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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 15, 1914)
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION Oregon Agricultural College is the Friend of the Farmer Page of News Notes and Interesting Articles Specially Written by College Experts For This Newspaper. Oregon Agricultural College, Corvalhs, Oregon, the Sole Aim of Waich Is to Aid Agriculturists. CKOPS FOB CANNING. FIRST must be considered what var ieties shall bo grown for the can nery, asserts the 0. A. C. in an article on the establishment of a can nery. These will naturally depend, primarily, upon the conditions of cli mate, soil, markets, and the like. Growers should be advised to plant only snch varieties as can be handled by the association commercially. For in itanee, the Magoon strawberry is an ex cellent fruit for home use and for a lo eal market but is too soft to be shipped to any distance and ia of very little value as a canning berry, owing to the fact that it becomes so mushy in the ean. It will not be possible to put up a uniform pack of beans if each farmer brings in any variety ho chooses to grow. The best way to secure quality and uniformity in the pack is for the association either to buy seeds and plants for the grower or specify what varieties shall be bought. It is usually better for tho association to do the pur chasing, because it can get better prices by buying in large lots. The kind and the varieties-nf fruits and vegetables should be determined npon before the machinery for canning is installed, because it would do no good to install expensive bean cutting or cherry pitting machinery, unless beans and cherries could be grown to advan tage in that community, and it would entail a large unnecessary expense. An other point to be considered is tho facte that to operate a cannery most success fully, means running it from early in the season to as late as possible. Thus the overhead charges of interest on in vestment, cost of upkeep of the plant, taxes, insurance, and the like are min imized. In that way, also, it is possible to givo employment to the manager, the processor, the bookkeeper, and other laborers for the longest possible time. To accomplish this end we must have such crops as rhubarb and asparagus, coming on very early in the season, fol lowed by mid summer crops and later by crops like apples, cabbage and pump kins. This wide distribution of varieties ac complishes another very important pur pose. Wholesalers and jobbers do not like to buy simply one variety from a cannery, such as beans or peas or pears; they usually wish to buy quite a number of beans, perhaps, but plan to "sweeten op" this pack, as they say, with some cherries or raspberries or sweet corn. If the cannery is canning simply a few varieties of fruit and vegetables, it is in this way narrowing its market, and also, as a rule, selling for lower prices. THE CANNEBY. " IT IS SELDOM that a cannery is estab lished on a co-operative basis until an association of growers has ex isted for a year or more, says the 0. A. C. Of course there is nothing to prevent the starting of a cannery at any time tho needs of the growers demand it, but it is better, usually, to form the associa tion first, allow the members to become acquainted with each other, get an ac tuate knowledge of the crops that can be grown well in their district and of the quanities of produce available for tho association and the cannery, It ia very poor bnsiness policy, indeed, for any community to start in the can ning business unless it has first consid ered all tho important points bearing upon the business. To secure these points it may be advisable for gome member or members delegated from tho association of growors to investigate tarefully the conditions existing in other eominunities, to draw all tho lessons they can from the mistakes made in ether places, and to bring back infor mation which may be utilized in the or ganization of tho new cannery. Briefly, the general subjects which must have very careful consideration before a cannery is built are the follow ing: Methods of organization; the amount of capital stock; the amount of monoy needed for starting the enter prise; location of the plant; good water supply; railroad facilities; a supply of fairly cheap labor; the probability of engaging a good manager and a good processor; and last, but not least, what the possibilities are in the neighborhood for growing large crops of produce suit able for canning and demanded by the market. If these questions ean be an swered in a manner satisfactory to all concerned in a given community, the cannery, with proper management and with loyal backing from its supporters, ought to be a success in that commun-ity. OEEGON BOYS MAY WIN APPOINT MENT AS CADETS. OREGON boys that are desirous of pursuing a military or naval career through a cadetship at An napolis or West Point now havo an op portunity to compete in a preliminary examination for recommedation to try the entrance examination to either place. Senator Harry Lane has advised Presi dent W. J. Kerr of the Agricultural Col lege, that it is his wish that a competi tive examination be held at the College early in October to determine the most promising candidate, for that honor. In accordance with this desire, Dr. Kerr has announced that this preliminary examination for recommendation of young men to take the Naval Aca demy examination will bo held at the Agricultural College Friday and Sat urday, October 2 and 3. That for the Army, Friday and Saturday, October 9 and 10. It is Senator Lane's wish that the examinations cover practically the scope of the entrance examinations, and copies of the latest rules and in structions for each of tho examina tions have been forwarded as guides to tho examination committee. This committee consists of N. Tarter, J. B. Blorner, and L. B. Baldwin, who havo been appointed by Dr. Kerr to arrange and conduct tho examina tions. Some of the aplieants for Senator Lano's vacancy last year will be among the number taking the prelim inaries this year. The Benator would like to secure the names and ad dresses of other young men that aro desirous of taking the preliminary ex amination, promising that he will give each of them an opportunity to try for one of the positions, and for one of them only. (General announcement of this no tice through the papers of Oregon would bo an act of kindness to boys that may wish to try for one of tho positions. Editor Tress Bulletins.) REGISTRATION AT 0. A. C. BREAKS FOBMR BECORD. TWELVE hundred and seventy-five students registered at the Agricul tural College before the end of the second day. This is 64 more than were on the rolls at a like period last year, and an increase over any previous en rollment of 6.36 per cent. An interest ing feature of registration is the large number of graduates of this and other institutions of higher learning who have como to study for tho master's degree. But the feature of greatest inter est to Oregon citizens is the number and quality of vocational students. There are 123 boys and girls, and men and women, registered for voca tional work. Most of this number would find the regular eight years of higher education beyond their reach, but are here able to get in one, two or three years, tho essential training requisite to high success in their chosen careers. One of the students in dairying is 40 years of age, and several others in different courses have passed 30. In view of the fact that secondary work has been eliminated at the Col lege, standards for admission to the freshman class raised one year, and business generally depressed by Euro pean war, tho increased registration was something of a surprise to the College authorities. New buildings and equipment, and an increased instruc tional force, make it possible to handle the increase in a satisfactory manner. SCHEDULE OF EXERCISES AT BOYS' CAMP AND SCHOOL. BOYS who were skilled enough to have won appointment to the Boys' Statu Fair Camp and School had the following interesting schedule to gtfTde their daily activities: First Call, 6:25 a. m. Reveille, 6:25 a. ra. Assembly, 6:30 a. m. Mess Call, 7:00 a. m. Fatigue Duty, 7:30 a. m. Call for Drill,. 7:30 a. m. Sqnad and Company Drill, 8:00 a. m. Bccall, 8:00 a. m. Animal Husbandry (Stock judging etc), 9:00 a. m. Mess Call, 12:00. Agriculture, 1:30 p. m. Call for Drill, 5:20 p. m. Assembly (Company Drill), 8:30 p. m. Retreat Call, 6:00 p. m. MesB Call, 6:15 p. m. Recreation (lectures, etc), 7:30 p. m. Tattoo, (Everybody in tents), 9:30 p. m. Call to Quarters, 9:45 p. .m Taps (Lights out), 10:00 p. m. The school was carried on co operatively by the College Extension Division and the office of superinten dent of Public Instruction. H. C. Sey mour was appointed principal of the school, having entire autnority over the boys while they were guests of the state board of fair directors. Daily lessons in the elements of agriculture were given by instructors of the Agricultural College. BUBN NO MORE STRAW. WHEN farmers apply the torch to their straw stacks they are send ing up in smoke plant food to the valuo of three dollars for each ton burned, according to O. A. C. agronom ists. They are also robbing tho soils of organic matter that would tend to mako thorn light, porous and easily worked, and greatly increase their water holding capacity. These val ues to sad and heavy soils are often as great as the plant food values, thus making the entire worth of the straw about $6 per ton. Let fann ers compare this value with the cost of hauling the straw and applying it to the land, and they will burn no more straw. For cultivated crops the straw covered area should be disked and plowed under, but that is a charge on the cultivation fund rath er than on the fertilization fund, On meadows and pasture lands tho straw may be applied as a light top dress ing in tho fall. Sinco much of the material in the 'straw came from the lands, it must be returned in some form to that land, or the land will be come unablo to produce profitable crops. VEGETABLE GARDEN EXHIBIT AN EDUCATIONAL exhibit of tile work in vegetable gardening at O. A. C. is being prepared for the Vegetable Gardeners' Association of America, which holds its seventh an nual convention at Philadelphia, Octo ber 6 to 9. "Every Agricultural Col lege in tho United States has been asked to send an exhibit to this conven tion," said Professor A. U. Bouguet, who is preparing the Oregon display. "Our exhibit will include both instruc tional and experiment station features. Methods of instruction, character and extent of Extension work, and experi ment station research work will be shown in eharts, photographs, and ta bles. The exhibit will lie seen by most of the leading gardeners of America and should prove of great interest and profit." The association has a viee president for each state, this position having been filled by Professor Bouquet since organization was effected. This will be the first exhibit made nt tho convention by the Agricultural Colleges. Marion and Helen Turner of Fort Klamath, entered the gardening eon test with small gardens 20 x 10 feet Marion made a net profit of $3.70, whilo Helen grew radishes, spinach, beets, and rutabagas, not all of which have yet been harvested. A. H. BURTON Progressiva; Homines Education I graduated from Southern Illinoii State Normal, 1901; University of Illinois, 1907; University o f Oregon Law Jiehool, 1912. Experience Taught 6 years In country schools, 6 years ai principal and a a superintend ent, 7 yean tn large high school j ; now teaching in State Superintendent waih. inth of Schools Principle! I favor longer terms for coun try schools, consolidation wbero practical, better teachers, teachers promoted for merit only, practical courses, Suto'i money mora economically expended. Safety and Comfort Aceteylene and Electric LIGHTING FOR COUNTRY HOMES PRESSURE AND GRAVITY WATER SYSTEMS Windmills and Gasoline Engines Plumbing SUPPLIES I SELL TO ALL AT WHOLESALE Send for Circulars. R. A. TWISS Fourth and Jefferson Streets PORTLAND, OBEGOii,
