Image provided by: Morrow County Museum; Heppner, OR
About Heppner times. (Heppner, Or.) 1???-1912 | View Entire Issue (March 31, 1904)
THE HEPPHER TIMES Pabskd Every Th HEPPNER OREGON EVENTS OF THE DAY Comprehensive Review of th Import nt Happenings f th Put Week. Presented in Condensed Form, Mosl Ljkely to Provo Iaterttns Mobilization of the Manchurian army ia now complete. The South has just been visited by the greatest storm since 1872. General Kouropatkin has arrived at Mukden and assumed command. The sundry -civil appropriation bill will leave a good surplus for the year The senate committee has reported a bill to punish assassins of presidents. The house committee has completed its report on ti.e 1905 fair bill and recommends $475,000 be given for an exhibit. The Russian fleet at Port Arthur made a trip out of the harbor to locate the Japanese fleet, but could find no trace of the enemy. London is horrified by the deeds of a modern Bluebeard. Eight women are known to bear bis name and two of them were murdered. Fire in Wall street caused much ex citament and for a time threatened one of the largest commercial centers in the world with destruction. Russians are strongly fortifying the country about Antung. Japanese continue to ruBh forces from Chmampo to Ping 1 ang Floods following the gale in the vicin ity of Chicago caused heavy property losses. China has been given new assurances that Russia will disarm the gunboat Mandjur Almost all of the Panama troops have been disbanded. Only one battalion is now under the colors. Much property was destroyed and several persons injured in a tornado near Fort Smith, Ark. United States Minister Dudley re Dorte that bubonic plague has broken out in three porta in Peru. Senator Hanford declares that the railroad lobby is back of the move to repeal the present land laws. The dowager empress of China has rejected the proposals of generals to make an open alliance with Japan, A report to the Corean government shows that Russian troops began cross ing into Core four dy before Japan made her first attack on Port Arthur. Colorado military ia again deporting striking miners. Newell is anxious that irriggation works be begun in Oregon. The house has again voted against an investigation of the poetoffica depart ment. Russia believe that Japan intends to land a force in China . on neutral ground. The public minister of France decide that Colombia has no case in the Pana ma canal matter. The Japanese have effectively block aded Port Arthur, sinking seven vessels in the harbor entrance. Russia denies that one ot ber war vessels was blown up by coming in contact with a floating mine. Damaged Russian warships are said to have been repaired with such baste that they dare not venture out Russia has bought a wireless tele- TWO STATES ARB CREATED. House Committee Decides Four Terri- ritorlea Should Bo Combined. Washington, March 29 The states f Oklahoma and Arizona are created in a bill which has been completed by the Republican members of the sub committee of the house committee on territories. The Democratic members of this committee have been placed in possession of the bill, and after they have considered it for a few days a meeting of the full subcommittee will be held. The two states mentioned are composed of Oklahoma and Indian Territory, as "Oklahoma" and Arizona and New Mexico as "Arizona." The admission of the latter two territories is not delayed by any restriction of law, but may be effected as soon as a conven tion can be called to form a state con stitution. The bill provides, however, that Oklahoma and the Indian Territory shall not be admitted as a state until the year 1906. By this time all the Indian lands will have been allotted. The problem of providing proper reve nue for schools, growing out of the fact that the Indian lands of Oklahoma and Indian territory have been allotted in severalty to the Indians under a law which makes them non-taxable, haa been met by an appropriation of $5, 000,000 out of the treasury. This money is to be used to establish and THE maintain schools. The principal of this fund may be used to the, extent necessary, the balance being placet! in deposit at 3 per cent to the credit of the state for the maintenance of the schools established. The state constitution to be formed under the bill must contain an abund ant prohibition of polygamy. Suffrage cannot be restricted except for ignor ance, lmDecinty, age ana sex. inis will not permit woman suffrage if the constitution to be adopted shall so pro vide. Negro suffrage cannot be re stricted as such. MONEY .TO CANAL DALLES PROJECT IS IN SUN DRY CIVIL BILL. Amount la $100,000 Shows That Con. gresa Adopts Work aa Continuing Contract Senators Will Introduce Amendment Making Appropriation ol $300,000. QALB WORK RUN. Washington, March 28. The sundry civil bill reported to the house today contains but one important item for the Pacific Northwest, namely, $100,- 000 for continuing the improvement of the Columbia river between The Dalles and Celilo. The fact that this appro priation is carried in the sundry civil bill establishes beyond question the fact that congress has adopted The Dalles project as a continuing contract, and that necessary appropriations (or car rying on and completing the work will hereafter be made annually in the sun drv civil hill, a river and harbor bill ----- ' not being depended upon, Unfortunately, the bill makes no ap propriation for carrying on work at the mouth of the Columbia river but the senators will endeavor to attach an amendment appropriating $500,000 for this project $625,000 for the Columbia and Willamette below Portland, an in creasimr the appropriation for The Dalles canal to at least $300,000. The sundry civil bill carries $24,000 for rent of temporary quarters for the Portland postoftice and for the courts $100,000 additional for the Seattle pub lie building; $120,000 to commence construction of the public building at Spokane. $40,000 for the Tacoma build ing, and $3,000 for Crater lake national park. f HAWAII IS BEST CUSTOMER. Chicago and Suburbs are Swept by a Fierce Wind Storm. Chicago, March 26. One of the moot severe storms this city has known in many years passed over Chicago to night. Great damage was dune in the suburbs. The storm did not strike the business portion of the city in ita great est force. The town of Indiana harbor, 20 miles southeast of Chicago, was the heaviest sufferer, L. Barker, the proprietor of dry goods store, was killed, and 15 peoplewho were in his store when the storm struck were injured, tome of them seriously, although none Is ex pected to die. Barker a store was en tirely demolished. Eighteen residences were blown down, and a numlier of people were hurt in the ruins of their homes. The number of people injured at Indiana Harbor witl probably ap proximate 25. All three ot the hotels in the place were badly dumaged. One two stoiy frame building was entirely turned over. At Hammond, Ind., a numlier of resiliences were badly damaged, and two people were injured, but not fatally. One end of the large plant of the Re public Iron & Steel company was blown down, causing a lose of $25,000. A numlier of business houses were un roofed. To the north of the city the storm was also severe, much damage having been done in the suburbs of K vans ton, Rogers Park and Thornton. An exceedingly heavy fall of rain accompanied the storm. In Thornton a frame dwelling was blown into a stone quarry and reduced to kindling wood. One man was fatally hurt and several other persons were se verely injured. ANNOUNCES RUSSIA'S AIMS. Czar Says War Must Establish Her Pre dominance on Psclllc. St. Petersburg, March 29 The text of the emperor's message to Viceroy Alexieff notifying him of the appoint ment of General Kouropatkin to the command of the Russian troops in the Far East and Vice Admiral Makaroff to the command of the fleet of Port Arth ur, not only clearly defines the latter's position, but specifically announces Russia's aims. The message follows: "The importance of the impending struggle which is intended to finally assure the predominating position of Russia on the Pacific ocean, and fore seeing that it will be necessary for you, as my lieutenant, to transfer your resi dence to a more central position, lor instance, Harbin or some other place of your choice, I have found it expedient to send to your assistance General Kouropatkin or the direction of the land forces with the rights of army commander and Vice Admiral Makaroff for the direction of the sea forces, with fights of fleet commander. I am con vinced that the appointment of these independent, responsible commanders in chief will enable you, as my lieu tenant, to discharge the difficult and historic task which has fallen to your lot." FLEETS TO L'NITB IN FALL. Raaala Will Completely Overhaul One Squadron la the Meantime. Paris, March 29. A St. Petersburg correspondent of the Petite Parisienne reports an interview with a high officer of the Russian navy regarding the de partnre of the Baltic squadron for the rar hast. The fleet of Admiral Wire nius will, this officer says, be recalled and thoroughly overhauled. He adds that the united squadrons cannot leave before the end of September, when the sectional torpedo boats which are to be American Trade With Noncontiguous Territory. Washington. March 28. Commerce of the United States with its noncon tiifuous territory now averages about $8,000,000 per month, and it is appa ent that for the full fiscal year it will airoreirate around $100,000,000. In the rn ct - term "noncontiguous territory are in eluded Alaska, the Hawaiian islands the Philippine islands, Guam, Tutui and Porto Rico. Records of their ship ments to the ports of the United Status and of shipments from the various ports to them are now regularly pre sented by the department of commerce and labor, through its bureau ol statis tics. These records show that the ship ments from the United States to Alaska Hawaii, Porto Rico, the Philippines Guam and Tutuila aggregated in tl seven months ending with January, 1904, nearly $21,000,000, and the merchandise received from them in the same period, nearly $31,000,000. If to this is added the gold bullion re ceived from Alaska, the grand total of our commerce with the territory in question for the seven months ending with January would amount to nearly $60,000,000, which makes it quite ap parent that for the fiscal year ending with June 30 next, the total will be fully $100,000,000. Of the shipments to these noncon- tiugons territories, the largest total for the seven months under consideration is to Hawaii, $7,224,156 worth of domes tic merchandise and of foreign mer chandise, $52,677. FAVORS TWO LAND DISTRICTS. DESTRUCTIVE HIRE PRAIRIES OF NEBRASKA ARE INQ SWEPT CLEAN. BE Blaze la Past Hep ol Control-Property Valued at $100,000 Already Des troyedThree Deaths Reported and Several Persons Missing Number ol S nail Towns la Danger. JAPS DRIVLN Ol P. CHINA KILLS IT. I-ooinis, Neb., March 25. A prairie fire Is raging through this section of the state, and already three deaths are teported, while a number of farmers are missing. Houses and stock run ning far toward $100,000 have already been lost, and the fire continues with unabated fury. August Olson, an aged funnel, is known to have been burned to death and two of his hands are missing. James Lewis and William Anderson, ranchmen, are also dead. A numlier of cowboys are reported missing from different directions. The flames are past all hope cf con trol, and are leaping across the prairie at racehorse speed, burning everything in its path. The Burlington railroad lias sent a sjiecial train with fire-lighters from Holdredge to assist the ranclimen in saving the small towns in the path of the Hames. From Loomis to the Platte river, 15 miles, the whole coun try will bo swept clear by the tire. Further to the west, toward which the blaze Is sweeping, the prairie country extenJs for nearly 200 miles. There are no streams of note along th country, and the fire may sweep to the bend of the Platte liver in that direc- tion. sent to Port Arthur will be ready. graph system and will use it in connec- This will give the Russians a decided tion with the transportation e' troops superiority and the war, the officer as- across Lake Baikel. I serts, will I brought to a speedy close The senate baa passed the Indian ap- J18 ' correspondent'abformant declares tironriation bill carrying funds for the ",e. cru,BPr umnTi on ac" i v, ' .v,j count of its slowness, will remain at nome. A crisis in the tea trade, adds the The house has torned down the correspondent, has been caused bv amendment to give Bristow lest power, merchants, who announce that a 10 tier Th Japanese advance toward Pino K"t advance in price Will be made to- Yang is more rapid than the Russians a'7- Exclusion Act Will Expire on the 27tb ol Next December. Washington, March 26. The state department has received formal notice from the Chine.e government denounc ing the Chinese exclusion treaty, so this convention will expire about lecemlier 27 next, unless replaced by another treaty by that date. Under its terms six months liefore the expiration of a period of ten vears from Iiecember 27, 1894, if either iKiwer lie dissatisfied with the treaty, it is required to de nounce it. This is the action which China has taken, in spite of the strong est efforts to the contrary on the part of the state department. Had the notice not been served, the treaty would have continued in force fur another term of ten years from December 27, 1904. The department pointed out to the Pekin authorities through Mr Conger that it was very probable that, so far from bettering the conditions relating to the admission of Chinese into the United States, any new treaty would .eJl of approval by the senate. .The Chinese would thus be exposed, in the absence of the sheltering treaty, to the full rigor of the Geary and Heinz law, and the exclusion would be much more complete than at present. However, the treaty having been de nounced, there is nothing to do but to proceed with a formulation of a new treaty, which has already been initiat ed in a way, although with little hope of senatorial approval. Admiral Togo'a. Ilntlra Meet Bombards Port Arthur. St. Petersburg, March 24. Another attack by the Japanese fleet on Port Arthur, beginning with nitrations by torpedo boats and ending with a bom bardment by Itattleabips and cruisers, took place after midnight Monday. The emperor received the first mes sage regarding the attack lat thia af ternoon, but nothing was allowed to reach the public until 10 o'clock. All information which lis reached St. Petersburg shows that the defend ers of Port Arthur had taken seriously to heart the coup of the Japanene tor pedo boat at the beginning of the war, and were now maintaining a sharp lookout. The Japanese torpedo Imata were. twice discovered sneaking toward the harbor entrance under cover of dark ness, but both times they were detected far out at sea, and were driven off by the hot fire opened on them. The breaking of day ncesesarlly prevented further torpedo boat operations, but Admiral Togo brought his battleship and cruisers up. The dlvlsiou of hi fleet waa for the purpose of making a cross fire upon the harbor In the hop of destroying the town and of damag ing the Russian ships lying in the basin, or at leust demoralizing the per sonnel of the defending force. When the first official dispatches were re ceived the belief gained ground that Vice Admiral Makaroff had put to sea. and that a naval fight had taken place, later advices established the fact that the admiral had simply gone with the undamaged portion of his fleet to td outer roads, where he could more effec tively support the batteries, and at th same time take advantage of any weak ness which might develop in the tne my'a attack. JAPAN'S FOOTHOLD IS STRONO. AID TO 'OS Fair. Handl- Elaborat Preparations Mad lor Ing Troop la Cores. Chinampo, Corea, March 25. The organization of the Japanese In Core is jierfect. Elaborate preparations have lieen made for landing troops and ad vancing them through the country, and pontoon bridge and stables are built wherever they are found to lie necessary. The greatest difficulty fac ing the Japanese is the commissariat, as, owing to the jioor loou supplies oi Corea. It is only possible at present to maintain 90,000 men. The Japanese hold two enormously strong positions at Ping Yang and on the Miakokak-San range lietwcen Hwaing-Ju and Seoul. The latter is practically impregnable and secure from land attacks from the northwest In the event of defeat, it is intended to hold the passes at Kazan, thus protect ing Ping Yang valley. The Japanese troops are suffering from dysentery and pneumonia, and many of the cavalry horses, which are poor, have died, but the army is full, of spirit. There are probably 20,000 Japanese at Ping Yang, which might easily have been taken, when the Russian eouts first arrived, there being then only 250 Japanese soldiers. Th n WILL NOT LET CHINA JOIN HER. Oc- HEADQUARTERS AT PANAMA, expected. The trial of Senator Button, of Kan sas, on the charge of selling hit influ ence, is begun. The Northern Securities company has ent out a circular saying the directors have decided to distribute the stock and give future plans. Japan believe foreign advisers to Corea are giving Russia information and recommends their removal. The military funeral of th Duke of Cambridge waa the most impressive since th Duke of Wellington died. Governor Peabody declare Tellnride connty, Colo., to be in a state of insur rection and has ordered out troop. K. E. Calvin is said to t slsted for president of the O. It. & N. and A. I Mohler is to get a high position with th Union Pacific. The isthmian canal commission has begun it preliminary work. Th report that Port Arthur had fall en into the hands of the Jp wss on founded. Three attack were made but each time th enemy ws repulsed. Bristow declare that he did not regard Reaver as an honest man. Th British house of common! had warm deUt over the admission of Chinese into th Trsnsvsal, but vote of censur WM defeated Ortat Barley Shipment for Japan, Kan Kranciaeso, March 29. One thousand tons of barley for the Japan ese government is to lie carried by the steamer Coptic, sailing on April 2, for the Asiatic coast. This is part of a large shipment ordered some months ago before hostilities began with Rus sia. Several hundred tons of th bar ley were wnt out on the Siberia, hut the bulk of it is to go on the Coptic, and the disability of moat of the Rus sian warship on the coast of Asi makes it almost certain that the grain will reach lokohama in safety. Interior Department Gives It Approval to Alaska Bill. Washington, March 2X. The interi or department is heartily in favor of the creation of the two land districts in Alaska with headquarters at Nome. The passage of a bill for this purpose is recommended by Secretary Hitchcock and by Commissioner Richards, of the general land office, their recommend tioo being based upon a report made by James W. Witten, after an investigation of land conidtiona in Alaska. The de partment believe that Nome is the proper location for a land office in Northern Alaska, as it is apparently a permanent city and the center of an active mining district. Instead of plac ing this office in charge of regular land officers, the bill pending in con gres provides that the marshal tor trie Nome district shall act as register and the clerk of the court as receiver of the Nome lsnd office. Canal Commission Settle Tw Import at Points. Washington, March L'ti. I wo im portant points have been developed in connection with the work of the isth mian canal commission. One is that the headquarters of the commission probably will lie on Panama instead of although an office will probably be maintained here. The other point is that a part of the time o' at least five of the commissioner will lie devoted to their private interests. Admiral Walker, the chairman of the commission, and General Davis, the army member of the body, will devote their entire time to the canal work. legislation now pending before con gress provide for the appointment of a governor of the American xone on the isthmus. If it should ! enacted into law, it is quite probable that the presi dent may dwgnate Oeneral I 'avis as the governor of the canal strip. Japan Will Not Ran Risk of Russia copying Province. Vienna, March 25. The number of alarming editorial articles in the Aus trian press regarding the probability of China coming to the assistance of Jap an and making common cause against Russia has had the effect of creating genuine alarm throughout the nation against the "yellow peril, ami the the Isthmus of Japanese minister lias been auuressou at Washington the subject. The result, ha been the receipt ol an omciai statement from the Japanese government setting forth the "real position" of Japan. After stating in unmistakable terms Houa Commltte Decide on Appropriation of K7S.OOO. Washington, March 24. A substi tute for the senate lewis and Clark hill, carrying an aggregate appropria tion of $4(6,000, was Unlay ordered re ported by the house committee on ex positions, the vote twttig unanimous. The provisions of the bill are $200,- 000 for a, government exhibit, Includ ing forestry and iriigation exhibits; $250,000 for government buildings, which will include in addition to th regular government exhibit, the Philip pine, Alaska, Hawaiian and Oriental exhibits, and $25,000 for the Alaskan exhibit. The bill provides that the plan for the government buildings shall be pre pared by the jupervlsing architect of the treasury and the buildings erected under contract. The cost of preparing the grounds and lighting is included In the appropriation for building, and authority is granted for the coinage of 250,000 gold dollar to be used a soiiv-eniis. Chairman Tawney, of Minnesota. who ha the bill in c barge, wilt report it, and no reference will be made to Sunday closing. The senate will refuse to accept this substitute bill after it is passed by the house, and this will cause it to be sent to conference. A all the conferee Senator Burnham, Hansbrougb and Daniel, and Representative Tawney, Sherman and Bartlelt are strongly in favor of the lewis and Clark expo sition, there is good reason to believe they will increase the appropriation to the $750,000 asked for. War Funds ar Assured. Tokio, March 24. The Diet has adopted resolutions thanking the navy in the name of the nation for the sev eral successes that have resulted since the beginning of the war. It is an nounced by the leader of both political name mat tnev are in comoieta ac- the relations between China nd Japan, cord with the program for raising th and the latter' intention of compel!- revenue needed for the conduct of the ing China to mainUin an attitude of war. Th compromise whereby the strict neutrality, the statement con- tax on land has been reduced and that elude by saying that "Chinese aid proposed on salt and ailk stuffs la elim- and support would be in many respects mated from the bill has disarmed the dventageoua to Japan, vet the Japan- opposition, and the revenue bill will ese government cannot run the risk of Russian occupancy of other Chinese provinces than Manchuria. Jspsnes Delay Advance. I.iao tangg, Manchuria. March '.".. -General Mishtchenko ha been in formed that the Japanese have sus pended their advsnce on the Ping Yam Anjti line. Three thousand Japanese troop are stationed at Anju and 1.0(H) at Pak I hien, while 40 Japane war i ships and traniort are anchored at I Cbennsnipo. According to Russian ad vices, the object of the Japanese is to turn the Russian' flank, and are await ing the concentration of their army. For Rivers and Harbor. Washington, March 29. The hoimw committee on rivers and harliors today derided b report a bill this week curry ing n appropriation aggregating 3, 000,000 to carry on existing river and harlwir Improvement contract. No new surveys will be authorised. Thoa With Food Can Stay. St. Petersburg, March 2H. Procla mation issued by General VoroneU, who is in command at Vladivostok, have been received at St Petersburg. They urge the people at ladivostok to re main, but add that only those w ill lie al lowed to stay who have 432 pounds of flour and 108 pounds of buckwheat, enough to last eight month. All Chi nese and Corean who are without oc cupation have been ordered to depart. Persons who start untrue and alarming report will b cotirtrnartialed, loot ing I strictly prohibited. Fear Slcg by Japs. Vladivostok. March 2(1. While the situation here remains quiet it is not expected that Vladivostok will continue to lie much longer free from the vigor ous operations of the Japanese, In an ticipation of the appearance of the en emy, ami oi a possihie siege, a lauic- circle has been formed, which sits six hours daily at the ministry of marine, preparing bandages of linen for sick sol diers and sailors. Most of the women in Vladivostok lie long to this circle, Including the representatives of the aristocracy. A free on Macedonian Reform, Imdon, March 2H. According to the dispatches received today from Contntinople, the porte and the Au tro-Hungarlan authorities have reached an agreement In regard to the organixa tion of the Macedonian gendarmi tin der Eurotiean officers, so It U believed that It will not lie long lie (or th re form scheme for Macedonia I recog. nixed by th emperors of Roumnl and Austria at their meeting at Muerated Styrlm. N Sick Among th Russians, St. Petersburg, March 2. General f.lnevitch has telegraphed l the gener al stafT that there i no sicknes among th Russian troo. Express Satisfaction at HI Death. Washington, March 2fl. Secretary Taft and the nfUHal of the war de partment openly expressed their grati fication at the news of the death of Ma- carlo Sakay, the so called president id the Philippine republic. Sakay secured hi freedom under th amnesty procla mation and fled to the mountains with a small force of kindred spirits, and sine has made much trouble by attack ing small village and unprotected expedition. American Consul Going to Pest. ' Ixmdon, March 2il.-A correspondent of th Time at Shanghai say United State Consul Davidson will start for hi post at Antung nest work, srid that be has rrngd with th Japanese naval authorities to assist hi vessel to reach ft destination Under th War Department. Washington, March 25. The presi dent practically has determined that the Panama canal commission shall lie attached to the war department, This proposition is not pleasing to all members of the commission, but the bureau of insular affairs of the war de partment has been so successful ami economical in its management of de tails of governmental affairs in the Philippines, Cuba and Porto Rico that it is felt to be the proper bureau to look after the myriad details of the gov eminent of the canal none. likely be paused without a dissenting vot. The total amount affected by the changes is about $5,000,000. It ia said that the hill aa finally passed will provide that the increased tax shall be levied for one year, and not five, as wus at first supposed. Yanks Defies China. San Francisco, March 24. Officer of the steamer Coptic, just arrived, saw the Russian gunboat Mandiur ly ing in the river at Shanghai, and re port that her commander is a Captain Carter, born in the United States, but a Russian by naturalization. When ordered to leave Chinese waters, Cap- lain warier emphatically refused, and invited somebody to make him move. At last accounts he was still at Shang hai with his gunboat. A Japanese gunboat and a cruiser flying the sam flag passed ont of the river. Censorship to B Relaxed. Iindon, March 25. The strlngnnt Japanese censorship Is likely to lie re laxed early In April, says the well-in formed Daily Telegraph' Seoul rones- Russia to Sell Battleship. pondenl. In the meantime me vein jariflf March 24. The Echo d has not lifted, and not a word has yet pari correspondent at St. Petersburg issued, either officially iroin Japan or l,Hvs it is rumored in naval circles nnolliclally from any other source, con- there thot Captain Reitwnstein'a Vlad- ( . 1 t A . I.. t . I . cerning me msi, nomnammeni oi i on ivostok squadron has been ordered to Arthur. The rumored naval imllle oil overtake at a certain point In the Pa. t ... 4 - f 1U Im .1... .atlu I l.l 1 ... . i uri iirvinir ui .inn u ii is i"""7 nnc me uauisiiip ana two crulnsra unconfirmed. I bought from Chile by Japan and return with them to Vladivostok. The Rus sian general stuff, estimates that the numlier of Japanese troops landed In Corea doe not exceed 75,000. Russia 5hlp Reported Lost. Toklol March 25. A special dis patch from Moji, opposite Shlmonosekl, japan, savs the Japanese fleet made another attack on Port Arthur March Russians Prepare for Slcg. IK, bombarded the city and it defniis- St. Petersburg, March 24. The Rus es, and fought a furious engagement sian are continuing preparations for a with the Russian fleet outside the liar-1 prospective siege of Port Aithur by bor, destroying one Imttleship. Seven rushing lnrgo quantitles of supplies to Japanese casualties are reported. mat. point,