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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (March 27, 1924)
THE GAZETTE-TIMES, HEPPNER, OREGON, THURSDAY, MARCH 27, 1924. PAGE THRER DANIELS LET PRIVATE COMPAN! iioyESEiswm Official Files of Navy Department Show Former Secretary Father of Policy of Private Drilling of Naval Oil Reserves. Washington, March 25, 1924. On March S RepraaenUtlva Britten (Rep.), of the House Committee on Naval Affaire, introduced a resolution as followi; "Reiolred, That the Secretary of the Navy be, and he ie hereby, author ised and directed, if not incompatible with the public Interest, to furnish to the House of Representatives at the earliest date possible such data and information as he may have concern ing the following queationa '." A list of 23 questions was submit ted as a part of the resolution, touch ing upon"the history and all phases of the leasing of the naval oil re serves. The resolution was adopted and on March 8 Secretary of the Navy Denby filed with the House of Representatives an answer covering thoroughly the 23 questions. ' The resolutions called for informa tion regarding who waa the author of the legislation authorizing the leasing of naval oil reserves to pri vate corporations for the purpose of exploiting those reserves. The ans wers, accompanied by documentary evidence from the files of the Depart ment of the Navy, show that Josephus Daniels suggested the legislation which enables the Secretary of the Navy to dispose of naval oil reserves. It shows that he wanted this legisla tion in order that he might have power to take oil from the ground because,' as Secretary Denby points out, no legislation was necessary in order that oil might be retained in the ground. What Mr. Daniels wanted was au thority to take oil from the ground in his discretion and te dispose of it in his discretion, even to the point of providing storage for excess oil if he considered it advisable. Documentary evidence submitted in the form of photostatic copies of letters from the files of the Depart ment of the Navy show that under the authority granted him, Secretary Daniels almost immediately began leasing naval oil reserves to private corporations; that he did this thru the Secretary of the Interior; that he permitted Secretary of the 'nterior John Barton Payne to lease naval oil reserves without even advertising for public bids; that these leases pro vided for the drilling of new welts. The' records further show that the royalty from the naval oil reserves under these leases made by Secretary of the Interior Payne, without adver tising for public bids, was from 12 to 26 por cent. The records further show that the leasing of naval oil reserves under Secretary Denby and Secretary Fall was done only after advertising for bids and competitive bids had been received; it shows that the royalty obtained by the govern ment on these leases ran from 12H to 85 per cent, and that the actual net royalty so far received on these leases is over 27 per cent, or more than the maximum royalty provided for under the Daniels-Payne leases, which were let without bidding. "Question Is It a fact that the then Secretary of the Navy, the Hon orable Josephus Daniels, sent similar letters to the chairman of the Com mittee on Naval Affairs of the Senate and of the House of Representatives, dated respectively March 29, 1920, and Mnrch 5, 1920, stating: "(a) It therefore becomes impera tive when viewed from an economical standpoint only that machinery be provided whereby wells may be drilled for protection against drainage from adjacent lands, or to supply oil for the government' needs; "(b) And that excess oil from pro tective wells may be sold or storage provided for excess oil, If considered advisable. "Answer Yes. "Copies of these letters, dated, re spectively, March 29, 1920, and March 5, 1920, are enclosed herewith. The letter dsted March 5, 1920, to the chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, may be found on pages 3119 and 3120 of the hearings before the Committee on Naval Affairs of the House of Representatives, appropria tions bill subjects 1920, volume 2. "Question Is it a fact that In the . above referred to letters dated March 6, 1920, and March 29, 1920, Secretary Daniels suggested legislation as fol lows: " 'That the Secretary of Navy Is di rected to take possession of all prop erties within the naval petroleum re serves as are or may become vested in the United States; to conserve, de velop, use and operate the same in his discretion, directly or by contract, lease or otherwise, and to use, store, exchange, refine, sell or otherwise dis pose of the oil and gas products there of and those from all royalty oil for the benefit of the United States.' "Answer Yes; thla language is a verbatim quotation. "Question Is it a fact that lan guage practically as suggested by these two letters was enacted into law on June 4, 1920? "Answer Yes. "The language of that part of the act of June 4, 1920 (41 Stat. 813-314, chap. 22R), referring to naval petro leum reserves rends as follows: "'Provided, That the Secretary of the Navy Is directed to tnko posses sion of all properties within the naval petroleum reserves as are or may be- ccme subject to the control and use of the United States for naval pur coses, and on which there are no pending claims or applications for permits or leases under the provis ions of an act of Congress approved February 25, 1920, entitled "An act to provide for the mining of coal, phos phate, oil, oil shale, gas and sodium on the public domain," or pending applications for United States patent tinder any law; to conserve, develop, use and operate the same in his dis cretion, directly or by contract, lease or otherwise and to use, store, ex change or sell the oil and gas prod ucts thereof, and those from all roy alty oil from lands In the naval re serves, for the benefit of the United States; and provided further, that the rights of any claimant under said act of February 25, 1920, are not affected adversely thereby; and provided fur ther that such sums as have or may be turned Into the Treasury of the United States from royalties on lands within the naval petroleum reserves prior to July 1, 1921, not to exceed $600,000, are hereby made available for this purpose until July 1, 1922; ES LEASE T provided further, that this appropria tion shall be reimbursed from the proper appropriations on account of the oil and gaa products from said properties used by the United States at such rate, not in excess of the mar ket value of the oil, as the Secretary of the Navy may direct.' "Question la It a fact that had It been the policy of Secretary Daniels at the time these letters were written to retain the oil In the naval petro leum reserves In the ground, no leg islation of thla character was neoea sary? "Answer It la obvious from the language of the act that no legisla tion waa necesaary In order that the oil might be retained in the ground. The retention of oil in the ground is nowhere referred to In thla act. "Question la it a fact that Secre tary Daniela approved the leasing without public advertisement by the Hon. John Barton Payne, then Secre tary of the Interior, and drilling of new wells on naval oil reserves T "Answer Yea. Under date of Aug ust 21, 1920, the then Secretary of the Navy informed the then Secretary of the Interior that the lease of the Boston-Pacific Oil company covering the drilling of five new wells on section 32 of naval petroleum reserve No. 2, was satisfactory to the Navy Depart ment. The correspondence shows that the terms of this lease were agreed upon in conference between the representatives of the oil com pany and of the Navy Department, and that such new drilling wss con sidered necessary because of drain age by owners of contiguous proper ty. The royalty accruing to the gov ernment under this lease was 25 per cent. Under the so-called Doheny lease of December 11, 1922, the roy alty runs from 12H to 86 per cent, and the actual net royalty received has amounted to 27.14 per cent. "There are Inclosed herewith pho tostatic copies of letter from the then Secretary of the Interior to the then Secretary of the Navy, dated August IB, 1920, letter from the then Secre tary of the Navy to the then Secre tary of the Interior, dated August 21, WiO, letter from the then Secretary of the Interior to the then President of the United States, dated December 0, 1920, and the lease to the Boston- Pacific Oil company - covering the drilling of the five new wells. "Under date of January 25, 1921, the then Secretary of the Navy indi cated to the then Secretary of the In terior his willingness to lease 120 acres of the eastern part of section 28, of naval oil reserve No. 2, to the Consolidated Mutual Oil company, and this land was leased without re striction to the number of wells that might be drilled. The correspondence shows that the reason for the leas ing of this land was because of water conditions. The government royalty provided under this lease was from 12V4 to 25 per cent, while the royalty provided by the so-called Doheny lease of December 11, 1923, on naval oil reserve No. 1, is from 12 to 36 per cent, and the actual net royalty so far received is 27.14 per cent. There are forwarded herewith pho tostatic copies of letter of February 8, 1921, from the then Secretary of the Interior to the then President of the United States, letter dated Febru ary 18, 1921, from the then Secretary of the Interior to the then President of the United States, and copy of loose of the 120 acres of land to the Coripolidated Mutual Oil company. Question Is it a fact that pro posals from three companies were entertained for leasing the Teapot Dome reserve and that five companies were asked to bid on royalty oil from the California naval reserve? "Answer (a) The Texas Oil com pany submitted a proposal to lease the Teapot Dome oil reserve (see tes timony of Mr. Amos L. Beatty, presi dent of the Texas company, pages 763 et seq., of the hearings before the Senate Committee on Public Lands and Surveys). Mr. Doheny had an opportunity to bid (see page 1944 of hearings above referred to). Mr. Harry F. Sinclair was also in vited to bid and submitted a bid which was accepted. (b) Five companies were invited to bid on the royalty from naval pe troleum reserve No. 1, namely, Stan dard Oil company of California, the Associated Oil company, Pan-Ameri can Petroleum and Transport com pany, the General Petroleum com pany and the Pacific Oil company. Three of these five companies sub mitted bids; namely, the Standard Oil company, the Associated Oil com pany, and the Pan-American Petro leum and Transport company. The bids of these three companies are on file In the Interior department." Jewett Says Chances of Export Bill Good Washington, D. C, March 25. George C. Jewett, president of the American Wheat Growers associated, who ia here to assist in securing the passage in both the Senate nml the House, of the McNary-Haugen hill for the relief of the wheat growers and farmers of the United Statos in stimulating an export demnnd for farm products, returned this morning from New York inspired by develop ments to believe the legislation which Senator McNary has sponsored and supported, will become a law, ' "Due to Senator McNary's efforts the measure is before the Senate with a favorable report," Mr, Jewett said, on his arrival here today. "Sen ator McNary has been untiring and resourceful In his powerful support of the McNary-Hnugcn Hill and we who have been so keenly alive to the necessity of securing aid for the wheat growers and farmers aro more and more certain that the measure can become law. The action of the Senate In voting down the Norbeck Burtness Inw leavos the Hold clear for this measure which will enable the sale of the exportable surplus of wheat and other commodities. "In view of the unusual committee assignments of Senator McNary In the Senate and the confidence of his colleagues In his leadership, we are certain that favorable action in the Senate Is assured and that everything will be don to make this help for the farmers quickly available. As an example of th kind of as sistance from the business world Sen ator McNary is getting I desire to call attention to th fact that John S. Mitchell, president of th Capitol Na tional Bank of St. Paul and formerly member of th Federal Reserve Bank board ia here to exert every possible influence In favor of th IrfcNsry Haugen measure. "Good bankers and economists who have studied th problem of the far mer and the need of definite and immediate relief for the food pro ducer are more and more inclined to unit on this measure as one that will do more than any other suggest ed remedy and w are greatly encour aged in the probability of a success ful end to the fight which Senator McNary is making to get this legia lation to President Coolidge for bis signature." Egg Laying Contest Is Considered in Oregon Host Pool try men Unable to Trapneet Their Flocks, So Need Help In Learnfnr Hens Ability. Oregon needs an egg laying con test. The poultry department of the state college not only favors such a contest, but would welcome an oppor tunity to assist in organising and maintaining it, provided it could be organized and financed In such a man ner as to make it a credit to the state. Bays A. G. Lunn, poultry husbandman in charge of experiment station work at the college. Many poultrymen and farmers are unable to trap-nest their stock and have no way of telling the real merits of their selection or breeding work without an official teat, explained Professor Lunn, "It is also a fact that few poultry keepers keep actual records of cost of production, a matter in which the public at large is interested. If, as at the present time, eggs are low in price, and it is costing as much to feed a hen as she Is returning in eggs produced, the public should know it, and knowing it perhaps they would not be averse to paying at least enough to compensate the producer of good quality eggs," he said. Resolutions favoring an egg laying contest were adopted by the Oregon Bankers association, the Willamette Valley Realtors association and the Oregon Poultrymen's association at the recent agricultural conference at Oregon Agricultural college. REAL BARGAINS Spring Tooth Harrows $10 per section less than present cost. 3-bottom 16-inch gang plows at $130.00 less than present cost in Portland. Buy now. Save money. PEOPLES HARDWARE CO. For Salts Two tons of barley at Burgoyne's warehouse, Lexington, Ore. 8. E. NOTSON, Heppner, Ore. Former Rep. Paul Howland and ex - Senator Geo. Chamberlain, counsel for Att'y-Gen. Daugherty, daily attend the Senate Committee investigation into Daugherty'a ad ministration of the Department of Justice. Daugherty Ears r rVf siMi (i Now Reduced to, . III! 1 J.oX.loUioJ World's Lowest Priced Closed Car with Doors Front and Rear. Order Now for Earliest Possible Deliveryl COHN AUTO CO. Heppner, Oregon Farm Activities FROM THE -MORROW COUNTY FARM BUREAU NEWS- Wheat Growers Meeting at Lexington February 9. Two hundred and twenty-five Mor row County wheat growers met at Lexington, February 9, to discuss cur rent problems of wheat growers and the provisions of the McNary-Hau-gen Bill. During the morning session committees on resolutions, program, and labor were appointed and talks on wheat production given by D. E. Stephens, and E. R. Jackman. In the afternoon, the McNary-Haugen Bill was explained and the Morrow Coun ty Export Commission League organ ized. The report of the committees follow: Report of Program Committee. Under the present relation of cost of labor and farm supplies to the price of wheat, ft is difficult and in many eases impossible to raise wheat at a cost per bushel less than the value of the wheat. There are only two possible remedies. First, to in crease the price of wheat by some such way as in the McNary-Haugen Bill; second, to reduce the cost of growing wheat by using one or both of the following methods: 1. Cheaper summer fallow and har vesting methods. 2. Better yields per acre of high quality wheat. In regard to cheaper methods of summerfallow and harvesting meth ods, the Committee recommends that the following possibilities be investi gated: 1. Investigation by County Agent of the possibilities of cheaper sum merfallow methods, gathering infor mation from all parts of the Western United States Where summerfallow ing is practiced. 2. Investigation of the roller type of blade weeders now in use in Uma tilla county. 3. Preparation of cost estimates from the users of automatic feeders for headed grain, 4. Investigation of possible savings by using canvas instead of nets in header boxes. 6. That the Farm Bureau try to get prices on good canvas for use around threshing machines. Recognizing that it costs nearly as much per acre to grow ten bushels per acre as it does twenty, and there fore, that the largest single factor in reducing cost of production per bushel is to get maximum yields per acre, the Committee recommends that the County Agent adopt fn his crop program the following points: 1. Continuation of wheat nurseries, including from year to year, all of the promising new varieties. 2. Continuation of wheat certifica tion. 3. Distribution of smut-resistant wheats as soon as possible. 4. Demonstration of the possibility of cutting down rates of seeding with copper carbonate, thereby making substantial savings on seed. 6. A tour to the Moro Experiment Station, and a County tour taking in demonstrations and visits to the nur series on the Lawrence Redding farm at Eight Mile, and Troy Bogard's, north of lone. 6. Demonstration of the efficiency of the various brands of copper car bonate and getting information on their costs. 7. Variety trials on a field of Tur key Red vs. Hybrid 128 vs. Fortyfold. 8. Trials of Hard Federation seeded very early in the Spring on stubble. 9. Demonstration of the possibili ties of Fall seeded Federation on the heavier lands. 10. Experimental plantings of flax. 11. Barley variety trials. The Moro Experiment Station has included in its work, the testing out of all of the possible varieties of trees adapted to dry land use. The Committee recommends that the County Agent secure from this and other sources all available informa tion on varieties and prices of shade and ornamental trees and method of growing them so that by another year the Farm Bureau may bring in trees at the lowest possible cost, in order to beautify farms, provide shade in summer, and make living more pleasant. The Committee feels that certain practices have passed the experimen tal and demonstration stage in this County, have proved their unques tioned merit and should be adopted by everyone. The Committee recom- mends that the following practices should be adopted in order to secure maximum yields and lower cost per bushel. 1. Early Spring plowing. 2. Discing stubble only when plow ing cannot be done early. 3. Seeding not later than October 15, even if rain has not come, but use of Copper Carbonate in all cases when seeding in the dust. 4. General uae of CuC03. 6. Clean aummer fallow worked as shallow as possible. 6. Use of pure seed of standard varieties. 7. Substitution of more Spring planted barley for Spring wheat. 8. For Fall seeding, Turkey Red, Hybrid 128, Fortyfold. For Spring seeding, Hard Federation, except for hay. Committee: B. H. Peck, Dwight Misner, Fred Raymond, Earl Eskel son, Earl Warner. Report of Resolutions Committee, We, the undersigned committee on resolutions, beg to submit the fol lowing: Be it Resolved, by the farmers of Morrow County, Oregon, in conven tion assembled, being three hundred farmers, producers of 90,000 bushels of wheat, in attendance: First That we favor the McNary Haugen Bill, believing that it will afford early relief to the wheat grow er, early and effective relief being necessary to save the wheat fBrmer from bankruptcy. Second-rThat we can see In the further extension of credits no relief to the wheat growers, the' majority of whom are now laboring under as great a burden of interest payments as they can well afford to attempt to carry, their need being some remedy which will enable them to obtain such price for their product as will give them a reasonable profit, this in turn enabling them to reduce their indebt edness and relieving them of the ne cessity of asking for extension of credit. Third Since a protective tariff has been the means of securing to other lines of industry a profit which was really remunerative, we favor such a tariff upon wheat as will save to the American farmer the home mar ket, otherwise he should not be re quired to pay on what he purchases a tariff upon the things which he mnst have in his line of work, the farmers' position being simply that we ask for what the immortal Roosevelt styled "a square deal" so far as tariff leg islation is concerned. Fourth That a copy of these res olutions be sent to the president of the United States, to each of our Rep resentatives and Senators in Con gress, and to each of the local papers of the County. Be it further Resolved, That we heartily commend the work being done by the Experiment Station at Moro in solving the problem of the farmer, and we hereby express our appreciation of the asBsitance ren dered by Director D. E. Stephens, of the Moro Experiment Station, and Professor E. R. Jackman, of the Ex tension Service vi the O, A. C, in making the meeting a success; and also extend to the other speakers our hearty thanka for their able and in structive addresses. Committee: R. B. Wilcox, Charles B. Cox, Jeff Jones, H. M. Olden, S. E. Notson. Report of Labor Committee. Whereas, farm employes are the Just follow my Directions Fuller dealers take a real interest in giving helpful advice to paint customers; telling them what product is the most suitable; carefully expl aining surface prep aration; what kind of brush to use and just how to apply the paint, varnish, enamel or stain. Take advantage of the knowledge and experience of the Fuller dealer. He will be glad to help you. Ask or send for our Free book "Home Painting." It's your painting guide. ton any fuller pnonitcr consult THE NEAREST FULLER DEALER I Peoples Hardware Co. W. P. FULLER & CO. S01 Minion Street, San Frncico 11 Blanche In Pacific Coaat Cltlet FULLER PAINTS VARNISHES riONtlR WHITE LEAD 2421 only class of laborers hat den and top wares, rerardleis of their skill or efficiency; therefsre Be it Resolv ed, that an effort be made by the farm organizations in Wasco, Sher man, Gilliam, Morrow and Umatilla Counties to establish a graduated wa;e seal for various kinds of labor with scale low enough so that skill ed labor, efficient hands and those that stay with their jobs can be re warded for their efficiency by a sub stantial raise over . the advertised scale. We further recommend a wage scale of from thirty-live to fifty dol lars per month for common farm hands for Spring work and that farm organizations endeavor to cooperate in investigating the supply and de mand of labor and endeavor to estab lish uniform scale with reasonable variation for efficiency for harvest wages. Committee: R. A. Campbell, chair man, Fred Mankin, W. F. Barnett, William Padberg, R, W. Turner, Ed ward Rietmann. Report, Livestock Group, Economic Conference. By GARNET BARRATT. In a previous issue of this paper, Mr. R. W. Turner has given a very complete report of the Economic Con ference at Corvallia, January 23 to 25, therefore as one of the represen tatives to that conference from this county, I will try to briefly outline some of the investigations and rec ommendations as taken from the live stock committee report, with special note of those pertaining to stock in terests in Morrow county. Those in terested may obtain a complete report from the County Agent as limited space does not permit a full report. The last census report values beef cattle in Oregon at approximately twenty-nine and one-half million dol lars; sheep at twenty-four and one half million, and dairy cattle at less than nineteen million. Sheep and cat tle constitute the chief source of in come from approximately three- fourths the area of the state com posed of grazing area, while farming and iri gated regions compose the bal ance, or approximately fifteen million acres, where dairying and hog rais ing with fanning compose the largest livestock income. With reference to beef cattle it was found that the actual reduction in numbers in the last few years has been less than is generally assumed. In 1920 Oregon produced 166 per eent of its beef requirement, while the three Pacific Coast states produced only 87 per cent of beef requirement for their entire population. It is the vast grazing area that pay tribute to a Superstition The idea that "eastern" motor oils merely because they cost more are in some mysterious way "better" is just as baseless as the super stition about the black cat crossing the road, illustrated above. Automotive engineers have long recognized that the most suitable crude petroleum so far discovered from which to manufacture a motor oil is produced on the Pacific Coast It is Naphthenic Base Crude. "Thinning Down" an Advantage The motor oil (Zerolene) which is refined from this crude has characteristics some what different from those of eastern paraffine base oils. It "thins down" more rapidly for one thing, and this fact is oft en cited against it But this is really an advantage instead of a defect. Because it thins down more rapidly, it reaches an effective lubricating body sooner, and fol lows more closely the changing bearing clearances of the engine as it warms up. Highway Commission Finds the Fads Some time ago the engineers of the Cali fornia State Highway Commission de cided to subject this anti-western bogie to the brutal test of actual comparison. Read the summary of these tests, printed in the 1921 Biennial Report of the Cali- fornia State Highway Commission: STANDARD OIL COMPANY (CALIFORNIA) has made beef production a large livestock enterprise fn this state. Ex periences prove that the cheapest beef fs produced oa grass with hay in winter and that it is more profit able to sell steers at two years of age than at three years or older. Fat tening at an older age takes more grain, that will make more profit if fed to hogs. The last two years have been times of deep depression for the cattle man and much dissatisfaction has been the result, with a tendency of cattle men to go into the sheep business as a more profitable investment. It was the recommendation of the commit tee that range land where grazing and feed conditions are best suited to cat tle should be continued as such, as alternating from eattle to sheep, and from sheep to cattle under temporary price fluctuations Is not justified on such lands. Selling cat tie at low prices and purchasing sheep at high prices is not deemed advisable. The sheep industry like the cattle industry is assured a permanent place in Oregon agriculture by reason of the grazing areas that cannot be used otherwise. Sheep have decreased thirty million head in the last twenty years, while our population has in creased. Our annuai production of wool in the United States today is less than fifty per eent of our eon sumption, with an average importa tion in the last three years of three hundred and forty-two million pounds. The outlook for sheep indus try is very good at present. Because of limited range, it is not thuoght that range sheep will be increased, but it is believed that farm sheep ean be increased as profitable side line of small farms in valley and irrigated sections, without interfer ing with other farm enterprises. Ex periences of others in country prove this. Because a few sheep are a great help in the utilization of weeds and farm waste lands on the average farm and furnish two crops a year, their use as a permanent feature of a div ersified fanning program is destined to grow rather than diminish. Oregon is deficient in the produc tion of hogs, in fact it is the only product that it does not produce en ough of for its own consumption. The needs at present are one-half hog per person or about 390,000 hogs. It was recommended that each farm keep en ough hogs to utilize farm waste; that dairy farms keep one hog to the cow to use up surplus milk; one hog for every five to ten acres of grain, and one hog to be kept to use up garbage wastes on farm. In this way enough hogs can be kept to supply local con sumption at a profitable cost, and not have to ship so much pork into the state, and thereby keep the money at home. Lower freight rates on purebred 1 -A SssE!.' livestock In less than earlosd lots were urged as a means of auflding up the herds of country. Many n in Morrow county would like te feuiM ap better herds if it were eot for the exeessiva freight rates en this c!a of stock. Livestock club work for the boys and gi rls was recommended to be further extended and encouraged. It was urged that stocknen having stock to ship keep in closer touch with their commission men and fol low his advice as he is in a better position to know the exact condition of market and time to ship. Co-operation in this way wou'd eliminate much of market congestion and daily price fluctuations of present time. Matter of increase of grazing fees brought Dp by forest officials and dis cussed quite freely by livestock men present. It waa the eonaensus of opin ion that increase at this time Is not justified. Fees paid by livestock grow ers at present pay all expenses of forestry with an excess of S00 per cent over and above expenses. My only regret was that there were not more men at the conference front Eastern Oregon. A conference of this kind brings men from all parts of th state in ail businesses and the mater ial obtained by being there is inval uable. Many things of utmost im portance to state were discussed and a broader view given the individual than by any other means. More meetings of this kind would make ft greater and better Oregon and c om en unities. SEED WHEAT For sale, at my ranch, Eight Mile, at $1.00 per bu 90 sacks Hard Federation certified seed wheat. L. REDDING. WHEN K MAN MMCES POOL OF HIMSELF, HE USES MI6HTY CHEAP ' MATERIAL. EH ? Although thinning oat more rapidly, the (western) oil does not show any greater breaking down under high working tem peratures than the (eastern) oil, nor was there any greater deposit of carbon. Nei ther did the viscosity after use increase or decrease any more in the case of one than in the other." A Better Oil Even if It Does Cost Less Zerolene, because we employ only se lected crude and hold the patents on our high-vacuum refining process, is, we are convinced, one of the most care fully manufactured oils on the market, whether of eastern or western origin. Yet it costs about one-third less than eastern oil. In seven years the sales of Zerolene have increased seven-fold. The more experienced the motorist, the leys likely be is to pay tribute to a superstition. He insists on Zerolene even if it does cost less.