HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
13
Good Roads Idea
WHILE tbe statement that 16,
000 milea of surfaced roads
were constructed in the United
States during 1913 and 18,000 miles
during 1914, or a total of 34,000
miles in the brief period of two years,
is impressive, it does not convey an
adequate conception of the great
progress that is being made In the
building and management of good
roads. To grasp the significance of
tne movement it Bhould be borno in
mind that in 1904 there were in the
United States only 153,500 miles of
surfaced roads of all types, and this
included many thousand miles of
road which in the year 1914 would
not be regarded as Improved. In
the brief period of ten years 96,000
miles of surfaced roads have been
completed, which would mean an av
erage yearly Increase of 9600 miles.
The year 1914, with Its 18,000
miles, shows a rate of progress nearly
double the average for the ton-year
period.
The total amount of money ex
pended ou road construction during
1914 was $225,000,000. In 1910 tbe
total was slightly in excess of $79,
000,000. Discussing the progress in highway
administration, J. E. Pennypacker,
chief of road economics, United
States office of public roads, said
recently:
"Many recognized authorities have
pointed out what a large percentage
of this is wasted because it is ex
pended under local control. Unques
tionabfy this is true In a very large
measure. That the results under
at a to aid are becoming evident at a
rapidly Increasing rate is proved by
tbe fact that during 1913 and 1914
nearly 10,000 miles of state aided
roads were completed as compared
with 20,000 miles for all the previ
ous years.
State Control lXsonljal.
"It must be admitted that the effi
ciency of state highway departments
Is greatly hampered because their
supervision extends to only a limited
portion of the great system of 2,230,
000 miles of public highway In the
United Stales. Most of this milage
is still under local control, but grad
ually state control is reaching out
Into the local field. Already the
State of New York by its elaborate
system of aid to the various classes
of highways, practically centralizes
supervision in tUo state highway de
partment. The samo holds true of
Pennsylvania. Last year the Iowa
law placed all road work in the state
under the directions of the elate
highway department. The trend is
Inevitably toward the centralizing of
supervision In a state highway de
partment so that the work through
out the state may be corrected and
standardized and so that the effi
ciency of the highway deparment
renlace the inefficiency which
murks local control in many hun-
At-eAa nf counties.
"Admittedly the weakness of state
hiirhway work In Its earlier stages
was the failure to provide efficient
trni nnd adonuate funds for road
maintenance. The result was that
many thousand miles of well con
. structed highway were in serious
dauger of utter disintegration. This
condition is rapidly being met by
reemdlal legislation and large ap-
nmiirtalinns. and the much abused
automobile is proving a saving fac
tor in this crisis. During the first
ten months of the year 1914, l,7a0,
nnn automobiles were registered, and
It Is estimated that the annual reve
nue from this registration will ex
ceed $11,500,000. . Most or tins sum
m tm maintenance of state
highways.
Wliat States Are Doing.
"The year 1914 was marked in
' tho field ot legislative enactment by
the action of Kentucky In joining
the ranks of state-aid states and pro
Minr n Rvstem of state roads. A
levy of one-half mill tax has been
,..i,,-i,,,i which will provide about
1600.000 annually, and this fund will
be available for 1915. Colorado has
also taken steps to provide adequate
state road funds by authorizing at
tho last election, a measure for a
ono-haif mill state tax, which will
provide about $500,000 per annum.
Illinois, which enacted legislation in
1913 for state aid, actually got under
way In 191. and 1,1,8 5'ear awar""
contracts for 100 miles of Improved
roads. The appropriation for 1914
'was $400,000, and for 1915, $700,
000. An equal amount must be
raised by the counties to make these
appropriations available, Bnd in ad
. dition an appropriation of $100,000
per annum was made for engineering
and administrative work.
. Mississippi took an Important step
looking to adequate supervision by
Gaining Favor
providing that all roads built from
county bond issues should be super
vised by skilled highway engineers.
California and Maryland have gone
steadily ahead with the building of
their state systems of highways by
means of bond issues, California
spending about $5,000,000 and
Maryland authorizing an additional
bond issue of $6,000,000 to carry on
the work."
Northwest News
Illgtmay Boost.
Pendleton, Or. A meeting has
been called at Stanfield for the pur
pose of boosting for a hard-surface
highway from Umatilla to Pendle
ton. A very enthusiastic meeting is
expected.
Pumping Plant Arrivesv
Euterprise, Or. The power pump
ing plant which Is to be installed ou
Sam LItch'8 Snake River ranch has
arrived. The pump will be driven by
gasoline power and will water 80
acres of rich bottom land, which will
be almost exclusively used for alfalfa.
Van Winkle Speaks.
Lebanon, Or. J. S. Van Winkle, of
Albany, was tbe principal speaker at
the banquet at tbe Hotel Lebanon
Friday night, at which time plans
were adopted for the co-operation of
a Linn County Co-Operative Fruit
Association.
Lands to lie Opened.
Vale, Or. On April 26 a large
body of land in the Warm Springs
reservoir site will be thrown open
to settlement by the United States!
land office at Vale. This opens up a
splendid farming territory.
School Bonds Carry.
Cathlamet, Wash. The bonds for
the" erection of a new high school
building at Cathlamet carried by a
large majority and a new high school
building will be begun at once.
."ew Flax Factory.
Salem, Or. The last Legislature
appropriated $50,000 for the Instal
lation of a flax factory in the Pen
iteiliiary, which will serve as a great
stimulant to the flax Industry In the
state. Governor withycombe has ap
pointed Eruil Ilansett, a flax expert,
to Install the factory.
Much Wheat Sown.'
Nampa, Idaho. Spring has opened
bore early 'aud the ground is in bet
ter condition than the farmers o this
vicinity have seen It In years. Re
ports show that Spring sowing of
wheat is much larger than usual,
Tho acreage In wheat is about 40
per cent greater than in previous
years; the acreage In oats is about
50 per cent less.
On the new irrigated tracts barley
and rye are the favorite grains.
Ranch Trade.
Joseph, Or. Joe Taylor and Dan
Hunsaker have traded their ranch
on Upper Prairie Creek for the J. N.
Roberts ranch near Elgin. Mr. Rob
erts takes In exchange the Hunsaker
building in Joseph.
Plowing at Condon.
Condon, Or. Heavy rains duiiug
tliis month and February, with fine
growing weather, has caused the
prospects for grain in Gilliam Coun
ty to bo the best for years and the
farmers are jubilant. Every man
who has any land is plowing and a
large acreage of Spring wheat and
bai ley will be sown between now and
April 15. The ground never was in
finer condition and is breaking up
loose like a garden.
Learn Any
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Seattle, Washington
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7th Arcane aad I'aloa Street,
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GOING TO BUILD?
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LUMBER
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1MO Tost St.
Seattle, Wash.
Representatives
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THE MOORE
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34? Morrison St, Portland, Or.
Slightly Used Musical
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A Birjaln Collection el
FLOWER SEEDS
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