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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 29, 1914)
13 HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION Bureau of Markets at O.A.C. Using the Babcock Test A bureau o( markota is the latest step toward efficiency in the School of Commerce of the Oregon Agricul tural Collego. The work of this new bureau, which should find a hearty welcome from farmers' organisations in the state, is outlined in the fol lowing article by J. A. Beiell, Dean of the School of Commerce at 0. A. C. Editor. A C Editor. 8 (Special to the Farm Magazine.) A BUREAU of farm market and organization designed to se cure greater efficiency in mar keting farm products and improved social service, has recently been added as a sub-division of rural eco nomics in the farmers' business courses conducted by the school of commerce of the Oregon Agricul tural College. The scope and ac tivities of this newly created bureau J. A. Bexell, Dean of the School of Commerce, O. A. C, Who Con tributes the Accompanying Article. of markets may be gathered from the following statement of Dr. Mac- Pherson, of whose department the bureau will be a part: 1. The bureau is arranging with the farmers' organizations already existing in the state for the fullest co-operation in order to secure great er efficiency in marketing and social service. 2. The1 bureau will co-operate directly with any group of farmers In the state to assist them in form ing such associations as are best adapted to meet the busn5?s needs of their locality. It will- furnish ex pert advice, based on a survey of the neighborhood, as to the kind of association needed. Through its field expert it will enable the farmers to perfect their organization with a minimum of friction and expense. It will assist newly organized societies In establishing efficient accounting systems. Societies furnishing the bureau with monthly statements of their business will be entitled to free audit and expert advice. Co-operation. 3. The bureau will co-operate with the farmers' organizations and associations of consumers in assist ing them to make the most effective use of their marketing possibilities of the parcel post. 4. The bureau will make a col lection of all the laws obtainable relative to marketing co-operations and agriculture In general. Through this information the 'Agricultural College will be in a position as never before to co-operate effectively with the legislative committees of farm ers' organizations in securing the best laws for the state. 5, There will also be collected and filed In the bureau blue prints of typical plants such as creameries, cheese factories, canneries, dryers, flour and feed mills, etc. Along with these will be collected catalogues of business houses dealing in supplies for such plants, with the prices for which such equipment is obtainable. From this information the bureau will be able to supply estimates as to the lowest cost of building and equipping plants for various associations. will co-operate In carrying out a sys tem of surveys of the state, which will supply accurate data regarding commodities produced and the effi ciency of the systems by which such comomdltlea are marketed In every county in the state. Publicity Campaign. 7. Through experiment stations and extension bulletins, press notices and extension lectures, the bureau contemplates a systematic publicity campaign on the whole subject of marketing and rural credits, includ ing the function of organization, standardization of products, packing, shipping, etc. The school of commerce was the pioneer In correspondence instruc tion at the college. For four or five years it has offered three courses in business methods known collect ively as the "Farmers' Business Course," which consists of the fol lowing courses: First, farm account ing; second, rural law, and third, rural economics. These courses are offered to students of Oregon with out tuition. A course of the greatest practical value to farmers is that of co-operative accounting and management, and there are few it any similar courses carried by other schools of commerce in our whole country. It covers the business management of' co-operative societies, including or ganization of employees, structure building, office equipment and ar rangement, correspondence and fil ing, book keeping and cost account ing adapted to different co-operative associations such as creamery and cow testing associations, auditing and financing, advertising and mar keting, depreciation, membership meetings, annual reports and statis tical analysis of operations. Growth of Commercial Courses. Commercial courses in the Ore gon Agricultural College were estab lished 47 years ago. At that time one course was offered in political economy, one in political science and one in accounting. The demand for commercial training has grown steadily since that date, until now it is organized as a separate school, comprising the departments of busi ness administration, political econ omy, political science and stenog raphy and office training. The de gree bachelor of science and com merce has been awarded since 1900 to students who have completed four years of work. One hundred and seventeen students have been gradu ated with this degree. The activities of the school fall under three different divisions the resident instructional work, the cor respondence instructional work and the investigational work in rural economics, of which the markets bureau is a part. A fair idea of the extent of the instructional work may be had from a consideration of the following figures: In 1912 and 1913 there were 1,702 students received instruc tion in the school of commerce, counting a student for each course in which he was registered. Seven hundred and sixty of these were enrolled In other departments and 942 were regular students. As early as October 3 this year 1,044 had registered, which would Indicate that the total class registration would be not less than 2,500. School Recognized. The work of the school of com merce Is now recognized by the high est authorities on commercial edu cation. In a recent report of the Educational Committee of the Amer ican Association of Publlo Account ants on one hundred of the leading commercial schools in - the United States, we are ranked with ten schools giving the most complete courses in commerce. The schools are as follows: 1. Columbia University. 2. New York University. 3. Northwestern University. 4. Oregon Agricultural College 5. Saint Louis University. 6. University of California. 7. University of Denver. 8. University of Illinois. 9. University of Pennsylvania. 10. University of Pittsburg. EFOUE 1890, when the Babcock test was invented, no simple, accurate method was known by which the farmer could measure the richness of the milk or cream which he sold, or the milk or cream which remained. At creameries and cheese factories each patron was paid in proportion to the weight of milk de livered. It was then commonly be lieved that 100 pounds of milk from one cow would make as much butter or cheese as an equal weight of milk from any other cow. Cows were valued according to the num ber of pounds of milk they pro duced. Proving a Cow's Value. The relative value of different cows in a herd Is now determined by weighing and testing the milk of each. Many cows produce a profit of from $25 to $50 or more per year, but in almost every herd test ed some "robber" cows are found whose milk does not pay for the feed consumed by them. By replac ing the poorest cows with better ones, the herd will be improved. Although there is only about one- eighth as much fat in separator skim milk as in milk skimmed from crocks or shallow pans, It should be tested for fat frequently to see if the separator is sklmimng as closely as it should. Ordinarily sep arator skim milk tests about five hundredths (.05) of 1 per cent, but if, by running the separator too slowly or separating the milk when too cold or for other reasons, the skim milk should contain .15 per cent or more fat, the loss may amount to $1 or $2 per cow per year. This amount of money will more than pay for the entire ex pense of installing and operating a Babcock test. Although the fat in the skim milk Is not wasted when fed to pigs or calves, yet It is much more profitable to sell butter fat as cream or butter than it Is to make veal or pork out of it Weeding Out the Bobbers. The dairyman who buys and uses a Babcock tester will soon find that he Is aided in three ways: First, by testing his cows he will be able to weed out the "robbers' and re tain his best producers for breeding and milk and butter fat production. Second, by frequently testing the milk or cream before It is sold he should have a check upon the test made at the factory. Third, by oc casionally testing the skim milk he will be able to see that no butter fat Is being wasted. On many dairy farms the Babcock test Is saving annually many times its cost, and at the same time is en abling farmers to select their best cows and Improve their herds as rapidly as possible. A Babcock tester should be used regularly on every dairy farm and in every rural school In the country. Value of Testing Cows. Cow-testing Is of great import ance. Anyone who Knows now 10 handle the Babcock test can success fully test the cows In the home herd. Thousands of dairy farmers are now among educators, bnt there Is an in creasing demand for our graduates in positions of responsibility. One of our last year's graduates was recent ly appointed business agent on one of the state farms of Kansas at a salary of $1,600 and perquisites. KING OF THE WOODS DRAG SAW With or Without Buzz Saw Attachment Will saw 20 to 40 cords oi wood per day at a cost of f gjiln sVt-l n a LLS ITSELF up the steepest HILL and I hest ground. Costs lew than other makes, I 1 I I rites he sawed 56 ricks in 10 hours. Ifj VJ ed 40 cords in 9 hours. There. - Q V $1.00. PULLS over the roughest One man write Another sawed 1 more you ought to know. Write (or FREE cat alog containing full description with testimonials from enthusiastic users. WK1 1 1. I tJLAT. teatine their own cows, or hava Joined cow-testing associations In ot der to have the work done ror mem, at a cost of about $1 a year, for each cow in the herd. Very few dairymen who have had their cowl tested for a year or mora are will ing to discontinue the wort 1 or oy this testing the owner knows th weight of the milk and of butter fat produced by each cow. This en ables him at the end of the season to pick out his most profitable cows, whose calves should be kept to Im prove the herd, and also to know which are the poorest cows In tha herd which Bhould be replaced, be cause in very many cases they do not pay for their feed. Weighing the Milk. For cow-testing it is necessary to weigh and test the night's and morning's milk of each cow once in each month. This is the plan fol lowed by most cow-testing associa tions, and It Is also suitaDie ior farmers who do their own testing. In addition to the Babcock test out fit, a milk scale is needed. After buying the milk scale and using It a few times, many find it so little work that they prefer to weigh the milk every day, although the test ing is done only one day in eacn month. The daily weighing or mil enables the owner (1) to feed each cow In the most economical way ac cording to her flow of milk and to observe how the flow of each cow is affected by changes of feed or other conditions; (2) to quickly de tect any sudden decrease in milk flow, which may indicate Illness, and to give prompt treatment to such cases; (3) by comparison of one day's milk flow with another, the owner can be sure that the milk used once a month for fat testing is normal in quality (4) daily weigh ing of the milk shows which milker is doing the best work. If the milk is weighed dally the total weight of each cow's milk at the end of the month is obtained by adding up the dally weights. If the milk is weighed only on one day in the month this weight is multi plied by 30 or the actual number of days in the month to got the total weight for the month. To get the weight of butter fat produced each month, the weight of the month's milk is multiplied by the per cent of butter fat which it contains, found by campling and testing each cow's milk for fat. J. Samlus In the California Farmer. from a tank that Is bound to get foul, when it costs but 5c a thousand rations (or pure witer"direct from well" with the PFAU Pneumatic Water System I The Pfso pump goes direct Into wen and supplies constant never-failing frame. Jul like drawing witei tan a bobbllni iprint. Poibard andaott watcf. Mo battel lam fire protection knows UltUI) tnmuti. Free Catalog Toon tor the aiklof. Will nn call for h, -a shall we null U to roof Letoakoovaew THOS. J. BOSS 80 E. Morrison Street Portland, Oregon. m ri T." ' -ST X r 6, All departments of the college Not only Is our work recognized