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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 27, 1914)
HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION 13 Demands Net Weight of Apples Count of Apples in Box Not Sufficient, Is Ruling. Fruit Men Fear It Will Work Hardship. THE Department of Agriculture hands down an opinion that the numerical count of apples or pears in boxes is insufficient to insure knowl edge of the contents. Under the Federal Food and Drugs Acts as amended March 3, 1913, and with regulations of .Food Inspector De cision 1.54, the contents of a fruit box must be given in quantity on oufBide of box. In section h, paragraph 3, un der "Food" as amended bv act of March 3, 1913, clause A reads, "Ex cept us otherwise provided by the regu lation, the quantity of contents in all 'cases of food, if terms of weight, meas ure of numerical count, on the outside of the covering of container usually de livered to consumer." And in (B) "The quantity of the contents so marked shall be the amount of food in the package. " And in (C) "The quan tity of contents shall be so stated in terms of weight or measure unless the packape bo marked with numerical count giving accurate information as to the quantity of the food in tho pack age." Clause (H) states that the quan tity must be given in a minimum of weight, measure or count, for example, "minimum weight C0 oz." "The statement must approximate the actual quantity and there shnll be no toler ance below the stated minimum." When the provision was rendered it was believed by the grower and exjiert shippers and by the dealers themselves the counting numerically would be suf ficient to achieve the protection at which this bill was aimed, and at the " name time not place a serious obstacle jn the way of grower and shipper. Out of a Clear Sky. Out of a clear sky comes the an nouncement from one of the acting recrctaries of the Department of Agri rulture, as evidence if the interpreta tion of that department of the provi sion in respect to fruit, that "A state ment of the number of rpples or pears contained in a box is not a satisfac tory compliance of tho Federal Food and Drugs Act as amended by the act of March 3. 1913, or with the regu lation 29 as amended by Food Inspec tor Decisions 154, inasmuch as it does not give accurate information as to the quantity of food in the package. That there is nothing in such a statement to indicate whether the apples are small or large, and nothing that indicates tho capacity of the box. A. P. Eateham, vice president of the Northwestern Fruit Exchange, and a SOY BEANS are well adnpted to the soil and climate conditions of a large section of the United States, the crop being an important one in aiany parts of the country. Well-cured soy bean hay is equal to alfalfa hay in palatability and feeding value. For a brief period soy beans Hiako an excellent pasture, especially desirable for hogs. Soy beans may be used satisfaetorialy for soiling and en silage. The seeds of soy beans contain ns much protein as linseed meal, and al most as much as cottonseed meal. Feed iiiig trials indicate that soy bean grain in a largo measure may take tho place of concentrated feeds for all classes of Stock. Soy beans yield from 20 to 30 bush els of seed per acre, and from 2 to 4 tons of hay. The growing of soy beans improves the soil by increasing its store of ni trogen and by correcting its physical condition. Where red clover fails, or is not aflaptod, soy beans may be substi tuted. The crimson clover crop may be followed the same season by soy beans, thus producing two forago crops in one year on the same land. On account of their rapid growth, soy beans are admirably adapted for a catch crop after wheat, early potatoes or other early maturing crops. Soy beans have a wider use than cow peas, are a richer feci, aro more easily cured for hay or harvested for seed. Soy beam have yielded decidedly mora seed than cow peas. Soy bean varieties range in ma turity from 70 to 140 days. Soy Beans practical fruit man in every respect, has already started the ball rolling to find the exact status of the situation, and if possible a remedy for the hard ship, which he says will undoubtedly; be worked by a measure so radical. "The fruit growing interests of tho, country arc wholly unprepared to com ply with such conditions," said Mr.. Butehain. "The requirement, an nounced as it now is, just as the crop is ready to move, will cause a tremen-' dous hardship on fruit growers and in evitably result in wide confusion." To Try to Change. Mr. Eirteman proposes to reach the secretary of the Department of Agri culture and endeavor to induco him to act in accordance with the reasonable expectations of the fruit interests. A great many fruit men passed opinion on this measure and assumed that its intentions were perfectly plain, consid ering it settled that the numerical count would be sufficient. The same view was entertained by all the inter ests working for the standard apple box bill, also, or undoubtedly they would have taken it into consideration. Mr. liatehara is of the opinion that a relief 'would be experienced if the position were modified to the extent of allowing the numerical count in apple boxes not smaller than the standard Kaker, or 1(H:1Hx18 inches inside measurements, liut as it seems to stand at this time, something must start or something else will stop. "The atti tude, as taken by the Government on this subject, is wholly unwarranted," said Mr. Eateham. "In all my experi once as grower and shipper I have never heard a buyer complain of being dieeived as to quantity." Supplementing the above the- Kx change has received advice from a Koguo Itiver affiliation that if abso lutely necessary they would mark boxes "42 lbs." However, Conrad Rose of Wenutehoe contends that 40 lbs. is more in line and that: "Buyers and deal ers understand that this marking will be done to comply with the law, and all fruit is bought and sold by them on its merits, and they know, perhaps better than anyone else, just what the package contains." The Northwestern Fruit Exchange have agreed with Mr. Hose on the adop tion of the-40 lb. standard and have notified all their affiliated exehangcB to use same if no relief is f'orthcom ing. Comparatively few varieties of soy beans arc now on the market. Of those for both hay and seed production, the Wilson and I'eking aro recommended for tho full season; for a shorter season, the Jto San and Ebony are well suited. For green manuring or sowing in corn at tho last cultivation, the Mammoth Yel low is valuable. Soil for soy beans should receive ns thorough preparation ns land for corn. Soy beans do well on a sod. A mixture of 400 pounds of acid phosphate and 100 pounds of muriate of potash applied at the rate of 250 to 100 pounds per acre is recommended. Childrens' Savings NY CHILD can havo a thousand dollars saved up by tho day he is twenty-one if his parents or others will loan him a pieco of land fifty feet square nnd if his school and community can furnish him the right kind of in struction, guidance and encouragement in making the most of the land. This is tho 'declaration of Dr. Hodge, professor of Social Biology in the Uni versity of Oregon, who was one of the first men in the United States to work out the school garden system. This he did in Worcester, Mass., where he was the head of a department in Clark University. All this nature work Dr. ITodge be lieves should form a portion of the child 's education anyway, and the profit of $50 or so a year to bo put out at in terest, would be pure gain. "I have ft little girl in Cleveland," says Dr. Hodge, "who made $250.83 out of a back yard garden patch last year. I am not at all certain that this ia not the record of production for land. Her plot was only 50 by 52 feet. Of course, she bad the best land, the best of direction, and the best markets. 'Oh, I enjoy it so much,' she told me when I protested that she might be working too hard with all her school work besides. 'I don't make hard work out of either my school work or my garden.' "General profits from a garden, of course, can not run anything like this, though sometimes wonderful profits can be made by the discovery of some little special crop to meet a special demand in a location of normal scarcity. A boy or girl might, for instance, pretty near ly control a supply of some such thing as mint, or water cress, in a district where thev were not common. Seeds nnd high bred poultry are other possi bilities for a small plot of land. "This little girl in Cleveland was able to get quality prices. She showed me one strawberry 5 J inches in circum ference, weighing three ounces, almost big enough to slice up like a tomato. I am not sure that children arc par ticularly adapted to quality produc tion, but I think that the best educa tional results are obtained by making the effort in that direction." Movies for Farmer OVING riCTl'KKS btc being used to instruct farmers throughout the United States in progressive methods of agriculture. They arc being presented together with explanatory lectures, by officials of the Department of Agriculture. At the same time pri vate lecturers in the employ of motion- picture companies, but working with the approval and co-operation of the de purtment, are talking to farmers north, south, cast and west, and with the aid of pictures are also showing them just how to obtain the best results. It is be lieved that this new metnod of demon stration will be vastly more effective than the old plan of distributing print ed bulletins conveying the same infor mation. The importance to the country at large of this new work of the Depart ment of Agriculture must appeal to the imagination of everyone. The scope of what the department may be able to accomplish in the wav of providing sub jects for the moving picture plan of education is almost unlimited. Not only does the department itself demonstrate by direct appeal to the eye what im provements are possible to agricultur ists and stockmen, but it broadens its field by aiding private moving-picture concern to present its filitrs for the benefit of the public in cities and towns, as well as in rural districts. Edu cational institutions such as agricul tural colleges, universities and pub lic schools are to be provided with films. At present the Bureau of Animal In dustry of the Department of Agricul ture is using six moving-picture films in conenetion with the lectures of its demonstrators and field workers, who travel from place to place instructing producers in the best and most pro gressive methods of raising stock and preventing cattle disease. Proper methods of dairying and tho shipping of milk and other cattle products are also bechided in this educational move ment. HINTS ON BUTTER MAKING. BEST BRAND of butter can be made on the fr.rm, where the control of all conditions is under one man, and he can understand butter making. The poorest butter can be made from good cream if the butter maker does not understand the underlying princi ples of the art. The causes of foaming aro: Sweet cream, churn too full and insufficient agitation. - Hard churning may be causod by foaming, thin creai.i, or cream too cold, cream from cows far advanced in lac tation, and when cows are fed only dry feeds. Cream should always be strained into the churn so there will not be white curd particles in the butter. Stop chur:.ing when the granules arc about tho size of wheat. Wash out the buttermilk instead of trying to work it out. Mottles are caused by an uneven dis tribution of salt or the presence of curd. They can bo prevented by wash ing out the buttermilk thoroughly and working the salt in better. Added butter eolor does not have any effect upon the mottles. Work the butter only enough to dis tribute the salt evenly. Do not touch tho butter with th hands. Use wooden paddles. Keep churn and butter utensils per fectly clean, using hot water with some good washing powder. POTATOES IN POTS. To secure an early supply of new po tatoes next season plant the tubers of any good early variety in pots and start them in the house. Four or five inch pots can be used, filled only about two-thirds full of soil, leaving room for a top dressing of soil to be supplied as the plants grow, after the manner of hilling up potatoes when grown in the garden. Ono potato is sufficient for each pot Time the planting so the plants will be well started in the pots when they are to be transplanted in the garden at the time the tubers are usually planted outdoors. If there is a well ventilated, eool light place, such as a cold frame or cool greenhouse, in which to grow them potatoes can be raised in pots and fuU sized tubers developed very much ear lier than the first crop from the gar den. Ten inch pots will be sufficiently large. Hub off all the eyes except tnq strongest for pot culture. Bight. Mrs. Mason's colored washerwoman, Martha, was complaining of her hus band's health. "Why, is he sick, Marthat" asked Mrs. Mason. "He's vc'y po'ly, ma'am, ve'y po'ly," answered the woman. "He's got tho exclamatory rheumatism." "You mean inflammatory, Martha, M said the patron. " Exclamatory means' to cry out." "Yes, ma'am," replied Martha, with' conviction; "dat's what it is. H hollers all tho time." WOOD TANKS For Water, Oil, W?ine, Mining ' and Cyanide. Wood Pip for IrrifitioB, City Systems, MiniBf Power PluU WE DO NOT SELL LTJMBEB but devote our time and energy to producing the best tanks and wood pipo lines, and when you purchase material bearing our trade name "PACIFIC" you are getting an article that will give you complete satisfaction. Send your inquiries to Pacific Tank&Pipe Co. Box 144 Kenton Station, Fort land, Ore. Manufacturers WOOD TANKS AND PIPE Lewis Audible Speed Indicator A speed indicator that attaches to any make of cream separator. Rings t bell until the right speed is reached, then audibly clicks and at overspeej is silent. By mail, postpaid, $3.25. De scriptive circular on request. COLUMBIA DAIRY SUPPLY COMPANY PORTLAND, OAIUOH
