HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION 13 Good Roads Idea WHILE tbe statement that 16, 000 milea of surfaced roads were constructed in the United States during 1913 and 18,000 miles during 1914, or a total of 34,000 miles in the brief period of two years, is impressive, it does not convey an adequate conception of the great progress that is being made In the building and management of good roads. To grasp the significance of tne movement it Bhould be borno in mind that in 1904 there were in the United States only 153,500 miles of surfaced roads of all types, and this included many thousand miles of road which in the year 1914 would not be regarded as Improved. In the brief period of ten years 96,000 miles of surfaced roads have been completed, which would mean an av erage yearly Increase of 9600 miles. The year 1914, with Its 18,000 miles, shows a rate of progress nearly double the average for the ton-year period. The total amount of money ex pended ou road construction during 1914 was $225,000,000. In 1910 tbe total was slightly in excess of $79, 000,000. Discussing the progress in highway administration, J. E. Pennypacker, chief of road economics, United States office of public roads, said recently: "Many recognized authorities have pointed out what a large percentage of this is wasted because it is ex pended under local control. Unques tionabfy this is true In a very large measure. That the results under at a to aid are becoming evident at a rapidly Increasing rate is proved by tbe fact that during 1913 and 1914 nearly 10,000 miles of state aided roads were completed as compared with 20,000 miles for all the previ ous years. State Control lXsonljal. "It must be admitted that the effi ciency of state highway departments Is greatly hampered because their supervision extends to only a limited portion of the great system of 2,230, 000 miles of public highway In the United Stales. Most of this milage is still under local control, but grad ually state control is reaching out Into the local field. Already the State of New York by its elaborate system of aid to the various classes of highways, practically centralizes supervision in tUo state highway de partment. The samo holds true of Pennsylvania. Last year the Iowa law placed all road work in the state under the directions of the elate highway department. The trend is Inevitably toward the centralizing of supervision In a state highway de partment so that the work through out the state may be corrected and standardized and so that the effi ciency of the highway deparment renlace the inefficiency which murks local control in many hun- At-eAa nf counties. "Admittedly the weakness of state hiirhway work In Its earlier stages was the failure to provide efficient trni nnd adonuate funds for road maintenance. The result was that many thousand miles of well con . structed highway were in serious dauger of utter disintegration. This condition is rapidly being met by reemdlal legislation and large ap- nmiirtalinns. and the much abused automobile is proving a saving fac tor in this crisis. During the first ten months of the year 1914, l,7a0, nnn automobiles were registered, and It Is estimated that the annual reve nue from this registration will ex ceed $11,500,000. . Most or tins sum m tm maintenance of state highways. Wliat States Are Doing. "The year 1914 was marked in ' tho field ot legislative enactment by the action of Kentucky In joining the ranks of state-aid states and pro Minr n Rvstem of state roads. A levy of one-half mill tax has been ,..i,,-i,,,i which will provide about 1600.000 annually, and this fund will be available for 1915. Colorado has also taken steps to provide adequate state road funds by authorizing at tho last election, a measure for a ono-haif mill state tax, which will provide about $500,000 per annum. Illinois, which enacted legislation in 1913 for state aid, actually got under way In 191. and 1,1,8 5'ear awar"" contracts for 100 miles of Improved roads. The appropriation for 1914 'was $400,000, and for 1915, $700, 000. An equal amount must be raised by the counties to make these appropriations available, Bnd in ad . dition an appropriation of $100,000 per annum was made for engineering and administrative work. . Mississippi took an Important step looking to adequate supervision by Gaining Favor providing that all roads built from county bond issues should be super vised by skilled highway engineers. California and Maryland have gone steadily ahead with the building of their state systems of highways by means of bond issues, California spending about $5,000,000 and Maryland authorizing an additional bond issue of $6,000,000 to carry on the work." Northwest News Illgtmay Boost. Pendleton, Or. A meeting has been called at Stanfield for the pur pose of boosting for a hard-surface highway from Umatilla to Pendle ton. A very enthusiastic meeting is expected. Pumping Plant Arrivesv Euterprise, Or. The power pump ing plant which Is to be installed ou Sam LItch'8 Snake River ranch has arrived. The pump will be driven by gasoline power and will water 80 acres of rich bottom land, which will be almost exclusively used for alfalfa. Van Winkle Speaks. Lebanon, Or. J. S. Van Winkle, of Albany, was tbe principal speaker at the banquet at tbe Hotel Lebanon Friday night, at which time plans were adopted for the co-operation of a Linn County Co-Operative Fruit Association. Lands to lie Opened. Vale, Or. On April 26 a large body of land in the Warm Springs reservoir site will be thrown open to settlement by the United States! land office at Vale. This opens up a splendid farming territory. School Bonds Carry. Cathlamet, Wash. The bonds for the" erection of a new high school building at Cathlamet carried by a large majority and a new high school building will be begun at once. ."ew Flax Factory. Salem, Or. The last Legislature appropriated $50,000 for the Instal lation of a flax factory in the Pen iteiliiary, which will serve as a great stimulant to the flax Industry In the state. Governor withycombe has ap pointed Eruil Ilansett, a flax expert, to Install the factory. Much Wheat Sown.' Nampa, Idaho. Spring has opened bore early 'aud the ground is in bet ter condition than the farmers o this vicinity have seen It In years. Re ports show that Spring sowing of wheat is much larger than usual, Tho acreage In wheat is about 40 per cent greater than in previous years; the acreage In oats is about 50 per cent less. On the new irrigated tracts barley and rye are the favorite grains. Ranch Trade. Joseph, Or. Joe Taylor and Dan Hunsaker have traded their ranch on Upper Prairie Creek for the J. N. Roberts ranch near Elgin. Mr. Rob erts takes In exchange the Hunsaker building in Joseph. Plowing at Condon. Condon, Or. Heavy rains duiiug tliis month and February, with fine growing weather, has caused the prospects for grain in Gilliam Coun ty to bo the best for years and the farmers are jubilant. Every man who has any land is plowing and a large acreage of Spring wheat and bai ley will be sown between now and April 15. The ground never was in finer condition and is breaking up loose like a garden. Learn Any National Bank. 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Sheet Music Buyers Accept This Offer To responsible parties we will send the latest Sheet Music on Trial. Write for complete in formation today. The late song, "My Dreamy Rose," is yours for five 2-cent Btamps. Mack's Music Shop 34? Morrison St, Portland, Or. Slightly Used Musical Instruments at Half Send for Literature Free Full lino of all makes of cornets, trombones, brasses, stringed in struments, pianos and organs In first-class condition at half price. State what instrument you want when writing. McCurdy Music Co. Cammrn-fralib Bids., Fortland, Or. A Birjaln Collection el FLOWER SEEDS FOR IS CENT 10 drain rarMlu, all wr. fmh Mll, tor le raw to blouia thia mien, nntTi 4S Colon; rblfli, 10 CeWii Tar bu, 18 Colon) riaki, 12 Co!, on; rotu&io, loColori; Artorf, 13 Colon; Poppy, I Colon; Slocks lOWnkt, 8 Colon; ! It. Willi ml oM.r w ft ft Q n BQ III T Jf quorlrl.T nucuiM, doTotwl to iptf 1 ! fannlnf, with, iporiol kttantlnn to tiio eon Olid hndllof "( Koltry. Toilr how to mi. 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