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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (April 22, 1915)
2 HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION The Agricultural College Is a Valuable Friend to the Farmer . am m. V . i a J VT i 1 S1 II J rage or isews rsiores and interestins: Articles written rv college experts. VIEW OP OREGON AGRICl'LTl'RAI. COLLEGE AT CORVAIAIS, OR. IT'S SOLB AIM IS TO AID AGRICULTURISTS. New Horticultural and Crop Pest Report Now Announced OREGON fruit and vegetable growers can find no more valuable aid in solv ing the problems of production and pro tection of horticultural products than the information contained in the second bien nial crop pest and horticultural report of the Oregon experiment station. The facts and principles put forward in this newly published volume were determined by careful experimentation with Oregon ma terial under Oregon conditions. Some of the most important problems that confront the grower were taken up, several of which have been solved while still others are in course of solution. Care fully worded and accurate reports of these experiments have been made and results together with the principles of production induced therefrom are clearly stated. The horticultural report deals with fer tilizers for onion land, greenhouse tomato investigation, fruit-pit studies in the Wil lamette, effects of different degrees of moisture on pears, and strawberry va rieties of Oregon. Each subject was written bv a specialist and while conserva tive and reliable is also vigorously and vitally handled for the benefit of the general grower. The report on insect crop pests was taken from records of original investiga tions and contains notes on a number of species not named In the first report. Sev eral' investigations that were under way when the first report as Issued have been concluded, while thers are still in progress. There are eight of the unfin ished problems now undwr investigation to be reported at a later .te. Not all the investigational work was carried on at the college by any means, many of the control problems having been studied In the variouB parts of the state in which serious outbreaks occurred. Field tests with Insecticides have also been performed in many Instances and the ef ficiency of the sprays has been deter mined. .11 it. The report on botany and plant path ology includes seven discussions, as fol lows' V Pacific Coast rust attacking pear, quince, etc., a new filbert disease in Oregon, bacterial gummosls or bacterial " canker of cherries, notes on miscellane ous potato diseases, experimental spray ing of prunes for brown rot, potato spray ing experiments, and notes, observations and minor investigations of plant diseases. A number of investigations are under way including Winter injury to fruit trees, together with associated canker diseases, apple fruit spots and rots, mushroom root rot of fruit trees, and many other prob lems of primary interest to growers but they have not progressed far enough to warrant publication In the present report. The investigations of certain diseases are now centered largely at the Hood River experiment station. There are 280 pages in the report, which is indexed and profusely illustrated. As a reliable and ready-reference on the production of horticultural products the report will prove of Incalculable value to Horticulturists and general farmers. Cop ies may be had free of cost by writing to the Oregon Agricultural College for them. . Senior Wins Fellowship. y, Cx Gentner, of Portland, who will graduate in June at the Oregon Agricul tural College, has been appointed to a fellowship in the department of ento mology. This fellowship covers a period of two years. Five months each year will be spent at Corvallis and seven months as assistant to Dr. M. C Henderson, plant pathologist and assistant county agricul turist for . Jackson County, located at Medford. , "I from tbo I Corvelll with a t T of latereatlac Hem nm Arrknltoral Collese at in alienate la tbe farm weekly page of newt aote from the Washington State toll's at Pellman. Thl will afford . inim-hure of view from the two blf acrkultnral celltce of the North that ihould prove of benefit to tbe reader, for the Institution deal with tlmllar problems. - -1 Potato Seed Treatment Is Cheap Insurance for Crop (IT N taking up the matter of seed treat- 1 ment for disease control, several questions present themselves for consid eration," according to F. D. Bailey, re search assistant in plant" pathology, Ore gon Agricultural College. "ThiB being the time when many growers are especially interested the following recommendations are submitted in answer to queries that are constantly recurring: "Diseases that can be controlled entire ly or largely by proper treating and In spection of seed at cutting are, common scab, rhizoctonla, blackleg and the two fungus wilts. This, of course, with the understanding that tbe soil to be used has . not produced crops with any of these dis eases in recent years and has had no other chance to become disease. "Tubers that are bruised, cracked or discolored, or show a brown ring when the stem Is cut across should be sorted out and discarded from the seed. In case scab is the principal trouble for which seed is to be treated, It will be quite sat isfactory to use the formaldehyde treat ment: "One pint formalin In 30 gallons water, soaking seed with sacks or crates for two hours, and then drying seed thoroughly. This should preferably be done immedi ately before planting; however, if It is desirable to start sprouts before planting it will be necessary to give the treatment somewhat earlier. Care should be taken not to reinfect the tubers by placiug them back in the same storage place unless It, too, Is disinfected. In any case, at the present state of experimental evidences it is advisable to treat before cutting. "A substance that is more satisfactory than formalin in that It is effective against rhizoctonla as well as scab is mer curic chloride (corrosive sublimate). This poisonous substance may be secured in the form of white crystals from the,large drug companies, the smaller stores gener ally carrying It only In tablet form. This should be used in 1 to 1000 dilution or about four ounces in 30 gallons of water where the crystals are used. If the tab lets are used the directions should be fol lowed. "In making this up for use the amount to be used should be carefully weighed out and dissolved in a small quantity of hot water. This must be done In a clean wooden or porcelain container and after diluting it must be handled in the same way, since it reacts with metals. The treat ment from this point Is the same as with formaldehyde, except that tubers should be soaked one and one-balf hours. It should also be borne in mind that this substance is poisonous so should be kept away from Braall children or stock. "Either solution may be used several times (not to exceed four). The formal dehyde loses strength on standing and the mercuric chloride gradually deteriorates when it becomes dirty. A gas treatment with formalin may be used where large quantities of potatoes are to be treated but requires special precautions, details of which will be furnished parties Interested on application to the department of plant pathology at Oregon Agricultural Col lege." One Oregon Gardener. The vegetable display of F. M. Sher man, of Lebanon, Or., is attracting much favorable notice at the Panama-Pacific . Exposition. His onions, cantaloupes, po tatoes, pumpkins, squashes and other gar den truck are described as top-notchers. Mr. Sherman has been a faithful attend ant at Oregon Agricultural College short courses until he is familiar not only with the processes of scientific production but also with the principles of selection and arrangement of displays. He began gar dening about nine years ago with a capital of $30, and within five years had paid for his 10 acres that had been brought into production. Although out of health when he began he Is rugged now and has sup ported his family of four besides adding materially to his holdings. He has re peatedly won distinction at state and Na tional fairs with his choice vegetables. Advantages and Ills of Hogging Off Corn BY G. R. SAMSON, Swine Specialist, O. A. C. IN considering the possibilities of hog- ging oft corn, a sufficient amount of thought has not been given to the finish ing process. Hogging off corn is a com promise between pasturing and lot feed ing; hence the features which are incident to pasture are present to this sort of feeding, both the advantages and the dis advantages. The advantages, of course, are the facts that the pigs harvest the feed themselves and that they secure a good deal of suc culence at a comparatively cheap price; - moreover, they secure a good deal of nu trient at a low cost. The disadvantages are that they consume a considerable amount of crude fiber or coarse material which lakes up space in their stomachs and which cannot, therefore, be occupied by better feed. Consequently the high finish is not secured by subjecting the pigs which have hogged off a crop to a period of finishing during which time they can be fed but little pasture- or roughage and should have a maximum of a balanced ration of pretty concentrated material. The length of time which will be re quired for finishing will depend upon the size of the pigs and upon the weight -they have reached before hogging off the crop. The eye of the feeder is the only guide in this case. The pigs muRt be smooth and plump when finished and a sufficient amount of time and a sufficient quantity of feed must be used to secure this .result, be It two weeks or longer. Ordinarily the finishing process cannot be completed in much short of two weeks and It may- take a considerably longer time. Since the pigs have been practically on full feed during the hogging off of the crop they may be easily put onto a self feeder for their finishing process. The ration at this time may well consist of a ration of grain balanced with tankage or skim milk, according to what is available. It tankage Is used, 5 per cent will be a sufficient quantity, or If skim milk is used, two pounds of skim milk to each pound of grain consumed will just about produce the balance. As to the kind of grain which Is best suited for the finish ing process, this will depend upon what Is cheapest in the locality, since the rela tive values of corn, wheat and barley for fattening pigs are not very different Whichever feed will produce the greatest amount of grain for each dollar expended on each acre of land may be considered the best feed to raise for the feeding of the pigs. Poison Bait for Slags. The garden slug, slimy, slow-moving and repulsive creature that attacks all manner of garden and ornamental plants, Is readily controlled by the use of a poi son bait, says A. L. Lovett, specialist In insect crop pests at tbe Oregon Agricul tural College. To be most effective the material should be placed In small heaps about the infested arcs carlr in the even ing. The treatment should be repeated about every flvje days to take care of the newly hatched slugs. The most effective bait Is finely chopped leaves of some green succulent feed, such as lettuce, kale, wild mustard or clover,' with the addition of arsenic ' and some sweetening agent. The follow ing formula is good for small amounts:' . Green succulent leaves (chopped fine ly), one quart; Paris green or white arsenic, one tablespoonful; sugar one tablespoonfiil. Bran may be used Instead of tbe leaves, but water must be added sufficient to make the mixture moist, not sloppy. Slugs may also be trapped under boards or pieces of burlap placed about the field. The traps should be visited in the early morning, when the slugs may be removed and destroyed. Early Spray Recommended for Currant and Gooseberry Worm THERE are two insect pests which at tack tbe currant and gooseberry. One occurs as a small white maggot inside the developing fruit, causing it' to ripen prematurely and drop to the ground. The post Is known as the currant maggot or the gooseberry fruit fly. The other pest Is a velvety green worm which feeds on the leaves stripping the foliage from the bushes about the time tbe fruit Is ma turing. This pest is known as the native currant worm. Sprays are not generally effective In controlling the currant maggot. Stir the soil thoroughly to some depth about the bushes in the Fall and again In late March. For the green currant worm spray the hushes with a lead arsenate solution us ing one ounce of lead arsenate to three gallons of water. This spray to do the most good must be applied just after the fruit is set on the bushes. If one does not apply this early spray, the worms may be killed when the fruit Is large by a spray of white hellebore powder one ounce In three gallons of water. This material is non-poisonous and does not discolor the fruit. The early spray Is to be recom mended, however. Here Are a Few Things to Be Done for the Lawn in April LAWNS can be made all through April In Oregon and even well Into Mayt says Professor A. L. Peck, landscape spe cialist of the Agricultural College. All rose pruning should have been completed before this tlmeT and under no consider ation should any of the early flowering woody shrubs be pruned before tbelr flowering season has passed. Otherwise a large part of the flowers are cut away In the pruning. As soon as the ground works well grass seed may be sown in the lawn. All newly planted trees should be shaped so as to develop Into fine straight growth rather than Into forms crooked and undesirable, due to prevailing winds and other causes. Keep a close lookout for the weeds, and get them early. If slugs are present, sprinkle a little soot or wood ashes around the plants that are being attacked. From the middle to the last of the month early flowering asters, balsam, calllopsis, candytuft, cornflower, sweet sul tan, annual chrysanthemum, dahlia, cos mos, any of the popples, annual gallardia, annual larkspur, mignonette, pansy, an nual phlox, stocks and other early flow ering plant seed may be sown. ' Needs an Audience. "8o your wife Is a suffragette?" "Yes," answered Mr. Jenkins. "Why does she want to vote?" "I don't think Henrietta really desires to vote. She's merely tired of talking to me. She wants a large and more Intelli gent audteno.e." PHI In ami aai ... THIS COUPON If you want highest Krade plumbing supplier, pipes and fixtures - At Wholesale Prices! Tom Incur no obligation in doing so. Stark-Davu Co. "i en?)o roiijjh ktci of Iwthroom, In cluding floor plan of huuto and a list of wltat I ntl. Quote approximate rvholrsal prhr, unit tell how to In atall it myself anil nave the plumber'! bill. My Namo Address ,, Roumanta Is a trifle larger than New York, and Bulgaria a little bigger tnaa Virginia. He Took Dad. "My boy," said the Arvada minister, patting the youngster on the head. "Have you been (o the circus this Summer?" "Yes, sir," replied Johnnio Tnmblebug. "Pa wanted to go, so I had to go with . him." : SAVE YOUR TEETH COME IN anrt havo your month ex amlned will) In Portland. I uxe lha very latest Scientific Palate Method. DR. A. W. KEENE Dentlat. Aldrrt Motlc Tkrater Rullain;, SSI WaokJaatoa St., Portia ad, Or.
