Oregon Agricultural College is the Friend of the Farmer
Page of News Kotes ana inieresiing Aruuies wmicn vW6 r
Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Oregon, the Sole Aim of Which la to Aul Agriculturists
PROTEIN FOR PIGS.
WHEN young pigs reach the stage
where their fattening should be
crowded they require for econom
ical gains more protein than is sup
plied by the grains usually fed to
them. There are several available
sources of protein, but feeding ex
periments at the Oregon Agri
cultural College have shown
that tankage at present prices
is the most economical. Tankage
is a byproduct of the meat in
dustry and is likely to become
oven morn plentiful as more con
centrated and economical" methods
of slaughtering are practiced. A
great deal of the material from
which tankage is made is wasted in
farm butchering and in slaughtering
for the village and small town mar
kets and indeed often becomes a
serious menace to health. If this
wasted material were conserved In
tankage it would serve a double
purpose la sanitation and in cheap
ening pork production.
The rate with which tankage 13
to be used with ground grains has
treen found by careful experiment
at the Oregon Station to be about
ten pound of tankage to ninety
pounds of grain. This is to be
mixed with the grain and fed as
liberally as will be eaten without
waste, twice a day.
Bran and alfalfa both have con
siderable protein but In neither isj
the form of it concentrated enough j
to be an economical addition to
gTain rations. -That is, the right
amount of protein is mixed with so
large a quantity of matter of low
Tood value that in order to secure
the right amount too much of the
Brain is displaced. Middlings and
shorts can be depended upon for
considerable protein when the price
is but little more than that of the
cereal.
Cotton seed meal and linseed oil
meal are used to a considerable ex
tent as a source of supplemental
protein. The former is somewhat
cheaper but because of its poison
ous effects in. large quantities, it
should not be fed to pigs for more
than 42 days. The price of the lin
EPod meal is hieh and probably will
never be much lower, since it is so
largely used by English and Scotca
cattle feeders.
Where skimmilk or buttermilk
mav be had these may be used very
largely to supply the deficiency of
protein. Table scraps, where but
few pigs are kept by large families,
are also a valuable source of protein.
weight and has the same value In
under weight. Thus it is seen tnat
really the highest value Is placed
upon the desirable weight.
The value ot otner poinis on una
score card is as follows:
Weight, 20; condition, 20; qual
ity, 10; dressing percentage, 10;
form, 10; face, 3; ears, 1; poll, 1;
neck, 2; jowl, 1; shoulders, 2; bris
ket, 1; legs, 2; chest, 4; back aUd
loin, 4; sides, 3; rump, 1; hams, 3;
hind legs, 2. Total, 100.
"In case cattle prices drop materi
ally there will probably be a cheaper
meat supply in the unquarantined
production districts, while meat
prices will rise in markets normally
supplied by the Chicago packers.
Thus we are apt to see prices fall
for producers and at the 'same time
Vise for a large body of consumers.
AIDS NEIGHBORLY EXCHANGE.
FARM bulletin boards are used by
many farmers in some districts
to post notices on ot things to
coil onil thines wanted. As des
cribed by R. E. Reynolds, field live
stock man of the Agricultural Col
lege, these boards are about tnree
hr, fnnr tept in size, and have the
name of the farm, the name of the
owner and the words "For Sale,
naintpd in Dlain letters near the
top, and "Wanted" across the cen
ter of the space below, une surplus
small items such as poultry, fruit
and garden product, are then writ
ten under the sale notice, ana om?r
small items likely to be had by the
neighbors are written in the game
,onni. under "wanted." All the
laroor items fof sale or wanted are
advertised in the newspapers, where
the notice will reach the centers ot
supply and demand. Only the items
for neighborly exchange are posted
on the bulletin board, wnicn is
placed on the road near the house.
rhi nraetice not only facllitiates
neighborly exchange but it serves to
advertise the farm, encourages me
... r.t farm names and farm station
ary, and conveys useful information
to travelers. Farmers who have triea
the plan are immensely pleased with
it . - .
PIGGISH PIGS PROFITABLE.
GREEDINESS is a distinct asset
VS in pigs, and the heavy eaters are
more nrofitable than the light
eaters. "It is the pig's chief busi
ness to make a hog of himself, says
iho Hwinn specialist at the Oregon
Agricultural College.- "If he eat3
only enough to live, he make no
profit for the owner. Only on what
he eats above his needs as a living
animal is fat put on his body and
money put into his owner's pocket.
The extent to which the pig . will
eat and make good use of his feed is
indicated by constitution. Hence in
hnvine a nic for fattening we should
look well to the points that indicate
good constitution. A short snout in
dicates a eood appetite, and mild
eyes show the good natured inac
tivity that bespeaks a good use or
the feed. The short, broad race
that usually goes with a short
blocky body is usually associated
with easy fattening qualities."
ORGANIC MATTER IN SOILS.
WEIGHT OF HOGS FACTOR.
PROPER weight of hogs is consid
ered the most important factor
in iniitririff its value, based on
, cnnro cards prepared for use of
hn,. school children in judging
hogs The reason for this, says Pro
fessor Samson, the O. A. C. swine
specialist, who made up the value
points, is that the over-weight pig
cuts up to poor advantage and the
under-weight pig is likely to be a
loss to the producer. The best
weight, that brings the highest mar
w rrica npr'nound. is from 175 to
225 pounds, and the nearer the
200-pound mark the Deuer.
Although condition, that is, carry
ing the fat evenly distributed over
the necessary parts of the carcass,
is marked as high as weight on the
score card 20 points but the cut
for variation is double for over
CLOSING CHICAGO YARDS
BLOW TO CATTLE MARKET
IfjifQS cattle market is bound to
I be upset at least temporarily
h th closine down of the
Chicago stock yards," said Prof. E. L.
potter, beef specialist in cnarge oi vue
O. A. C. Animal Husbandry Depart
ment. 'Th offct nf turning away J4.000,-
nnn nwh nf beef cattle during
every week that the plants are shut
down will be far reaching. Much
of the western stuff that has oeen
finding its way to the Chicago yards
will be diverted to other packing
centers, notably Kansas City ana
the unusually heavy
supply' must glut the market. The
inevitable effect or a conuuea quai
antine will greatly disturb the nor
mal channels of trade In cattle and
meat, producing a surplus in gome
a scarcity in others.
."Of course some of the live stock
can be held, but much of it will be
forced by lack of feed and other
noimAfl TO find a market somewhere.
The extent to which this will force
dnwn nrices cannot bo known, since
the Chicago yards have been in con
tinuous operation for almost 50
years and we have no closing pre
sent to base estimates on. Clos
ing for a few days should not ba
serious since about one-half or tlw
$4,000,000 receipts are accepted on
Mondays. But if the prevalence of
the mouth disease forces closing over
a period of several weeks the effects
must be serious.
ORGANIC matter of soils is the de
caying roots and vegetable com
pounds and the really active son
constituent as compared with humus.
Humus, as defined by Professor J.
E. Larson, Extension agronomist at
O. A. C, is the decaying vegetable
matter already incorporated m tna
soil and has become a distinct part
of the soil mass. A supply or or
ganic matter is kept in the soil by
applications of vegetable matter such
k harnvard and Ereen manures.
which keep up the humu content as
well. If soils are cropped long and
onnHnnniinlv to srains in which ths
growth is mostly removed, they be
come sad and lifeless. The particles
run together badly causing greater
effort to work the soil and also less
production. The surface puddles
and bakes and becomes intractible.
It may be made to respond to
proper treatment in the application
of organic matter. At the same time
this matter furnishes an additional
supply of plant food, increases bac
terial activity and releases otherwise
unavailable plant food. It also aids
in proper aeration and .drainage. It
is indeed poor farming practice to
fail to Bupply organic matter to hard
worked soils.
WHY WINTER DAIRYING
IS THE MOST FIWUTi.-'"
tfiWO HAVE cows freshen in the
I fall is of decided advance
t ko rioirvman ." says Froi-s-
t n tnti. Extension dairyman
of the Oregon Agricultural CollM.
'In the first place longer im......
neriods and greater yearly yields no
thus obtained.
"The maximum yield is secured at
il. ti,o when the nrice is the hinb-
Liie viu t. ,
est. The winter price for buttci.it
ia Bometinies 10 cents per puu
more than in summer.
"Labor is employed to good ad
vantage at a time when lime cau
done on the farm. Given good shel
ter and abundance of home grcvn
feed the cost of producing milk m
the winter is but very little above
that of summer. Succulent feed is
essential to the beBt- success and tna
use of the silo is recommended -or
nearly all kinds of green food that
can thus be preserved m iueu
and succulent condition. If tiitre
ia no silo on the farm roots or kale
furnish a good substitute for en
silage." HOG CHOLERA SERUM.
HOG CHOLERA serum is made cn
the principle that the blood re-
rum of artificially uumum
animals can be used as a cure and
a-preventive. The disease ia caused
by the bacterium Dacuius
buIs, and the anti-tcxic serum is pro
pared through the use of this germ.
Owing to the fact that the filterable
invisible virus that causes nog c-nu-lera
cannot be grown in the labrr
atory it becomes necessary to inject
the blood of hogs actually sick with
cholera into the serum animals. Ttie
nwnrinioa and methods of manufac-
ture were determined Dy oiiicluh ui
h. n S Denartment of Agriculture
as explained by Dr. V. W. Knowles,
now representing the department uuu
the Agricultural College in the cam
paign to eradiate hog cholera in Ore
gon. By obtaining a patent on these
methods the government has insured
to all citizens the right to use the
serum without the payment of roy
alties.
""Achange refreshes the man.
Inaction results in atrophy and
weakness.
There is no reward for the idler.
The lazy man is seldom an optimist.
Two governors, those of Oregon
and Massachusetts, have suspended
the hunting saeson this year because
of increased danger of forest fires
when the woods were exceptionally,
i dry.
A MAN TO BE SUCCESSFUL
First Considers Quality, Then
Buys at Lowest Prices.
SEE ME FOR
WATER SYSTEMS
of All Kinds.
LIGHTING PLANTS
Electric and Carbide.
PLUMBING SUPPLIES AT
WHOLESALE.
R. A. TWI8S
Fourth and Jefferson Streets
Portland, Oregon.
fir WmMh A