7 HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION A m o n g th e O rch a rd s o f th e N o rth w e st A Page of Interesting Advice and Inform ation About Fruits, Large and Small. * ♦> <• %• €> <•> €> €> «r <•> <•> <e> ♦ €> ♦ To get best resu lts from b erry fields i t is necessary to tr a in th e plant« to some so rt of trellis fo r the support of th e canes. The kin d of trellis to use and tMe m ethod o f tra in in g depend upon th e k in d of b erries and fiieir h a b it of grow th. 14ed rasp- b erries an d high bush black- berries whose h ab it of grow th is u p rig h t are usually tra in e d on a d iffe re n t so rt o f trellis from tra ile rs such as L og an b erries and E vergrocn b lackberries. Mr. S tah l, the w riter of th is article, is h o rtic u ltu rist a t th e W ashington S ta te E x p erim en t <#• <S> e held in place b y stre tc h in g a tem porary w ire on th e w est side o f them and a few inches below th e low er w ire of the trellis ti w hich th e b earin g canes are tied. S tretch in g of th e tem p o rary w ire m ay be done an y tim e a fte r th e young canes are th ree or fo u r fe e t in height an d before h arv est. W ith th is system of tra in in g th e pickers are in the shade of th e p lan ts most o f the day. C u ltiv a t in g is m ade no h ard er th an w ith other system s and th e canes are given every o p p o rtu n ity fo r developm ent. ♦ <®> <i> <f> <f> <$> <i> System E Given. •"$> System E. A few grow ers who do not <?> care fo r early b erries are ad o p tin g the •$> follow ing system . P o sts are set and Some of th e grow ers instead of train ing th e canes on a double trellis have th reo w ires, one above tho other, and ab o u t eighteen or tw e n ty inches ap art. Th b earin g canes are curled, snail fa s h ion, over one w ire and under tho next instead of serpentine fashion above and below cross strips. The young canes aro allowed to rem ain on th e ground u n d er n eath th e trellis u n til th e bearing canes ench month g e t s . . . . . . . . $ 500 00 7 .50 each mouth g e t s . . . . . . . 1,000 00 1 4.00 each month g e t s . . . . . . . . 3.0 00 .0 0 $ 3.50 Station. T The firs t railroad in P russia to use electric tractio n on a large scale ob tained much of its equipm ent from the U nited S tates. He W ho Saves 'S' cross pieces atta c h e d as in system A, <?• b u t at a h eig h t o f fiv e feet. The cross pieces are o f one inch boards six inches ♦ ♦ in w idth and ab o u t sixteen inches in length. In ste a d o f stap lin g th e w ires to the BY J . L. STAHL. cross pieces, holes a re bored ab o u t two H E R E are several m ethods or sys inches from th e ends and th ree inches tem s of tra in in g red raspberries, from th e to p o f each board. Through now in use, some of w hich are e x these holes th e w ires are draw n. About cellent while others are not so desirable. tw o inches above and an inch nearer S ystem A. M any b erry grow ers use each end o f th e board o th er holes are a trellis m ade o f tw o No. 14 w ires m ade fo r two m ore wires. A notch is m ade to th e top holes w ith stru n g horizontally on cross pieces made o f 2x4 ’a. The cross pieces are usually a saw so th a t w ires can be easily pushed 12 to 16 inches in length and nailed to into th e holes from th e top of the board. u p rig h t posts a t a h eig h t o f about four The top w ires aro stru n g loosely until an d a h a lf feet. Seven-foot posts are the canes are in place. The fru itin g used and set ab o u t tw o fe e t in the canes o f each hill are d ivided; h alf are ground and th irty to fo rty feet ap art. placed outside o f th e low er w ire on one The canes are kept betw een th e w ires side and h a lf th e sam e w ay on th e other an d out of th e w ay durin g cu ltiv atio n , side. The u p p er w ire is th en draw n b u t th e old and now eanes are not sep a tig h t and th e canes held securely in rated . W ith th is system o f tra in in g th e position w ith no tying. T here is a space o f tw elv e inches b e new canes aro o ften in the w ay during h a rv e stin g and are som etim es b ad ly in tw een each low er w ire in which the young canes are allowed to develop. In ju re d by th e pickers. System B. A nother m ethod of tr a in th is w ay th e young canes are not in ing uses a double trellis h aving two ju red durin g h a rv e s tin g and do not in cross pieces and fo u r wires. One p air terfero w ith th e fru itin g eanes. P ic k o f these w ires are placed a t a h eig h t ing is done from both sides o f th e row. o f tw o fe e t, and th e o th er p air a t a This system m akes h arv e stin g easy and h eig h t of four and h a lf fe e t from th e th e foliage dries quickly a fte r a rain. ground. W ith th is eystem th e old or The fru itin g canes a re usually c u t back b earin g canes are b en t over and held to a h eight o f six feet, m aking the firm by w eaving them to th e w ires on fru itin g season a little la te r th an when one side and th e new shoots are allowed some of th e o th er system s o f tra in in g to grow u p rig h t betw een th e p airs of aro used. w ires and o u t o f th e way of the b earin g High-Bush Blackberries. canes. The posts and cross pieces of The high bush b lack b e rry is some th e tre llis are very sim ilar to those of tim es set in hills six feet a p a rt each th e preceding system . G rowers using w ay, b n t more often th e p lan ts are set th is m ethod of tra in in g are very much in rows seven or eig h t feet a p a rt and pleased w ith it and claim th e f r u it is about th ree feet a p a rt betw een in d i easily picked and the new canes very vidual plants. The m ethod of tra in in g seldom d istu rb ed or in ju red a t harv est is v ery sim ilar to System A described time. fo r tra in in g red raspberries. W hen th e System C. Some grow ers in stead of fru its are p a tria llv developed, th e fru it h av in g eith e r a single or double trellis ing shoots are draw n to th e outside of o f horizontal w ires and cross pieces th e trellis, w here th ey h an g in easy hav e but one w ire from post to post on reach o f th e pickers. w hich th e b earin g canes are fasten ed . Svstem F. M ost of th e tra ile r black I t is usually stretch ed betw een fo u r and berries, such as E vergreen, are « tin fiv e feet in height. The canes are some ported by a double trellis q u ite like that* tim es woven to th e wire b u t q u ite often used in System B fo r red raspberries, a re b e n t over and tied. The new canes b u t th e posts are set eloser and cross are allow ed to grow erect and sh o rtly pieces o f wood or w ire connect each b efo re h arv est tim e th ey are tied to a p a ir o f wires. The posts are usually set tem p o rary wire. sixteen to tw enty- fo n r feet a p a rt and th e cross strip s nn th e w ires are at Old T rench M ethod. A ny o f th e system s so fa r m entioned in terv als of tw en ty -fo u r or th irty can be used in fields h aving row s set inches. The low er p a ir of w ires su p ports th e young canes as th e y are de ■even fe e t ap art. System I>. A plan o f tra in in g very veloped and th e upper trsllis holds the much like th e old F rench m ethod has b earin g canes. The cross strip s nr slats been trie d by some grow ers and is be on each p a ir o f w ires are u su ally ' made in g adopted in a num ber o f new ly set o f wood. T hey are held to tho w ires fields. The row s are set no rth and b y notches in th e wood or b y stap lin g south, eig h t fe e t ap a rt, and trellis one end of th e strip to one w ire and placed ab o u t a foot to the east of each d riv in g a shingle n ail in th s o th er end row. The tre llis is made by using eig h t in such a m anner th a t it hooks oveT the o th er wire. Tho strip s can thus easily fo o t posts ten inches to a fo o t in diam eter. T hey are set three fe e t in be rem oved when th e eanes are ent out o r raised. The eanes are tra in e d serpn th e ground ab o u t fifty fe e t ap art. P osts tin fashion above and below th e cross seven feet in len g th may be su b stitu ted but they m ust be set closer. A wire is strip s and held firm ly to tb etrellis. A fte r th e b earin g eanes h av e produced ■retched from poet to poet, throe feet a crop th ey aro eut out and the young from the ground, and on th e side o f th e eanes raised in th e ir place. poets nearest th e plan ts. The b earin g Loganberries. canes are draw n over to th e w ire and f’v’tem S . A f»w grow ers tra in the securely tie d w ith strin g . On th e oppo site side o f each post and ten or tw elve young eanes a t a h eig h t of fiv e fe e t six inches h ig h e r an o th er w ire is stretched. inches and the b earin g canes below at The b earin g eanea h ang over th is w ire a h eight of fo rty inches. T hey lik e th is b u t are nu t tied to it. As th e fr u it is m ethod b e tte r th a n th e preceding one. | developed th e canes g rad u ally droop u n W ith both system s th e eanes m ay all l til they rest on the upper w ire. They be tra in e d in th e same d irection b u t are thus supported and can oe easily usually h a lf o f th e b earin g eanos in pushed to one side w ith o u t in ju ry a« each bill and h alf of to e young eanes th e fr u it is picked. A ’l o f th e p ick in g is are train ed in opposite directions. In general the systems for training done from th e east side of th e row and th e new canes are n o t distu rb ed . The Logan bernas are the asms as for Ever new or young canes grow sre« t aud are grvuuS. have been rem oved and then are trained to tak e th e ir place. W ith th is plan the p lants may be set closer in tho rows than w ith other sya- ■terns of train in g . 2 1.00 each mouth g e t s . . . . Larger or Sm aller Rums in the Sam e Proportion. WRITE FOR BOOKLET WHICH TELLS HOW IT IS DONE. You Incur No Obligation. 0HA8. E. LADD, Pres. THEO. B. WILCOX, Vice Pres. EDW. COOKTNOHAM, Vice Free. F. M cK E R C H EE , S e c ’ry. EQUITABLE SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION 240-242 Stark Street. Portland, Oregon. MAKE YOUR MONEY EARN MORE MONEY — — > r n ——— ^ m ss ^ ^ — The opportunity of the year, and of the splendid era that is opening in Seattle's prosperity! Become associated with a strong organization, made up of leading business men in whom the pub lic have the fullest confidence, and operating along lines marvel cusly successful in other states, but never developed before to their fullest possibilities in the Northwest. HELP TO BUILD THE GREATER SEATTLE Pacific Home Builders U O. SHEET • * President end Manager Pre» H. O. Rhnsy A Co. s a d R qniteble Build ing. I*oan and Investm en t A ssociation. FRED C. PERTH w • V iosPrssideirt Manager V ulcan Iron W orks. . . . Secretary Treaanrar R. BELL DIRECTORS H R. A. K. F A. K W Cha* A ttorney and Capital iat. Knuff. Ameriean Bteel A Wir« Company. Ernst, Pres. E rnst H ardware A Plum ing (Jo. Usm pbell, N ational C ity Bank. A V ISO R Y BOARD. Mai A lvin H. H enkine, Msnn facta ring Jew elsr. Georg» Benckaert, Wholesale snd retail Confections». Dr. M A. M atthew s, P setor F irst Presby tsri aa Cbwrch. H. A. K isibsB , Asst Genl. F reight A gent Grsa» Northern R ailw sy. C. H. Bo »eh mann, T r o s s and M g s N orthw estern Ft sh er i«» Clo. Gawrge F. Vsndsrvwr. V anderveer A C nnunlngs g. J. n m se h e r , Castaier F irst State Bank. P r a s s e lt W ashington. kfaraws Zuger. P r e s F seh a n g e Bank o f W s its b iu > W ashington. C ast. W. F. Pauli, P r e s W est Seattle S tate Bank. Franklin Shuey & Co. FISCAL A GENTS 562-564 Empire Bldg. P h ons M ais 2O7S SEATTLE 4 ZZ