A
6
ITOMTC AKD "FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
Orchard and Garden
Raising Black Caps
SOIL for the berries should be fair
ly fertileree from Bod or roots,
such as quack or blue-root grass
and all foul weeds. Plow rather deep,
and harrow until the earth is perfectly
fine and pliable. Too much manure has
been known to bring on "the yellows,"
a disease fatal to berry plants. And let
it be said right here, if any yellow
plants are ever discovered thoy should
be pulled up at once and promptly
burned.
Mark the ground with a corn marker
three feet each way. Set every row
one way, and every other one the other
way making the rows three feet by six
feet '
Plants should be set as soon in the
spring as they are large enoughsay
from four to six inches High. Put them
in deep; six inches is a good depth.
They must have a good, firm rooting to
help the heavy plants withstand the
hard winds the following years.
Cultivate and hoe often enough to
keep the field free from weeds. The
more often the soil is stirred the
greater will be the yield. In a dry sea
ton frequent cultivation draws the
moisture to the surface and helps to
tide the plants over until the Tain
eomes. Sod will soon "run out" berry
brashes. Keep the land level and clean.
If no young plants aro wanted for
the next year this ' finishes the first
season. If, however, new sets are de
sired, either for home use or for sale,
this is the way to get them. By the
way, plants in the spring sell all the
way from $3 to $10 a thousand, ac
cording to supply and demand. ,
Early in Septembeabury the ends in
the ground about two inches. A trowel
makes a good tool for this purpose.
In the spring sever the young set,
where it is four or six inches high, from
the mother plant. Trim all the other
ends on the old plant as far back as
they are dead.
Cultivate frequently as long as it can
be done without injuring the ripening
fruit, perhaps until two or three weeks
before picking time.
During the time that the crop is be
bing gathered the canes for next year 's
harvest will be getting tall. The patch
will need to be gone over several times
during July and August and the ends
of the canes snipped off to about three
feet high, in order that new shoots may
come out to make larger, healthier
bushes.
After the crop is harvested, take out
the old bushes with a long-handled,
ihort-bladed knife, made for the pur
pose, being earefui not to harm the
young canes. However, if there are too
many young canes in a hill, reduce the
number to four or five. If well cared
for a patch will last six yean.
that there is no waste of the products
removed from the trees.
There is no set rule by which one can
gauge the eulling-out, but it is difficult
to overdo the matter, since the fruit
will grow so much before harvest time.
Usually it is safe to pull every piece
of fruit that shows the Jeast signs of
worms or the blight of decay, since such
fruit either will drop off the tree be
fore picking time or prove worthless for
storage or marketing purposes.
If Buch products as those mentioned
above are left on the tree, they are apt
to cause all the fruit to be contami
nated by decay or become infested with
worms and thus ruined. By getting all
these undesirable pieces of fruit out
of the way that which is of good qual
ity will have a better chance for proper
development, while it is a loss of the
tree's vitality to sustain and develop
a greater quantity of fruit than it can
properly nourish, or to promote the
growth of worthless or inferior pro
ducts. It should be mentioned that the
fruit produced where thinning has been
thorough and earefui is not only of
superior quality for Btorage and home
consumption, but it will command a
premium price on any market. These
two points, together with the promotion
of a longer and more useful life among
the fruit trees, should commend the
thinning o' fruit to all farmers.
Flowers on the Farm
WHEN the farmer, with up-to-date
methods for land cultivation, ap
plies them in beautifying the farm
home or yard, he will have done much
toward solving the problom of keeping
the boys and girls in the country.
There is one way to beautify his
grounds that is within the reach of
every farmer. That is the planting of
flowers.
It is better to use good taste in se
lecting a few standard varieties than to
experiment with the rarer but less
hardy plants. For the May flower bed
or border, tho colens is indispensable.
It has no flower, its chief claim to
beauty lying in the dark reddish, or
vari-colored leaves. The Bo-called
"Joseph's Coat" is another good
foliage to use in massed beds. Among
hardy bloomers is the eanna, with
broad, graceful leaf and crimson blos
som. The canna bulb may be set out
as soon as the frost has left the ground.
In combination with violets, the vel
vety pansy presents a scheme of deep
rich color. When the violets cease
blooming the foliage salvias can be
used as a "fill-in."
If the old-fashioned garden, with its
indiscriminate flower massing, in pre
ferred, a host of flowers, dear to our
grandmothers, presents itself. Holly
hocks, cosmos, larkspur, poppies, peren
nial phlox, sweet Williams and pinks
breathe the very essence of old-fashion-edness.
In order to have success with any
flower two things are necessary, cul
tivation and a sufficient suply of ma
nure. In extreme hot weather a straw
mulch about the roots serves as a good
retainer of moisture. There will be very
little trouble caused by insects on out
door plants. In ease there is, a pre
pared tobacco extract serves as a good
remedy. Different flowers call for soils
of varying richness, but with judicious
fertilization, a comparatively rich soil
may be obtained. The best fertilizer,
well-rotted manure, should be worked
into the- ground every year after the
flowers have ceased blooming.
iRACTICE clean cultivation in th
orchard from the beginning if pos
sible. It means better care in M
many other ways. It means better ac
quaintance with every tree in the orch
ard, and consequently better attention to
its needs. In particular, it means lew
hnrers and in localities where they ara
troublesome this is a very important
point
If Rhunlntelv impossible to cultivate,
on account of the steepness of the land,
then practice the so-called so-cuuure
method: that is. mow the crass ml
weeds which grow on the land, and leava
them for a mulch about the trees.
Dormant Sprays
PBOFESSOB C. H GILLETTE of Ft.
Collins, Colorado, in speaking of
dormant sprays for orchard trees,
says it is difficult to recommend-the
best sprays without knowing the par
ticular insects or diseases that are to
be treated. However, strange it may
seem, it is a fact nevertheless that many
fruitgrowers spray without spraying
for some particular reason, but simply
because their neighbor is spraying with
something for something for which the
grower may have or may not have. The
fruit-grower should never spray with
out spraying for Borne particular pur
pose, some pest or some disease, and he
should know the remedy he applies is
the best that can be used for the pur
pose. Professor Gillette reeommends
lime and Bulphur as a dormant spray
especially good for the destruction of
brown mites, red spiders, San Jose scale
and other scale. Professor Gillette also
states that lime and sulphur la not of
much value in controlling plant lice and
of no service in controlling codling
moth. While all fruit-growers probably
know that lime and sulphur is of no
valui in controlling codling moth, there
are some who are inclined to believe it
will kill plant lice.- Professor Gillette
has carrier on a very extensive work
in reference to eontroling of plant lice,
therefore his opinion Bhould be of grca
value.
CLEAN CULTIVATION.
Proof of Excellence
will be given anyone who tries a
ean of Crescent Baking Powder.
It raises the dough and does it
perfectly.
If You Eat
eaka or biscuits, read Bulletin
No. 103, U. 8. Dept. of Agri
culture. Learn
the truth about
aluminum com
pounds in bak
ing powder.
Ask us for
copy.
CRESCENT
MFG.
COMPANY
BeatUe.Wash.
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A speed indicatof
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postpaid, $3.25. De
scriptive circulat
On request
COLUMBIA DAIRY SUPPLY COMPANY
PONT CARD. OMOON
Quantity and Quality
MILE to many it will seem a waste
to pick a part of, the fruit from
the trees and discard it, yet, with
few exceptions, that is what should be
lone. Of eourse, where the tree Is bear
ing only a light crop, little or no thin
ning of the fruit iB neeesf-ry, but most
trees bear too much rather than too
little fruit, to fcrm a crop of the proper
quantity and quality. The idea in thin-
sing is that it is better to have a
tree bear two large, healthy, well
Savored pieces of fruit than three
knotty, diseased, ill-flavored ones. When
thinning out the fruit we utilize the
uIU for feeding hogs and poultry, so
To skim closer (warm or cold milk) than any
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1
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ft dairy farmer
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Portland.Or.
Spokane, Wash.
Boise, Ida.