PAMA
SCIATi
A?
CAP
s i l-V- . - "iiv Sr., .. iV'l "v.
A V - VvV N i
I) . 4
A Kurd of the Turkey-Psrsia Border.
(Prtrared bjr tha National Owrraphle
Society. Waatilnttoa. D. C.)
THE Kurds, who have revolted
along the Turkish -Persian bor
der and against whom large
Turkish forces have been oper
ating near famous Mount Ararat, have
teen fighting periodically against the
established states of Asia Minor for
thousands of years. Always their
favorite method of strife has been
guerrilla warfare. They have been
historic marauders, but perhaps they
have every reason, so far as environ
ment Is concerned, to lead such lives
State after state has struck asainst
them with forces more powerful than
any they could raise.
The days of Assyrian power In
Mesopotamia seem pretty far back
toward the beginnings of history.
Uecords of that empire show that
time and again Its soldiers were sent
Into the rough country around the
headwaters of the great rivers to sub
due the mountaineers ancestors of
the Kurds who harried Assyria's out
lying settlements. These same moun
taineers fought the Armenians when
the latter came Into the region be
twen l.tXO and (V1 B. C.
When Xenophon retreated from
Asia Minor In 401 B. C. the Kurd
(then called the Carduchl) attacked
bis 10XX) firncks. rolling great stone
down on them from cliffs and moun
tains. They fought continually a:::tint
the Bagdad cnllphs. Since the Turks
rf'se to power In Asia Minor the
Kurds have fought them repeatedly:
In fact, the Turks never established
any considerable measure of control
over these fierce, freedom-loving high
landers.
Since the World war the European
territory of Turl ey has been nezll
fibie. The country has consisted al
most solely of the big. fat peninsuin
lying between the Black sea on the
north and the eastern arm of the
Mediterranean on the south, and an
extension to the east about as broad
as the Asia Minor peninsula, reaching
roughly half way from the Black se
to the Caspian. The southern half of
this eastern extension the southeast
frn corner of postwar Turkey Is
what Is loosely called Kurdistan. The
ether hfl'f of the eastern extension.
Immediately north of Kurdistan, wu
6nce lurklsh Armenia. : '
Kurdish Sphere is Large.
Now that tens of thousands of the
Armenian residents have been driven
cross the Russian border, while other
tens of thousands have perished, the
region hardly deserves the old name.
The Kurdish population was always
Mgh In Turkish Armenia ; now It Is
proportionately much greater. The
whole eastern end of present Turkey,
constituting almost a third of the
territory of the country, therefore.
may roughly lie considered the Kurd
ish sphere of Influence. It Is In the
northeast corner of Turkey that the
Kurds have recently been most active.
Geographic and politlial and eco
nomic complications aplenty are
found In this region. On the east
Kurdistan touches Persia, ami the peo
ple for a considerable distance Into
that country are Kurds, too. Indeed,
Kurdish people Inhabit the entire
Zagros mountain range which extends
from Turkey for CM miles to the
southeast, forming the boundary be
tween Persia and Iraq.
The Kurds belong to the Iranian
branch of the white race. Because of
the open-air lives which they live,
most of them have harsh features.
The great majority are nominally
Mohammedans.
The plateau region lying partly In
eld Armenia, partly In Kurdistan,
Where many of the most warlike Kurds
live, presents a good example of the
effects on man of u mixture of rugged
Uplands and fertile valleys. Limestone
mountains and recently extlnri vol
canoes occupy the tipper levels. Lower
are magnificent canyons cut by the
Tigris and Euphrates headstreams,
find numerous broad, basin-shaped val
leys whose floors are fertile plains.
The ancestors of the Kurds were
Hushed from mary of these desirable
-1
4 - -
lowlunds by the Armenian Invaslot
and from others by the later arriving
Turks.
Some Recent Revolts.
Even the fairly recent, regime ol
Kemal Pasha has had several Kurdisr
revolts on Its hands. There was i
sporadic uprising In BC.t; and In 1!2."
the tribesmen made an unsuccessfu
effort to set up their own government
The scrapping of the caliphate at On
stantlnople aroused them and nenrl
every change In old Moslem custom
has Irritated them. Revolt after re
volt has been quelled but as soon a
the Kurd replenishes his forces and
supplies, he Is ready to attack again
The Kurd farmers of the Iraq plains
are more prosperous than the tribes
men of the hill country. Travelers
climb the trails of Kurdistan for mllei
without seeing, a village. When ont
does appear, It Is usually situated la
a well protected spot. Houses art
placed without regard to building llni
and a bird's-eye view of a village re
veals a Jumble of mud and stunt
structures.
The peasant's bouse Is a one-room
structure which might be mistaken foi
a Stable. The tribesmen reserves ont
side of bis abode for his animals while
tils family occupies the other side
Kurds sit on the floor when they rest
or eat, therefore they do not need
tables or chairs.
The tribal chief or headman fam
tietter. He has a bouse for his family
and a guest house where he lives and
entertains guests. He Is offended If s
traveler does not stay with him. One
the traveler hns stopped, he mut re
main for dinner. The food Is placed
on the floor In the center of the din
ers. Should a guest stretch his legf
toward another person, convey food
to bis mouth with his left hand, oi
fondle the dog. his host Is offended
Sn knives, and fork are to be found
In the Kurd silver chest but If n guest
has difficulty In feeding himself with
his hands, a spoon will be handed U
him. Few meals are served that dr
not Include mat (curdled mlik) tbt
favorite dMi of the Kurd. A little
water mixed with the mat makes
masfao. the Kurd "national" drink
The tribesmen like vegetables but se!
dopi serve meat. .
They Buy Their Wives.
Ttider Moslem law. the Kurd nay
take four wives. Wives are bough!,
so the peasant usually has only one
The chiefs take the full quota. Wlvei
are priced according to their rank
The tribesman can get a wife In ex
change for a pony or goat, or one
may cost the equivalent of fl'.'iOO. Thi
wedding entails a season of merry
making In which the whole tribe Joins,
but It takes less thnn a minute to dis
solve a union. The man simply sayH
"I divorce you" three times and tin)
parties are free.
To the foreigner, the Kurds seem 1 1
know little else than the "art" of high
way robbery. Many of the mountain
tribesmen are adept thieves, but In
the hills as well as the plains, many
Kurds earn honest livings by farming
and cattle raising. Kurds are pastoral
people, seldom moving from their vil
lages except to migrate to higher alti
tudes during the summer for new pas
turage. In spite of exciting events In tb
fighting history of the Kurds, tlm
tribesmen were almost unknown out
side the Near East before the World
war. When a delegation of Kurds up'
peared at the peiny conferences In
l!)l!) newspaper men did not know v!m
the sunburnt tribesmen might be.
When their Identity was revealed the
Kurds went on the front pages and
frequently have been there since.
The presence of Kurds In the Mosul
region of what Is now northern Iraq
was a hard diplomatic problem for the
treaty drafters to solve ufter the
World war. Except In Mosul City, th
population of this region Is almost
solidly Kurdish. It Is the odor and
power of petroleum that In some ways
dominate all else In this region. What
promises to become one of the major
oil fields of the world centers about
Mosul.
ANDS
9
BELLS
m
WELL, THAT'S PERFECT
"Yes," said the man la the ancient
overcoat with bulging pockets, "Bill
and me are In partnership, but we
don't carry the same goods."
"Explain yourself," said a friend.
"Well, Pdll goo around sellln' a
stove polish tit ut leaves a stain on the
fingers, and I go around next day with
Hie only soup that will take It off."
HER TRUE LOVE
She I Uve overpowering men.
He How muuy have you overpow
ered?
Some Hopo
In cai vur UJ
Is a burn pt
L'o net It ad.
He may out grow It
Too Let
She wanted to be in the beauty
chorus, so she wrote an application
enclosed tier photograph, and was
asked to come (or an Interview, liu
agine her surprise when she was told
ty thi manager that she was too late
"Is the position tilled, then?" he
asked.
"No," replied the manager. "I
meant that you should tune come
when you lu.d your photograph tat;en.
He'll Tell 'em
Employer I uinlerstatnl. Thompson,
that the na n have all struck.
Thompson Yes. sir.
"But what for?"
"Well, we (Hiniio yet, sir. The gin
tlemim from London Isn't come down
to tell us." London Public Opinion.
She Knew Him
Doctor For greater security
madam, do you wish to bnve your hue
hand X rayed?
"Thank yon! For some time past
I've seen through him without much
ditliculty."
It Had to Coma Out
"Tell me. Mrs. Jon.-s, wluil do you
really think of Mrs. Smith?"
Mrs Jones (very confidentially)
Why. you know. Mrs. Brown I nevei
alk about ativlMxiy, hut I really feel
sorry for her husband.
NOT A C0V-DOG
First Neighbor "Why didn't youi
dog run that cow out of youi garden
then?' Second Neighbor "Beneath
his dignity he's a bulldog, you know.
He Tak-ei the Count
Some wlvn may count
Their hufliandi' calories,
but they all count
Their hu-t.nnrti' salaries)
"Merry Gold"
Longwed lo you believe In such
sentiment lis saying It with Mower?
everwed No. A man can't be too
careful. When old Mrs. Bullion was
III I sent her a luiirh of marigolds,
and she took It for a proposal.
Saved Something
Judge You say you curried a loaded
revolver md yet let the thiol take
everything off you?
Mr. Pin Yea. he took everything
but the revolver. He didn't find thut
Columnizttion
"What's youi bey Josh lining?"
"lie's working as a columnist," an
sweted Farmer Ciirntossel.
"n a paper?"
"No. In mi ollli-e, He adds up one
column of figures, after another."
Perfect Harmony
"Is your husband mtisicul?" asked
the visitor.
"Not a bit," replied the l.oKtess, add
lug wllh a smile, "but I lime taught
biui to play second fiddle perfectly."
. . .
1 i
by Evelyn Campbell
(Cvi rUtil ly Kvlyn CaiiiitiU.)
WNU Hurvloe
THE STORY
Marin Haverhill's futhrr, ne'er-4-wll,
due whin she I wrn
ti'iui, U'HvitiK hvr to fni' the
world with little money or ios
pi'cte.
CHAPTER II Continued
-3-
And Linda, seated opposite, forced
herself (o look back. She hud seen
lil 1 1 a before. He was her fathers best
and oldest friend, but (hen her vision
had been childish and distorted by
sweets and French dolls. She saw
li i in now as a man, but she coixjucred
what she saw,
"It was private," she explained, "by
my cousins wish," It was us though
the whole occurrence had hccti man
aged by I he reluctant Mrs. Ilalston,
He nodded. Ills small ejes, ab
normally Intelligent, saw through
everything at once Cousin Amy's en
gagements and (he liiipnutlcality of
death at such a time.
"And mm. my dear." he saltl, afler
all the meaningless words had been
spoken, "what can I do (or you?"
The little ejes, searching out the
Sweet, cold lilies of her body under
the narrow black frock said she could
have nii.Mliliig ulie wauled of him. He
bad refused to lend Jim Haverhill
money, but thai was another matter
no use sending good dollars down a
greased Incline, Jim Haverhill's daugh
ter was an Investment virgin soil
that could not suspect Its own return
But Linda smiled a faint rejection
She hail not come to borrow. From
her black handbag she took a shea I
of stiff papers, and before they were
unfolded he caught the familiar glint
of gold leaf and purple a hint of
flaming scarlet.
"My father left no money," she said
slowly, "but there are a great many
of these certlhVutes. If you will tell
me how to sell them"
The senator was not a humorous
man, but he almost smiled at that.
Sell them I But he put out his cuh
loucd paw and took the papers, man
aging to touch her tlngerilp.
"I t course, my child," he wheezed,
"pretty little girls must have nioiify.'
Then he asked her what she was
going to do. and Linda for the'tlrsi
time looked chlldl.-h and bewildered
Io? She stammered out that she sup
posed she would live wllh Cousin Amy
and some day would marry, blushing
hatefully as she said It.
"Ah!" exclaimed (he senator di
llghtedly, rolling his (ongtit). "Marry I
That shouldn't be dllliciill, m) dear
with your -attractions." He wn on
familiar troimd now, and edged his
great chair closer to hers.
I.l.ida got up quickly. "Please sell
the slock for mo,'" she pleaded, and
suddenly her poise dropped iiwhv mid
she was a child, vmnig nn( afraid.
The senator was toinlied "Too
young to have planned atiiihlmc. ' he
thought. "There Imi'1 any man jet
ut silly talk She inn l,.ne ail the
money she wanis-fot a jear or two."
The f'.r.-i! week of following Si't fit
her did hot find Linda In Hie city
h(alii Al flint uncomfortable period
of the yeat she would be with the
Kalstoim af Hielr Long .land place
or with some other distant relative
who had a twinge of conscience ami a
opnsmodlc desire to do something for
the family orphan.
She was not unhappy, because she
wag not penniless. The stocks owned
by pool J i m occasionally surprised
every one by exhibit ing a hi 1 r of life.
Something would he sold; something
would pay an Intiulieslmal dividend
and Linda would have enough lo pay
her dressmaker's bill or the expenses
of a cabin across. She suvv Converse
occasionally, tnd he always urged hei
to have a good time and spend what
she wanted; be would chalk II up
against her account, he promised with
a fat laugh. She got over some of her
repulsion, hut that was because he
was wary. He knew that any fetim'e
thing would he appalled by him until
Its wings were broken.
Cousin Amy spoke lo her husband
about the senator. "He Is enormously
rich. He has never been married, and
It Is very strange that he should man
age so well wllh all that worthless
paper poor Jim left."
He agreed. He was dam glad be
hadn't been expected lo handle the
stuff, bill it was too bud luslu in dis
cuss, even for them, and the subject
was ipilckly '.aboo,
Linda met Courtney Both at Cor
oiuido. He had rim out there lo see
what ll was like, he said, for Europe
wasn't w linl ll used to he, but he
didn't like California either he told
Linda, ten mlutilcs after they met.
There was nothing lo California bin
pavemeiii, a vulgar cllimiie. and pic
ture postcard scenery.
Her attention was claimed. "What
la 'a vulgar climate'?" she asked
laughing.
"Weaihei that lias no reserves," be
answered Instantly "Perpetually smll
Ing skies are like a woman who laiigln
because she has no soiie.''
She did not like the way he said
that. There was something cold and
hitler i'i his voice. Men did not usual
ly apeak so to her of her own sex.
She was both piqued and Inierested
"You mean you like to go about
with raincoats and rugs?"
He nodded. "Possibly. But I lll;e
nncertiiinly. 1 Uke to see the sun
cloud over and the end of a rainy
day."
"Then you like capricious women,"
said Linda thoughtfully.
If ho did he had ample opportunity
to prove It In (he whirlwind month
Unit (tdlowed. for Linda never knew
until the day after she married lilm
whether she cared or not.
Courtney Both was a high bended,
reddish faced man wllh (he sort of
staring gray eyes that are always look
ing over people's bends In search of
something farther alleld. lie win
never satlslled. If he was here ha
wauled to be there. If he bad this
he w auled (hat, not through fret fill
liess or greed but because of an union
iuernble appetite for life. Ho wauled
to see everything, to have eveiythlng
and he was In a hurry about getting
both, Such tastes are expensive.
Ills restless expanslveness fed ami
encouraged something that might have
lain dormant In Linda If she had mar
ried another man, Wllh Courtney
Until a (rain of venturesomcnt-sa was
lighted In her that was to bum to a
brilliant Mare until that part of her
that was his was consumed.
Even wllh this attraction It might
not have happened hut for Mrs. Bala
ton's Impatience. She could not for
get the senator.
"Yoirmusf be sure, my dear," she
warned the girl. "With your beauty
you ought t go far. And. remember,
it is all the same afler you have been
married six weeks. Courtney Is a
charming person, bill the senator has
been a wonderful friend. Your posi
tion In Washington would be superb."
Linda looked at her with dilating
eyes. It was not the tlrst time that
the senator bad been suggested to her
us ol her than her father's friend, and
each time something within her grew
colder and shuddered with deeper
aversion and a strange preaclenca
that unless she was careful and quick
like a bird In the grass -this thing
might happen to her. Measured by
Converse, Courtney Both became splen
did ami desirable. She did not con
shier love, but only safety and the
certainly that now she could afford to
forget (he other man to whom she
seemed to owe some vast and Incom
prehensible debt.
But even afur the engagement (hey
spoke far less of love r tin n of plan
for covering ground during the honey
moon They were going around the
world, but Boih was wort led shout
mls-ing the winter sports In Switzer
land. "If we were married six weeks
sooner, we could lop off enough mile
age to get us there In time," he said
anxiously.
I.lmhi laughed, but her color came
and went. She was amused more than
ofteiided thai his reason for hurrjlng
Ihe wedding was not herself but a pair
of si, Is
"Well See what Cousin Amy says."
Cousin Amy w.is imi averse to an
early wedding, hut she wauled to
know several things.
"lias he money, l.lmla denrt Of
course, there must he some, but Is
there enough? It lakes such a lot (o
I've as tie does, ah er-skittering
about (he world ami I no of you would
he rather f right fill."
Linda shrugged. She was only
twenty, but the world has fallen In
a way of (renting girls of twenty as
If i hey had Ihe wisdom of their grand
mothers. Linda had thought so much
about money dial she had begun to
lake her luck seriously. Money si
nun (lime. There had bei-n n bad
lime afler her fathers dcaih but that
tins hrldged by the clever Unaming
ol the slock certificates. She was so
certain she was on safe ground that
she neglected lo go Inlo the mailer
thoroughly with her flame. So Linda,
hard bllleii wllh the virus of change,
consented to hurry Ihe trousseau and,
therefore, please her lover mightily.
Courtney Colli was In love with her
as he would be with a woman. He
was always trying effects with her
beauty viewing It from different
angles.
"You need penrls," hc-sald one dny,
and soon after brought her an ex
ipilhlie strand. Linda si nod perfectly
still while be draped the tenderly beau
tiful tearful circlet upon her smooth
neck. She had never dreamed of own
ing such pearls, bill once they nestled
against her llesh she fell perfectly af
home with them.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
Qualities of Asbestos
Known to Charlemasns
The Emperor Charlemagne la said
to have possessed a cloth of asbestos
with which he often astonished tils
guests. After having partaken of a
meal and Imbibed freely of wine, Ids
hamiuetlug friends would ha dulled
to the proper degree of credulity.
Then the emperor would grasp a cor
ner of the lablecloili and sweep It
from the rough-hewn table Into the
lire.
Startled, the guests would gather
around and In amii.eiiient watch the
Humes vainly lick about the coverlet.
Then the emperor would thrust In his
hand and pull the cloth clear of the
hla.lng coals, which had bleached It
to whiteness, and return It to the
table A miracle, every one would ex
claim, and ll Is said thai even "ha r
lemagiie himself w o n d e r e !. New
York '''lines.
Cauie of Idiocy
Cretinism Is a kind If Idiocy which
scientists have found to he due to tbt
inactivity of the thyroid gland.
Hero U never-fulling
form of relief from
clatlc paint
Tela Payer Aspirin tablets snj avnU
needli'M suffering from eolatlrt lum
bugo and similar excruciating pains.
1 hey do relieve; they oWf do any hum.
Just make sure It U genuine,
r. 11 : , ; . 3
"Evil Spirit" Kill. Seven
Superstition baa gripped the peo
ple of A 1 1 it in Kara lllssur, In Cen
tral Anatolia, following the deal In
of seven Turkish women In a ravine.
The sldu of (ho ravine caved In bury
ing tlio unfortunates under loin of
atone and earth. They wurt part of
a party who were collecting lima to
beautify the walla of their homes la
preparation of the festival of Kour
ban Bal ram, and aa similar accident
happened In 181k) am IICL the vil
lagers art convinced that an tvll
spirit dwells In the ravin and at
times demands woutcn ns victims to
appease ita anger.
Independent
Employer "Are you a married
Mm?" Sambo (applicant for Job)
"Naw, iuh Ah makes mall own
llvin'."
Sweeter
Children's stomachs lour, ant
fiecd an and acbL Keep their ays
terns swrtt with Phillips Milk of
11 agues la I
When tongua or breath tells of
add conditioncorrect It with a
spoonful of Phillips. .Most me i anil
women have been comforted by this)
Universal sweetener morn mothers
Should Invoke lis aid for (heir chil
dren. It Is a pleasant thing to take,
yet neutrall7.es more acid (ban tho
Iiarsher things too often employecl
for the purpose. No household
Should bo without It
Phillips Is tho genuine, jrescrlp
tloiial product physicians endorse
for general use; (he nnmo la Impor
tant. "Milk of Magnesia" has been
the T. S. registered trade mark of
the Charles II. Phillips Chemical
Co. ami Its predecessor Charles IL
l'hllllps since 1S73.
PHILLIPS
Milk ,
of Magnesia
W.SHWfiil And xirs M.ka frmt skis h-suotol, !
mr--umi Crii2A Srrl omtHMfit rasit",
( lis IMftaKian IITIudS- Al Alt
ilara. B-v4r kMktot was trs. WffNe
DR. C. H. BERRY CO.
tS0 Michigan Ave. CMcag
mm
''About ten years ogo I got
to weak and rundown that I
felt miserable all over. One day
my husband said, Whv don't
you take Lydia E. rinkham'i
Vegetable Compound?' When
I had taken two bottles I felt
better so I kept on4 My little
daughter was born when I had
been married twelve years.
Even my doctor said, 'It's
wonderful stuff.' You may
publish this letter for I want
all the world to know how this
medicine has helped me."
Mrs. Hortcn Jones, 208 48th
Street, Union City, N. J.
m & mm
m
H
MakesIMe
Psfsgpjyt ikwii s mmm mis
I ' yX. )
m ri JeMMNMlieW' " 1' - '" ' m i m si. i ..rw mm
mm