs its w ork in
A
THE SEESAW TRICK.
OTS is not exactly a new discovery,
b u t th ere are m any who have
never made the in terestin g experi
m ent. Take tw o heated pins and stick
them into th e center o f a candle at
rig h t angles to tho wick, w hich should
be le f t exposed a t both ends. Then rest
th e pins on th e edges of tw o glasses
and trim th e candle to balance.
L ig h t th e w icks L ight th e wicks,
and beyond th e flam es at each end by
m eans of a piece of w ire fasten tw o
little figures w ith th e ir jo in ts hinged.
Now as th e candle begins to melt, a
¿Top of grease will fall from one end,
and th a t end o f the candle will riso a
littlo above th e other. Then a drop will
fall from the opposite end and a gentle
oscillation w ill begin, which gradually
increases in speed until th e little
figures a t th e end will perform the
'm ost su rprising antics a t th e ir game of
seesaw.
T
NEW W AY TO RING CHIMES.
H E G REA T BELLS in th e church
tow ers are now being ru n g by elec
tric ity , a deviee having been in
ven ted by m eans o f which th e press
ing of a b u tto n in the sacristy sta rts
th e ehimes. The bells continue to lin g
until stopped by the pressure of a sec
ond button.
F o r more th an tw o years, says a
a sim ilar m anner to hand m ilking. The New York w riter, Mr. Robischung, the
fo u r fin g ers are operated by gears and in v en to r of th e device, has been w ork
cams which give them in p airs an a lte r ing on the model of this invention.
n a tin g motion, fo rw ard an d back, and The idea w as first suggested by the
th e y are also jo in ted to give them an , recto r of th e Holy Redeemer Church,
up and down motion to ex ert pressure who is regarded as an expert in applied
on the udder, reg u lated by adjustable science.
springs. The ap p aratu s is fasten ed to
The fiv e bells weigh alm ost six tons.
th e cow by two belts, and power is Tho in v en to r firs t tried the experim ent
tra n sm itte d to it b y a flexible sh aft of rin g in g a bell w eighing from 20 to
through a friction disk, driven by a 30 pounds.
lino sh a ft along th e stalls.
A GREEN CORN HOLDER.
MOTORCYCLE SH IE L D .
E A T and a ttra c tiv e greCn-eorn
H E com bination w ind shield and
holders fo r table use can be made
mud guard fo r m otorcyclists is a
o f sm all-sized glass d raw er knobs,
recen t invention w hich promises to h aving a b o lt 1 inch in length. The
be popular with cyclists who trav el in bolt head is cu t o ff w ith a hacksaw,
all kinds of w eather, and mail carriers, and its body is filed to m ake four
delivery men, etc.., who w ant to go . sides run n in g to a tap er, leaving
about regardless of rain or snow. The
shield, w hich is in th e shape of a “ V ,’
is adju stab le, m aking it possible to
g et the maximum am ount of use from
th e device regardless of which w ay the
w ind is blowing. A t th e same tim e it
p ro tects the leg o f th e d river from
w eather both overhead and under tire,
keeping o ff rain and mud splashes.
T
A
T
N
USE CEMENT IN SETTING POSTS.
OODEN POSTS of any kind, if set
in th e o rdinary w ay, are inclined
to work loose, and som etimes be
gin to ro t in a sh o rt tim e. B oth these
troubles can be avoided if cement is
used in th eir setting.
M ake th e hole as fo r an ordinary
Betting, but instead o f filling in with
th e d irt, pour so ft cem ent around the
post u n til the hole is full. This m akes
a firm er settin g fo r th e post, and is
pro tectio n ag ain st ro ttin g .
W
The Glass Knobs Make a Clean and
Sanitary Holder for th e Ear of Corn.
j enough th read s to secure it in the knob.
The thread s are sm eared w ith w hite
i lead, then it is screwed in to th e knob
and ’ su fficien t tim e allowed for th e
lead to set before using it.
A p air of knobs are required for
each ear of corn served. The square
bolt end will hold th e e ar securely
CAMP STOVES.
while the kernels are eaten from the
H E CAMP stoves illu strated are
d iffe re n t form s of th e same idea. l cob.
B oth can be ta k e n a p a rt and laid
TO REMOVE MOULD.
f la t fo r packing. Iron rods, J inch in
H EN D A M PN ESS in a cellar or
diam eter, are used fo r th e legs. They
basem ent becomes objectionable it
are sharpened a t the low er end so th a t
may be removed by anhydrous
th ey may be easily driven into the
ground. The rods of th o one shown in calcium chloride. One pound of the salt
the firs t illu stratio n are b en t in the is su fficien t for a large cellar. I t may
form of a hook a t th e upper end, and I be placed in old tin cans. Tho mois
tw o pieces of lig h t tire iron, w ith holes tu re absorbed from the a ir collects in
the cans. This, however, is n o t poured
aw ay, b u t is evaporated on a strong
fire, and may be used again.
U nslacked lime i t best suited to ex
term in ate mould. I t is blow n, iB the
shape of a fin e powder, into th e crev-
ices and on the walls, w hich must be
damp.
T
W
Camp-Stove Top, Either Solid or
Pren-od, Suported on Rods at the
Corner*.
in e ith e r end, are hung on these book*
Across thee« supports are laid other
pieces of the tire iron. In the other
stove, th e rods have a large head and
are slipped through holes in th e four
corners of the piece of heavy sheet
iron ueed for th e top. A eo tte r is
slipped through a hole in each rod ju st
below the top, to hold th e la tte r in
place.
: “ RATTLE” TO FOOL SOLDIERS
M A CHIN E haa been invented for
im itatin g the noise o f an aero
plane engine, w ith th e object of
alarm ing hostile troops. The S ervian
and M ontenegrin soldiers used a ra ttle
during th e B alkan w ar to im itate ma
chine gun fire.
A
¡STOREROOM IN THE HOME.
H E STOREROOM fo r food may be
th e tin y closet of the fla t dweller
in a eity or tho ecllar of th e vil
lage or farm house. In th e la st ease
it often has a comm ercial as well as
a household value, since i t keeps fru its
and vegetables in good condition un
til m arketed, as well as u n til they are
neoded for the home ta b le ; b u t in any
ease, it should be dry, clean and regu
larly aired. I t m ay bo well to de
scribe a ecllar th a t is b ad ly b u ilt and
carelessly k ep t, in order to see w hat
should be exactly opposite conditions.
A Disease-Breeding C ellar.
8ueh a cellar may be dug in wet
gTonnd, w ithout su ffic ie n t d rain ag e of
th e subsoil; it m ay even be in contact
w ith open sewers or drains w hich have
been proved in certain eases to con
ta in specific organism s capable of pro
ducing disease. In m any -cases th e cel
la r b n ilt ag ain st an e arth w all is not
p ro tected from dam pness by a layer
o f m oisture-proof cem ent, and the wa
te r m ay stand in drops on its surface.
A gain, it may be dug to sueh an ex
te n t below th e su rface of th e ground
th a t th e w indows are w holly inade
q u ate fo r lig h tin g and ven tilatio n .
I t may have an earthen floor, or ono
o f b ad ly m atched boards impossible to
keep clean. I t w ill probably have a
m usty odor, proof positive th a t mold
p la n ts are th ere and ready to attack
an y fr u it and v egetables stored on
its shelves or in its d irty bins. If, in
ad d itio n to th is fa u lty construction, the
cellar is b adly kept, b its of rotting
fru it and vegetab les being le ft about,
not only will these conditions favor the
spoiling of food, b u t they may prove
in ju rio u s to th e h ealth of the fam ily
liv in g abovo stairs.
A Cellar fot Health.
A cellar th a t m eets modern require
m ents must be dng in gTonnd th a t is
w ell-drained, e ith e r n atu rally or by
a rtific ia l means. I t m ust be reraem
bered th a t a eellar is not, firs t of all,
a storeroom . I t is an essential part
o f a w ell-planned house, especially
necessary in our northern states, in
helping to keep an equable tem pera
tu re, and if its walls and floors are
w hat th ey should be it prevents damp
ness and ground air from rising into
th e house.
I f th e house is set close to the
ground the eellar windows must he
wide enough to compensate fo r their
lack of height, and must be set oppo
site each o th er in order to insure good
d ra ft. A m ethod th a t is sometimes
used is to dig ou t a space in fro n t of a
window, m aking a little a rea which,
laid in eith er b rick or stone, may be
' w hitew ashed and reflect lig h t into the
cellar; it also allows of sinking thé
! cellar w indows deeper and obtaining
b e tte r v en tilatio n .
T
Cement and Whitewash Necessary.
The walls and floors of the eellar
should be constructed of cem ent to
keep o u t m oisture, and the walls ami
ceilings should be w hitew ashed tw ice a
y ear. Even if a eellar is kept very
clean, th e e a rth y smell of vegetables
th a t arises from it when it is well
stocked is not agreeable— another rea
son fo r good v en tilation and frequent
airing. A sep arate room may be p ar
titio n ed o ff from the eellar in one
corner for sto rag e purposes.
T his can then be kept darker than
one would wish to keep the rest of the
collar. Such a room m ust, of course,
be aired now an d then. In this storage
room should be placed a movable safe
w ith w ire n e ttin g Bides and a sw inging
sh elf; and broad shelves should be
b u ilt high enough so th a t barrels may
be stored under them.
.
Tiles for Floor and Walls
The w rite r onee saw in H olland a
eellar th a t m et every possible require
m ent o f hygiene. The floors and side
w alls were o f closely m atched tiles laid
in cem ent, m aking it as tig h t as a dish
and as easily cleaned. I t was not large,
b u t its wall space was so u tilised th a t
it furnished ample storage facilities for
a large restau ran t.
aeterize the outdoor ru ral life, y et
through ignorance or Indifference the
home and life on the farm may bo quite
the opposite of healthful.
As a rulo, little or no a tte n tio n is
given to the v en tilatio n of the home.
The foul air, stag n an t w ith every va
riety of disease germ , is b reathed and
rebreathed, and if by chance a window
rem ains open, it is h astily closed fo r
fear the inm ates may “ catch co ld .”
This is especially tru e during the w in ter
season. In sum mer the hum idity of the
atm osphere will readily cause doors and
windows to rem ain wide open. A good
v en tilatin g system is very essential to
the health of the farm er and his fam ily,
especially the w ife and daughters, who
are deprived of the healthful outdoor
work of the men and boys. I f there is
a fireplace in tho heme, it should not
be closed, as tho foul a ir of th e room
will escape through this opening. P ro
vision should also be made for the en
tran ce of fresh air. The bedroom should
receive special atte n tio n in ven tilatio n .
A nother, and a very g reat enemy of
health, is personal uncleanliness. T bs
m istaken idea exists among some fa rm
ers th a t neatness and cleanliness give
them too much of a “ c ity air.
T here
are persons living today wlio have not
taken a b ath since they discarded the
garm ents of infancy. The face and
hands of th is class aro the only p a rts
of th e body th a t are su ffered to come
in contact w ith soap and w ater, and the
face a t least only oil rare occasion*
Soiled clothes are worn w ithout change
till nothing but tho p a tie n t skill und
needle of the m other or w ife will save
them from th e ragman^» cart.
I f there is anyone th a t needs a b a th
a t least once a day, and especially in
sum mer (and we all do), it is the fa rm
er. H e works out in tho hot sun all
day, perspires freely, and the dnst of
the fields clings to his m oist cloth«»;
but it docs not stop thcro— it p en etrates
to the skin and «mgs up the millions of
tin y pores of the body, causing dis
eases. Some people cannot afford an
elaborate system of hath fixtures, but
an ordinary hand basin will fill the re
quirem ents of a b ath tu b if necessary.
“ Cleanliness is next to G odliness.'
I t i s . strange th a t a man upon whom
all the nation depends for its food
supply should consent to “ s t a f f ” bis
stom ach w ith such indigestible m atter
as some fan n ers eat. P robably the most
conspicuous of th is class tiro fried ham,
fried potatoes and eggs p rep ar • ' in like
manner. These form very appetizing
dishes, and are all right in th eir way
as long as th ey d o n ’t find an egress
into the stom ach. Why not su b stitu te
fru it, vegetables and the like. P o ta
toes and eggs, when properly prepared,
are very nourishing, b u t fry in g renders
food unwholesome and is even less e c o
nomical than boiling or stew ing. Why
not keep some of th e milk th a t is sent
to the cream ery. I t can also be con
verted Into b u tte r and cheese. If the
food we la k e into our bodies is on-
b calthful, can we expect to be h e a lth y l
O f exercise, little need be said for
most farm , rs.h av c moro than necessary.
A careful observance of the laws of
n atu re will decrease the doctor hill, p ro
vide us w ith healfli and happiness and
eventually may serve to p lan t w ithin
the hearts of our boys and girls a g re a t
er love for the healthful life of the
farm as com pared to th a t of tbo eity.
TAN AN EVIDENCE OF HEALTH.
^ H E TA N N ED face is an indication
of health. I f one has failed to
acquire th is brown a fte r having
spent his vacation in th e open air, ex-
potted to the sun and w ind, then there
is som ething w rong w ith the health.
The dark pigm entation in the skin is
the result of the sun burning the
hemoglobin, or red blood stu ff, out of
the tissue units and depositing then, is
the upper layers of th e skin. The
depth of brow n th a t m ay be acquired
is the measure of o n e's v itality , and
a failu re to acquire a good color it
proof th a t one should look to h it
health. D uring th e present summer v a
cation season, ju s t keep this in mind,
and note w hat th e index tells re
garding your physical condition.
T
HEALTH OF THE FARM.
ED ICA L M EN tell ns th a t the farm
To freshen lemons whieh have be
| is the health iest abode of man.
Mildew on artielee of elothing may
They base th eir assertions chiefly come hardened, soak them for a short
be removed by soaking the artiees in
on the pare a ir and exercise tt.*t char tim e in hot w ater.
buttermilk.
M
s