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About Gresham outlook. (Gresham, Multnomah County, Or.) 1911-1991 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 21, 1914)
7 TTOMTC AND FARM MAGAZTNF SE C T IO N CAUSE OF FOUR-LEAVED CLOVER Business M ethods C o u n t in F a rm in g Also a High School Education, Says the United States Depart ment of Agriculture. A RM ERS w ith a high school edu cation m ake n early double the average income of those w ith m erely a common school education, and those who s ta rt earliest m ake the most p ro fits, according to the D epartm ent of A g ric u ltu re 's in v estig ato rs. The De p a rtm e n t 's O ffice o f F arm M anage m ent has been conducting a series of in v estig atio n s in th e corn belt which hav e brought out many d etails th a t should be of p ractical value to all a g ri cu ltu rists, These results have ju st been published in a new bulletin. U nder average conditions the farm , according to th is bulletin, is no ¡dace fo r the weak or fo r those unable to d irect work. The man who intends to spend his w orking life in th e country should s ta rt early, for success is ro t gained in a monieut b u t by mauy y ears o f persisten t effo rt. I t is tru e th a t some farm ers have made small fortunes in a short tim e, but th is is usually through a pheuomenal rise in land v a lu e .. Few men have become rich from th e real p ro fits of the laud. Those who have done so usually needed a life tim e in which to work. Through skill in m auugeiueat and by bard labor a com fortable liv in g and modi rate p ro fits may lie expected. Those |>ersons who are tu rn in g t > th e farm w ith th e inea of reapin g larg e incomes are doomed to severe disappointm ent. Those m aking the poorost incomes wei -S years of age when they started f a n n in g and were p a st 30 when they becam e owners. Du the av erage the old c st ai i a r m aking the least profits. M a: v fa rm e rs with very little school ing succeed, but these -ante u:en w ould do b t . r if t i had the o p p o rtu n ity o f fu r her train in g . No eae ever h e a rs a f i . t i u r re g r it th a t he spent a p a rt of his early L ie in -ehool. In a list ■ f 2.1 farm s operated by own r< and 217 f irm s operated by te n a n ts tin re V ’ r- only eig h t men, four owi . -. and .- n r tenant*, who never had a school train in g . O f the owners and 1« nan ts 77 per cent [i!tended a com mon or d istrict sehaot. A bout lfr per cent attend* 1 a high sehool, and one out of evi rv So went to college or to sonic in stitu tio n of sim ilar grade. On I he whole th e te n a n ts had received more education th an th e owners, 23 per cent o f them h aving more th an ft d is tric t school education, w hile only 20 per cen t of the ow ners had such train in g . Those men h aving the best train in g m ade the largest incomes, although th ey w ere m aterially helped in doing thia by much larg er farm s and g reater c a p i F 4 A tal. P ro fita b le F arm ing K eeps the B oy on th e Farm . t F arm in g is a business the same as any other in d u stry , and until our schools teach some of th e fun d am en tal principles governing p ro fitab le fa rm ing, the farm boy is likely to seek work elsew here. C onsidering th a t the farm boys of today will be th e farm ers of tom orrow , too little atte n tio n is given t<> th eir train in g . M any boys leave th e farm because th e y see no fo tu re in it. A nother im p o rta n t reason is th e lack of p ro fitab le work a t home. A m oderate sized farm is necessary to give em ploym ent to the farm er and his sons. The small farm does not provide w ork; hence, the boys m ust fin d em ploym ent elsewhere. L et them fully u n derstand bow farm p ro fits and losses are m ade and th ere will be an incentive to rem ain. F irst i..ake our farm s p ro fitab le, and the question o f keeping th e boys th ere will solve itself. Successful farm in g is an individual, economic problem. The farm is a com b in atio n of enterprises, and th eir in dividual organization will determ ine, in a largo m easure, its profitableness. S u ffic ie n t area and a proper organism- tio n of well selected farm enterprises to p erm it the maximum use of men, horses and m achinery, are th e essen tia l ch aracteristics of th e most success fu l farm s. a Size of the Farm Business. « and th e cap ital invested. The sm all farm furnishes a home as well as much of th e produce consumed by the fam ily. I f it w ere not fo r these facto rs the men on th e sm all a rea would hardly be able to live. W ages are a rew ard for labor, and if a farm does not provide work the pay m ust bo correspondingly small. The fam ily size farm , which in th e corn b elt should be above 100 acres, is unquestionably a more efficien t u n it th an an area o f 40 acres or less. Crops can be grown cheaper, labor will be b e tte r p aid , and th e farm er and his fam ily will enjoy more of th e b en efits of modern civilization. Q uality o f the Farm Business. The farm er may have su fficien t area and grow th e rig h t kind of crops, yet not be successful, owing to the poor q u ality o f his en tire business. Poor crops th a t do n et pay th e cost of p ro duction, and th e feeding of these to u n productive livestock, are common causes of failure. T his c h aracteristic of un successful farm ing a ttra c ts much pub lie atten tio n . Such farm s are u n p ro fit able larg ely through ignorance or in d ifference on the p a r t of the operator. U nder good m anagem ent th ey can gen erallv l>e made successful. D iv ersity of th e farm ouainess— Im proper organ izatio n of a large farm lim its its possibilities, ju s t as area lim its th e sm all farm . Single cro|»s or single livestock en terp rises seldom u til ize farm labor a t its maximum. By having several crops th ere is not only b e tte r d istrib u tio n o f labor, b u t the chances o f to tal loss from crop failures are lessened. F o rtu n ately , eorn, oats and w heat u tilize th e fa rm e r's tim e p re tty thoroughly through the grow ing season. In some p a rts of th is country certain crops that, need labor only a p a rt of th e y ear may be so pro fitab le th a t th e farm er can a ffo rd to be idle the rest of th e venr. I'ow ever. these are the exceptions. M ost crops are not p ro fitab le enough to p erm it any such practice. Idle horses and m achinery are nearly as expensive as idle men. I f the w orking equipm ent enn all be kept usy on payinf enterprises, success is alm ost assured. Z * INCE a four leaved clover is said to be “ lu c k y ,” it m ight be well to known how it happens th a t while most clover has only th ree leaves, one is found now and then w ith four. A ccording to J. P errirnz, who dis cusses the question in th e A rchives de* Sciences Physiques et N aturellvs, clov ers w ith more th an three leaves are due to tw o causes—-one h ered itary , the o th er n u tritiv e. A fter a m oist season clover plants w ith four or even five, six or seven leaves are relativ ely com mon, and plants with only tw o leaves are also seen a t such tim es, b u t these are very rare. B ut some are abnorm al by heredity and reproduce them selves w ith th e same ch aracteristics in successive y ears when th eir environm ent rem ains the same, ex tern al influences m erely m odifying th e size of the leaves. COWPEAS AS FOOD FOR MAN. OM'PEAS are p a rtic u la rly well suit ed fo r use in localities w here they will m ature crops, and both their n u tritiv e value and eneapness, as well as th e ir good flavor and th e numerous w avs in which th ey can be used should recommend them to th e housewife. Though fav o rab ly known ¡w a staple food in th e southern states, th e eow|iea has not come into general use through out th e U n ited S tates. I t is well worth g reatly extended use as it is whole some, n u tritio u s and possesses a peculiar d elicate and pleasing flav o r, i owpeas are used on th e table in th re e forms. In th e pod, shelled green aud shelled dried. In tese th ree form s th ey corre spond respectively to strin g beans, shelled green peas and dried n avy beaus, and call fo r much the sam e m ethods of p rep aratio n fo r th e table. C T H E STO RY OF A STUDENT No. 5. T h a n k s tn th e sound tra in in g at the B E H N K E W A JaK ER B U S IN E S S COL L E G E . I»n haa “ made g o o d “ and haa been speedily prom oted. Som e of o u r g ra d u a te s are holding p o sitio n s p a y in g from $ 2 .000 to $10,000 p e r annum Wo can do the sam e for you. B U S IN E S S COLLEGE. I. M. Walker, President. PO R TL A N D . OREGON. W rite us. No trouble to answ er. THE LIFE CAREER “ S ch o o lin g ia yo u th shou ld invariably he d irected to prep are a person in the t<at w a y for th e beat p erm a n en t occup ation for w hich he w c a p a b le /* - Preaid eatC . W Mhot. This is the Mission of the F orty-sixth School Year Opens SEPTEHBER 18th, 1914 W rite for Illustrated loo-page Book let, " T he LIFE C areer ," and for Cata log containing fu ll information. d e g r e e C o u r s e s — AGRICULTURE : Agronomy, Anim al Husbandry, Dairy Hus bandry. P oultry Husbandry, Horticulture. Agriculture for Teachers. FORESTRY, logging E ngineering . H ome E co nom ics : Domestic Science, Domestic Art. E ngineering : Electrical, Irrigation, H ighw ay, Mechanical, Chemical, Mining. Ceramics. COMMERCE. I ndustrial arts . PHARMACY. The expense fo r tw ine in c u ttin g 10, Vocational Courier-Agriculture, D a iry 000 acres in an E astern s ta te averaged ing, Home M akers’ Course, Industrial 21 cents per acre or seven-tenths of a Arts, Forestry, Business Short Course. School o f M usic—Piano, String, band, cent per bushel. Voice C ulture. Farmer» Businesa C o u rw by M a il F re * Women buy from 75 to 90 per cent A d.lrc«. TKK RKGISTRAK. of th e m erchandise sold, says a trade ftw-7-15 to 9-9) C orvallis, nrer© « jou rn al. War and Business E L IT E P R IV A T E BUSINESS COLLEGE life are tw o v a stly d ifferen t thing«— b u t th ey are alike in thia— proper pre paration is NECESSARY to success in A d ap ta b ility o f the T ype o f Farm ing. either. Equally im jiortant in th e selection o f en terp rises to perm it th e miximum use of labor is the consideration of the p rofitableness of each. D airy cows and cash crops may u tilize al lo f the farm e r 's tim e, but in ce rta in regions, pos sibly, d airy ca ttle under th e best man agem ent could hardly be made to pay Thfl w»o«t modern method« of instruction a p ro fit. M arkets and o th er conditions and the bent teachers obtainable, both ia have to be carefu lly considered in ability and eaperience. choosing th e enterprises w hich are to Efficiency—the watchword in n»«4em fenei- co n stitu te th e main sources o f income. ie«a— is the watchword in this school, Rapid F ittin g th e rig h t crop to th e soil and progress combined with tboron<hneas. In a selling it to the proper m arket or feed nutshell—our courses are as abort as any ing it to th e rig h t k in d o f livestock food courses can he— sad campletiag a course are im p o rtan t factors. Follow ing such guarantees getting • position. Write today ty p es of farm in g as are unsuited to th e to C. E. CARLTON, Principal. MAUDE 1. DECREE. A. M. region is often a cause of u n p ro fitab le CENTRAL BUILDING Principal. Portland - - • Oregon ag ricu ltu re in some o f th e older settled 404 Commonwealth Building, states. P ortland, Oregon. The wide flu ctu atio n in prices of eer SP E C IA L R A TES ta in crops m akes it ex trem ely d iffic u lt I f Y on E nroll B efore Septem ber 1st. fo r a farm er to choose a d efin ite ro ta tion. One y ear th ey w ill be such as to A GREAT OPPORTUNITY T h irty -N in th Year give handsom e p ro fits on ce rta in crops, for young men mechanically inclined is N ew B uildings— N ew Equipm ent and th e next y ear th ey m ay be in s u f our Automobile Engineering Course. Too A d dition s to F a cu lty receive a thorough knowledge of repair ficien t to pay the cost of production. ing and assembling automobiles, and how Liberal Arts Journalism The question co n fro n tin g th e average to opertlte gasoline engines of all kinds. and S cien ces Law farm er is no t so much one of produc California haa more automobiles than Commerce A rchitecture tion as it is of m arketing. M ost farm any other Western state. We help -<»■ find a position after griduatiou. I ndorsed and F inance Teaching ers arc able to grow e su ffic ie n t quan by Homo Industry League. Chartered M edicine Graduate School titv of crops to give th e n a very com 1903. Booklet describing this and 00 For C atalogue and L iterature fo rtab le liv in g if th ey are assured of other money making courses sent FREE. Send Postcard to R egistrar, I>ept. 0. reasonable prices fo r th e ir products. Eugene, Oregon. H owever, n n d er presen t conditions he MODERN SCHOOL OF CORRESPONDENCE Underwood Bldg., Ban Francisco. farm er has to ta k e big chances w ith n early all of his crops. I f he is so un fo rtu n a te as to have a com bination of crops every one of which is low in price in some p a rtic u la r y ear, severe losses will be th e result. P o tato es, apples, VOCAL, PHYSICAL AND ESTHETIC CULTURE peaches ,onions and ra b b a g e are good LITERATURE, WITH ANALYSTS AND INTERPRETIVE RENDERING Ulus 'a t ons of th e crops th a t flu ctu ate BHETOBIO, ORATORY AND DRAMATIC ART A STUDENTS' CLUB FOB DRILL IN EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING w idely in price from y e a r to year. ENTRAL OMMERCIAL OLLEGE C University of Oregon G illespie School o f Expression The e ssen tia l ch aracteristics o f the more su ccessfu l farm s are a su ffic ie n t area and a proper organ ization of well- selected farm enterprises to perm it the maximum use of m en, horses and ma chinery. N o o n i e rp ecta a sm all grocery store w hich has only a few custom ers a day to be a g re a t fin an cial success. The to ta l am ount of business ia in su f fic ie n t to earn th e o p erato r a su b sta n tia l income. E x a c tly th e same i t tru e A h u i t boras, Ariani rad la v a r a w i t o , w ith the small farm . The volume of will kelp U keep Ike ek lA rea's teetk eleao business ia lim ited by the area in crops a«4 eoaoA. DEBATE AND PARLIAMENTARY LAW CONTINUOUS FORENOON CLASSES INDIVIDUAL WORK AFTERNOON AND EVENINGS A PUBLIC CLASS EVERY MONDAY EVENING Fall Term Opens October 13, 1914 Individual Work Bc<:o» Stpual« (. *34 Marrlaon StrMt. EMMA WILSON GILLESPIE. Principal. Plioaaa Main 6031. A 4*72. Portland, O rtfon
