The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925, July 06, 1922, Image 3

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The gazette-times., July 06, 1922, Page PAGE THREE, Image 3

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Newspaper Page TextTHE GAZETTE-TIMES, HEPPNER. OREGON, THURSDAY, JULY 6, 1922. PAGS THREE PROFESSIONAL CARDS llSIEiflll; i de. r. r. faerior DENTIST Office upstairs over Postoffice Heppner, Oregon DR. R.Z. GROVE DHNTIST Successor to Dr. R. J. Vaufhaa Permanently located in the Odd Fellows Building, Rooms 4 and 5. Heppner. Oregon A. D. McMURDO, M. D. PHYSICIAN iVRGBOM Office in Patterson Drug Store Tialae lm Aaetataat Heppner, Oregon C .0 .CHICK, M. D. PHYsICMl ICEGEON Office upstairs over Postoffice Tralae Dm Si. lata at Heppner, Oregon WOODSON & SWEEK ATTORtETS-AT-LAW Office in Masonic Building Heppner, Oregon VAN VACTOE & BUTLEE ATTORNEY AT LAW Suit IOS First National Bank Building THE! DALLES, ORB. S. E. NOTSON ATTORNEY-AT-LAW Offce in Court House. Heppner, Oregon Offlc. Phone, Main (41 Residence Phone, Main Hi FEANCIS A McMENAMIN LAWYER Gilman Building, Heppner, Ore. F. H. EOBINSON LAWYER IONS, OREGON eoy v. whiteis Fire Insurance writer for best Old Line Companies. Heppnar, Oragon E. J. STARKEY ELECTRICIAN HOUSE WIRING A SPECIALTY Heppnar, Oragon Phaaa 871 HEPPNEE SANITARIUM DR. J. PERRY CONDER Phylclan-ln-Charge Traatmant of all dlaeaeee. Isolated warda tor oontagloua disease. FIRE INSURANCE WATEES & ANDERSON aeeeesora to C. C. Pattersoa Heppnar, Oragon THE MOORE HOSPITAL BMIra New Eqalaeaeat.. Large Medera larg.rr. DR. C C CHICK. M. D. Phyalclan and Burgeon Pfcoae Mala BS MATERNITY HOME MRS. O. C. AIKEN, HEPPNER I am prepared to take a limited number of maternity oaaea at my home. Patlrats privilege. ehoaae taelr on ahatclaa. Beat of attention and care assured. Pkoae saa LEGAL NOTICES NOTICE TO CREDITORS. Notice la hereby given that the un deraigned, haa been duly appointed by the County Court of the State of Ora gon for Morrow County, administratrix of the aetata of John Oaralda, deceas ed, and haa duly qualified ai auch ad ministratrix. All persons having claim, against the estate of said deoeaaed are hereby required to present the same, with the proper vouchers as required by law, to said administratrix at her horn at Heppner, Oregon, or at the law office of Jos. J. Nys, at Heppner, Oregon, within six months from the data of this notice. Dated and flrat published, this Ith day of June, 1921. CORDELIA BOTEN. Administratrix, NOTICK TO CREDITORS Notice la hereby given that th un deraigned has been appointed admin Istrator de bonis non of the Estate of Andrew J. Stevenson, deceased, by the County Court of the State of Oregon for Morrow County, and has qualified as such. All persons having olalms agalnat said estate are required to file the same properly verified, at the office of Woodson and Sweek, my attorneys. In Heppner, Oregon, on or before six months from the date of first publica tion hereof. A. L. CORNETT, Administrator. Data ot first publication June L 1IJ. MIT BE GUI C. 8. Land Commissioner gays Million! of Acres Are Opra to Yoa. Asaerta Thrifty Farmer la the Moat In dependent Citizen la the U. 8. By WILLIAM SPRY. Editor's Note. No higher authority on government lande can be found than William Spry, commissioner of the gen eral land office. He haa known the life of the fanner from actual experience and with this for a base hit continued investigations have enabled him to se cure a wide knowledge, a viewpoint that is just to both producer and consumer and also a sound economic knowledge of general conditions. There are today approximately 200, 000,000 acres of public lands in Uncle Sam's domain open for settlement. All of this can be utilized for some purpose or another, from the making of happy, contented homes and communities, to the grazing of sheep upon deserts that can only be utilized during the winter months, when there is sufficient snow to furnish the herds and herders their drinking water. In addition to this, there are nearly 200,000,000 acres more in our forest preserves, 85 per csnt of which is public land, and perhaps 50 per cent of this is more valuable for agrieulaural than fer other purposes. It Is also estimated that the swamp lands of the United States show an area of 80,000,000 acres of wet or overflow lands, and in addition, 150,000,000 acres of what is known as farm land but too wet for profitable cultivation, the pro duction of which could be increased at least 20 per cent by proper drainage. What Has Been Done. The United States Reclamation ser vice, during the last twenty years, have been on various projects, with the pur pose in view of reclaiming the so-called waste places by a careful distribution of water, and wherever they have pushed their work, the desert has been reclaim ed and made to blossom. For the year 1920 crops were produced on 1,153,820 acres to the value of $66,171,650. Up to March SI, 1922 water has been made available for 1,183,410 acres, and the to tal cost up to that time has been about $110,000,000. The service, however, is doing but little else just now but mark time, owing to a lack of money to com plete projects already undertaken. In addition, there are many perfectly feas ible projects which must await action until congress has provided the money to commence operations. Many bills are before the national body, looking toward the reclamation of lands, perhaps the most comprehensive being the so-called Smith-McNsry bill, which creates irri gation and drainage districts, and au thorizes the issuance of bonds as in school and other districts. The feasi bility of every project, including the es timated cost, must first be presented to the secretary of the interior, who, if interested, provides for an inspection by the department of engineers. If con vinced of its practibility, and there is no money available, the project is under taken. When it is so far advanced as to represent a value of two dollars for every one dollar of construction cost, the bonds, up to an amount representing cost, are ordered sold, and the money derived from the sale is turned into the reclamation fund for use in the develop ment of other projects, the management of the completed project is turned over to its owners, and the annual payments far both principal and interest on the bends are collected as all other taxes. No default need be anticipated, for the bonds are a lien against the project, as are the bonds of any district or muni cipality. Why More Farms. Now the argument arises with some why the necessity for more farms? Isn't it difficult to sell the produce from the farms we already have? Well, perhaps prices for farm products may not have been altogether what the farmer has thought they should be, but to the labor er in the congested cities they have been decidedly more than they should hsve been, so much so that it has started a movement to the country from the city t.at no power can stop. Of the 490 farm units created since the passage of Pub lic Resolution No. 29, approved Febru ary 14, 1920, giving former service men a sixtyrday preference right of entry, 487 have been taken by the soldiers and 7,445 of these boys have made applica tion for a chance to draw for the 490 units; 45,000 of them made inquiries concerning the openings. In the general land office, for the fiscal year ending June 80, 1921, there were received 63, 816 applications for homestead and kin dred entries, and 6,744 desert land ap plications. Since the date of the Act to June 30, 1921, there were 62,401 stock- raising homesteads entered. To keep pace with this demand there are ap proximately 10,000,000 acres of land be ing surveyed every year under the direc tion of the general land office. So that, regardless of statements to the con trary, there is a land hunger everywhere and men show their willingness to grap ple with the soil and mnke their fight under the most adverse conditions in order to establish homes and build com munities that there may exist a happy ond contented people. And why should ihcy not be happy? The average thrifty fnrmer is the most independent citizen in the country today. What if his crops have not paid him all he should have re ceived? He has had an abundance to eat, in both quality and quantity infin itely better than the average man in the city, who, by the way, must pay cash for everything he puts in his mouth un til by the time he has met his daily, weekly, or monthly expense, finds his salary vanished and himself under the necessity of hustling continuously to keep the supply from stopping. Well, the farmer must kocp hustling too, but while doing so, he can't lose sight of the fact that his partners are always on the job lending a helping hand, and should he want to visit the parks or the beaches In his automobile during the ripening season, old Dame Nature is keeping a watchful eye on what Is gonlg on, and when harvest time is on, the goods are thore to deliver. Hard work, of course, it's hard work for I've tried it; so is railroad section work, and I've tried that too, but I confess I have never felt near ly so independent doing section work as Li have felt on the farm. The sense of proprietorship was not mere. Does reclamation pay?. Go ask the people of the South, what the drainage of their lands has done for them. Go to the Everglades of Florida, which the school children of the country have been taught was a dismal swamp, and witness the redemption that drainage has brought. Go to your reclamation projects of the West, and count, if you can, the increased wealth they are pro ducing for the country. Where Is your WOOL PRODUCERS NOW TOTAL 2000 The Pacific Cooperative Wool Growers during the week of June 19 to 24 passed the 2000 mark in membership, which makes it the largest wool growers' mar keting organization west of Iowa. The association now contains representative groupe of growers in Washington, Cali fornia, Idaho and Oregon, and is pre paring to increase its membership in these states during the current season. Most growers generally recognize the value of grading wool and marketing in an orderly manner, and this method of wool marketing ia becoming more gen erally adopted over the United States. The association had the lowest hand ling cost of any of the wool growers' as sociations in the United States, handling as many small clips aa does the Pacific association, during the last season. Wool grading is now in progress at the ware house, and sales to western and eastern mills will start in the near future. The Producer. Editor Takes Course Ia Agriculture. Vswter Crawford, editor of the Hepp ner Gazette-Times, passed through town last Sunday morning on his return from the Moro Experiment Station meeting of the hard-handed sons of toll to study the best methods of agriculture. No doubt he gathered valuable pointers he will use when he retires from the af fluent though hard newspaper grind with nothing to do but sit under his own fig tree and see gathered in the fruitful re sults of his brosd acres due to the val uable lessons he learned at Moro. lone Independent. Review of Fiscal Year Shows Prohibition Facts Reviewing the past fiscal year of Com missioner Haynes' administration as Federal Prohibition Commissioer, Direc tor Joseph A. Linville invites public at tention to the fact that only 2,627,333 gallons of whiskey were withdrawn as compared with 9,696,122 gallons the pre vious year, and 16,491,303 gallons of al cohol and other distilled spirits with drawn as compared with 24,856388 gal lons wihtdrawn the previous year; that 1,216 cases were reported by general prohibition agents, taxes amounting to 117,10234.24 were recommended, and fines and penalties amounting to 82, 159,410.39 were imposed. Three end one half million dollars worth of bonds were placed in suit, or proceedings begun. Re ductions in rentals and disposition of seized property in the amount of $208. 832.50 were effected, and an additional saving of $156,900 otherwise effected. Under the narcotic laws 2,195 violations were exposed, resulting in 1,109 convic tions and $64,083 in fines and penalties. Numerous changes in reorganization took place. Enforcement work has been vested in state directors snd a mobile force of general agents under eighteen divisional chiefs directed from Wash ington created; a special group was des ignated to prepare all crimnial informa tions, indictments, injunctions, libles and search warrants, and concentration of claim work resulted in specialized clerks and expedition work. One set of reports and accounts are now required for distillery and bonded warehouses in stead of three as heretofore. With a view to reducing the number of permits, all applicants to operate as wholesale druggists are doubly checked, sud reports of state inspectors are veri fied by reinspection by division pharm acists. Manufacturers and wholesale dealers are required to give a monthly accountability of all drugs received, manufactured and sold. Forgery-proof, non-transferable permit forma effectual ly prevent fraudulent withdrawals. To expedite prosecutions, all cases are reported monthly to the central office, then to the department of justice for supervision and preparation for speed trii.1. The service utilizes submarine chas ers, speedy motor boats and airplanes. 0. A. C. Farm Pointers That Point Straight The dry season in western Oregon and the cool spring in eastern Oregon are making the hay crop look rather short. Several farmers in previous short hay years have saved their stock by filling their silos with various available erops during the summer. Weedy grain, Can ada thistles and grain, road side mow ings, other waste crops, etc., while often not making the best of silage will carry much stock through a winter. Every silo should be full this fall. Spray for Codling Moth. Adult codling moths are continuing to appear in limtied numbers and eggs are being deposited. In orchards where the apple worm was at all serios last year a protective poison spray should be ap plied at once . Because of limited num bers of moths appearing keep down in festation sufficiently by delaying the thinning process somewhat and then paying especial care to thinning out the wormy fruit. Industrial venture that will return an Income of $66,171,650 in one year on a total investment of $110,000,000 covering a period of twenty years? Not one of the projects but what has produced far more wealth than is represented in the cost of construction. FIELD MARSHAL ASSASSIN'S VICTIM The whole world was shocked when cables flashed news of the murder of Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson in Lon ndo. Chief of the Irish General Staff, Gen. Wilson aided Marshal Foch in di recting th eoccupation of German cities by Allied troops. He was commander of the British forces in Ulster. Pino m i NUTIUA PROJECT (East Oregonian.) Portland's enthusiasm over the possi bilities offered by the Umatilla Rapids project has apparently been aroused. News stories carried in the Portland newspapera, and oral reports brought to Pendleton by local men who attended the luncheon when Fred Eteiwer snd Doctor Penrose spoke alt bear testimony that the Rosa City is interested. Follow ing is an editorial carried by the Oregon Journal yesterday on the rapids: "In Portland Monday were men from Pendleton to enlist local interest In the Umatilla Rapids power project When they return to the Round-Up City they should be able to report that Portland's interest was instant, enthus iastic and substantial. Portland's visitors represent the larg est practicable power project in the Northwest today. As the center of market already partially prepared, as a means of irrigation, as an agency of electrification of railroads in Oregon and Washington, as an aid to beat trans portation on the Columbia, as the ener gizer of possible nitrate works and other industries, and as a source of cheap power, heat and illumination for cities and towns in a zone comprehended by Portland, Spokane, Tacoma and Seattle, the Umatilla Rapids project is unique and compelling. A descent of the Columbia 17 feet In 2 1-2 miles creates Umatilla Rapids about three miles above the old Umatilla boat landing. A dam which will raise the low water level of the Columbia $0 feet would aupply water by gravity or pumping for a now non-productive area of several hundred thousand acres. It would provide 300,000 horse-power 11 months of the year and 500,000 horse power during the season when 260,000 horsepower would be needed for irriga tion pumping. It would electrify all the railroads of Oregon, if desired. It would double the navigability of the Columbia between Celilo and the mouth of Snake river. From such a project a reserve current could be fed into Portland at a cost so low that no other form of energy, heat or illumniation would be as cheap. It would make Portland in literal truth the electric city of the world. The project is big enough to thrill the imagination, but not so formidable as to rob it of practicality. The Koekuk dam in Mississippi is a greater engin eering feat than that proposed in the Columbia at Umatilla Rapids, but the per-second-foot flow of the Columbia is double that of the Mississippi at Keo kuk. The Umatilla project is one that would pay its way in the Colombia basin under conditions prevailing now, but it vculd prove tha mightiest engine of de velopment and the greatest stimulnr.t to colonization yet devised for the Nor thwest, The necessity for concentrated action on the part of both Oregon and Wash ington to start the wheels grinding to make a reality of- the dream to harness the Columbia River by building a dam near the Umatilla rapids is the subject of an able editorial which recently was published in the Portland Telegram. The editorial is aa follows: A delegation of representative men from Pendleton and neighboring points in the Columbia basin, Monday present ed in a clear and convincing way to the Portland Chamber of Commerce the plans and possibilities of the Umatilla Rapids irrigation and power project These men came to present one of the most attractive development projects that could well be conceived. By the investment of approximately $32,000,000 in a power plant at the rap ids on the Columbia, 500,000 horsepower may be generated and 500,000 acres of arid land may be made fertile with irri gation water. Primary power may here be produced at a cost of from $5.50 to (6.65. Power from this plant may be sent to Portland, Tacoma, Seattle, Spo kane, Walla Walla, Lewiston, Pendleton, Ontario and Burns. The area that can be irrigated lies about equally divided in both states. This is a mammoth project interest ing and inspiring in its possibilities. A half million acres of new fertile land could support the farms and in tribu tary towns no less than 200,000 new comers. Such a contribution of popula tion to these two states would vastly increase our commercial and industrial wealth. Practically every acre of such project would be tributary in a trade way to Portland. A half million of new horsepower means even more to this Northwest than a half million new acres. That amount of power put to work here would call for a factory supported population of another 200,000 or more; and it would give cheap power, heat and light to all the farms, villages, and cities within reach of its transmission lines. A project so vast is in danger of being laid by for dreaming purposes. It is doubtful if private capital could handle so great an enterprise. The two states and the federal government must under take it or at least lend support to it to give it the credit and staying power necessary until it shall become self sup porting. The objection will be made that indus tries are not yet here to absorb the power; that the railways are not yet ready to scrap their locomotives and build power lines along their tracks; and that settlers are slow in coming to newly irrigated lands, and that we al ready have many acres of idle lands un der copious water systems. All of this is the voice of the wait awhile, the voice of the unambitious; the voice of the slow. The Umatilla Rapids project is a manifest opportun ity. This land, this water and this water-fall lie already at hand to be linked up for a purpose that is rich in all the elements that make up a prosperous country. The project will never be developed without talking about it and some day it will be an accomplishment But it will not develop itself. Otherwise the Indians would have been gathering al-, falfa and potatoes where they gathered only sage brush and jackrabbits. HOMEY PHILOSOPHY FOR 1928. In the complete history of all the world, covering every line of life from politics to industry, embracing all the professions, all the trades, all the en terprises, and any and every avocation of mankind, has there ever risen to the top and stayed there s thief, a burglar, a shrewd swindler, a trickster, a Uzy lout, a man without principle, a liar, an ungrateful rogue, a crook stripped of human sympathy, a niggardly, parsimon ious, pusilanimoua pussyfooter or any other kind of a no-good? Not one. An' we're all striving for the top. The way to travel may not be hard to find, but the way not to travel is stuck under our noses every hour. j TV-T it ,-r .-r t-t -r-T , - v - n . , - - I ' ft r$f I JwS Our New Model Fourteen Linotypt E ASK our readers to cast their eyes over this illustration; it is our new Model 14 Linotype, just installed, and as a composing machine in a printing office it is just about, the last word. Beiner amultiDle-maerazine machine, we have had it equipped with a variety of type faces, and there is little compo sition in the shop that we cannot do on the Linotype, greatly facilita ting our ability to turn out work rapidly apd efficiently. Besides the installation of this machine a progressive step in our business is an evidence that we appreciate the splendid volume of business re cived from this community. We are now much better equipped to serve the people of Heppner and surrounding country than ever be fore; it puts THE GAZETTE-TIMES in the class of the best week lies in the state. We are improving the paper just as rapidly as we can and the new machine will aid us a lot in this particular. Come in and look it over and see this latest output of the Mergenthaler Lino type Company in operation and observe what it can do. It is a me chanical wonder. THE MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE A machine to set type u the dream of Inventors from th time when the printing business began to assume a position of importune among the trades. The original Idea was that a machine must handle type-founders' type and compote H into lines with the help of one or more operators. A number of machines were made along this line. Some were failures en tirely, while a few others were perfected so that they would set type, but found to be too expensive to op erate. It was through experimenting with a ma chine for the more rapid transcribing of reports of law eases and the reports of legislative committees that the idea of a slug-casting machine developed. The Mergenthaler Linotype is the most successful one-man composing machine in the world. It is a single machine which at the will of the operator as sembles a line of matrices, casts a slug from them, trims and delivers the slug Into a galley ready for use. and finally distributes the matrices back into their respective channels in the magazine, where they are ready to be called down again, In their turn by the touch of the keybutton. With the ex ception of the assembling of the matrices the entire operation it automatic. In form the Linotype b not like any other machine. It is in reality the assemblage of four distinct ma chines or parts, so arranged that they work in har monythe magaxine, the assembling mechanism, the casting mechanism and the distributing mechanism. The magatlne is on top of the machine, sloping from back to front at an angle of S7 degrees, and consist ing of two brass plates placed together with a space of about of an inch between. The two inner sur faces are cut with 92 grooves or channels running the up and down way of the magazine, for carrying the matrices. The matrices slide down these chan nels on edge, with the face or punched edge down and the V-end extending toward the upper part of the magatine. Each one of these channels is of suf ficient length to contain twenty matrices. The Linotype matrix is made of brass. Its thick ness varies with the sise of the character stamped in to it. The teeth which appear in the V at the top of the matrix are used In the distribution of the mat rices. Matrices are made in both one- and two-letter L e,, the one-letter matrix has but one character punched on its edge, and the two-letter has two char acters punched on its edge. By an ingenious ar rangement either the one-letter or two-letter matrix can be used in the same machine, and either charac ter of the two-letter matrix can be used at wilt The spaceband, which b used to separate the words in a line and at the saint time "justify" the line to the end of the slug, consists of two steel wedges. One hi about the sise of and ia form somewhat like a matrix; the other is about 6 inches long. The two are fastened together so that the long wedge will slide past the short one. The short wedge has two lugs at the top which engage in grooves in the front and back jaw of the first elevator, so that when pres sure b applied to the lower end of the wedge, the short wedge b held in position between the matrices, and as the long wedge b forced upward, the thickness of the band or apace increases until the line ia jus tified to it full length. The assembling mechanism b the only part of the Linotype where the human mind b applied to the work of the machine. It b necessary for the eye to read the copy, and the mind, through the medium of the fingers, to translate the copy into assembled lines of matrices ; after that the machine acts automatic ally. The keyboard b made up of 90 keys, which act di rectly on the matrices in their channels in the maga aine. The slightest touch on the keybuttons releases the matrix, which drops to the assembler belt and b carried iwlftly to the assembler. When a word b as sembled the spaceband key b touched and a space band drops into the assembler. When the necessary n: at rices and spacebands to fill the tine have been assembled, the operator raises the assembler by press ing the lever on the side of the keyboard. When the assembler reaches its highest point It automatically starts the machine and the matrices are transferred to the casting position. The casting mechanism consists of the metal pot, mold disk, mold, ejector, and trimming knives. When the line of matrices leaves the assembler, they pas to a position in front of the mold disk. The disk makes one-quarter turn to the left, which brings the mold from the ejecting position, where it stands while the machine b at rest, to the casting position. It then advances until the face of the mold comes in con tact with the matrices. The metal pot advances until the pot mouthpiece comes in contact with the back of the mold ; at thb point the pump plunger descends and forces the metal into the mold and against the matrices. The pot then recedes, the mold dbk with draws from the matrices and makes threefoortha a revolution to the left, stopping at the ejecting po sition, from which ft started. The slug b ejected and assembled ia the galley. During the last revolution of the dbk the bottom of the slag b trimmed off, and in the process of ejection the sides of the slog ar teimmed, so that when tt drops into the galley the slug b a perteet line of type, ready for the form. After the slug has been cast, the matrices are carried np to the second position, when they are pushed to the right, and the teeth In the V at the top of the matrices engage the grooves in the distributor bar of the second elevator, which descends from the distributor box at the same time that the matrices rise to the second transfer po sition. The second elevator them rises toward the distributor box, taking the matrices with H. hut leaving the spacebands ; these are then pushed to the right and slide, into the spaeeband bos. to bo used again. As the second elevator rises toward the distributor box with Its load of matrices, the dbtribntor snifter lever moves to the left until the elevator head has reached Its place by the distributor box. It then moves back to the right and pushes the matrices on the second elevator distributor bar into the distrib tor box, where they meet the "matrix lift and are lifted, one at a time, to the dbtribvtor acrews and distributor bar proper. The teeth in the matrix and the grooves in the bar are so arranged that when a matrix arrives at a point directly over the channel to which it belongs, ft "let's go and drops into ha channel. If, however, there b a matrix in the line which was not designed to drop into one of the channeb op erated from the keyboard, it will be carried clear across the distributor bar and dropped into the last channel, and from there tt will find its way to the sorts stacker. The distribution of the matrices b the most won derful part of the Linotype. The distributor will handle the matrices day after day and week after week, taking the lines as they come, separating the matrices and dropping each one into its proper chan nel without an error. It does its work automatically and requires very little attention. The manipulation of the Linotype keyboard differs from the operation of a typewriter in that it re quires practically no physical exertion. Oa the typewriter the operator strikes the keys with con siderable force, while on the Linotype the slightest touch on the key-buttons b sufficient to release the matrices from the magaxine. One quick touch on a key will bring down a matrix: if the key b held down the matrices will continue to drop until the channel b empty. When the Linotype wis first designed it was thought that, at best, it would be used only for newspsper composition, and, perhaps, no larger face than 8 point would be used. But such has been the excellence of the machine and its product that H boa taken possession of every branch of composition for the printing trade. Dictionaries, encyclopedias, cat alogues, editions de luxe, books, mages ine. newspa pers, newspaper advertisements, tabular work, and commercial job work are now set on the Linotype. The range in sise and face b from five point to 41 point. The Linotype b sometimes called a type-setting machine, but thb b not correct ; H does not set type. It b a different departure front the old typesetting methods. U might be considered a substitute for type setting. It b, strictly speaking, a composing ma chine, as it does composition, but its product b not set type, but solid slugs in the form of lines of type with the printing face cut on one edge. The original Linotype carried 90 characters ia one magaavine and the mold was stationary; that b, ia order to change the length or thickness of the slug the entire mold was removed and another substituted. The development of the machine from the original type has been steady and graduaL As printers learn ed tu aospt their work to the machine and the ma chine to the work, they demanded more of the Lino type and improvements began to appear. The two letter matrix, which gave the operator 180 characters in the magaxine instead of 90 ; the Universal Adjust able Mold, which made the chance of slug in length or thickness the work of a minute; the two magaxine machine, which gave the operator $9$ ehataetess; the quick change machines, which permit a eossplete change of magasinea In a minute by one man ; and the last grand triumph, three magaxine Linotype and the four magasine Linotype, The former giving the operator a selection of six or more faces and TtO characters. With the original machine only the text matter of a newspaper could be set ; with the modern four magaxine machine the. entire paper, heads, ads., and text can be set from the machine without change of magaxines.