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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (July 30, 1914)
I TTOME AND FARM MAGAZTNF SECTION Easier to Ship Live Stock Now New Quarantine Begulations Facilitate Interstate Transporta tion of Cattle and Hogs. nKW regulations governing the in terstate movement of live stock tecame effective July 1, 1914. Tkese changes are designed by the De partment of Agriculture to facilitate tia movement of live stock from quar antined areas or from public stockyards. The new regulations, which are known as B. A. L (Bureau of Animal Indus try) Order 210, superseding B. A. I. Or der 143, deal with the shipment of cattle from tiek-infested areas, with the movement of swine from public stock yards and with the dipping of cattle aad sheep for scabies. Hereafter cattle that have been dipped once under state or federal supervision may be dipped from an area quarantined for ticks to a market center where there are proper dipping facilities and the Department of Agri enltare maintains an inspector. After a eeond dipping there under his super vision the cattle may be sold for any purpose. Hitherto it has been neces sary in times of drought for cattle own am in quarantined areas to slaughter their stock or sell it for slaughter for whatever it would bring. The result ing loss will, it is hoped, be done away with under the new regulation. The provision permitting, under cer tain strict conditions, the transporta tion of hogs from public stockyards into interstate commerce has been made pos sible by the discovery by government seiontists of a scrum which renders swine immune to hog cholera. Hitherto all stockyards have been considered as infected with this disease. Now, how ever, it is considered safe to permit the shipment of hogs which have been treated with the serum and which show no Bymptoms of suffering from any form of disease. As a result of tliw it is expected that thousands of light weignt nogs will be sent from tho stock yards to tho eountry for feeding and fattening and that the country's total production of pork will be greatly in creased thereby. The new regulations also withdraw all permission or tho use of nieotine solutions, eoal-tar creosote and crescl preparations ia the official dipping cf cattle and sheep for scabies. Thi step has been made necessary by the diffi culty experienced in keening baths of this nature at a strength sufficient to eliminate all danger of disease without having them so strong as to be injuri ous to the animals themselves. The de partment, therefore, decided to insist upon a field test of the strength of all solutions used for dipping. A practical field test for this purpose ia available in tho ease of the sulphid sulphnr used m lime in sulphur baths for scabies, and for arsenious oxide in arsenical dips for cattle tick. Official dipping, therefore, will hereafter bo eonfined to the lime-and-sulphur and orsetileal baths. Helpful Hints New Menace to Stock on Range Menaesia a Poisonous Plant Which May Kill Sheep and Cattle Unless Precautions Are Taken. QTOCKMEN in the Northwest are being warned by the U. S. De partment of Agriculture that the plant Menziesia ia poisonous and may km sheep and cattle. Menziesia is a straggling, branching shrub which grows to be from 3 to 7 feet in height In this eountry it is found in the Southern Alleghanies and in the moun tains of Northern California, Wyoming, Oregon, Idaho and Washington. Tho Rocky Mountain Bpecies, which is the one known to be poisonous, usually occurs at altitudes of from 3,500 to 6,000 feet on moist northern slopes in open woods and aboc. the "balds." In some places it grows abundantly ard on the other hand thore are long stretches in which so specimens at all are to be found. Stoek poisoned by Menziesia exhibit symptoms much like those caused by a number of other plants. There is a noticeable frothing at the mouth and weakness which causes staggering in the gait and ends in more or lens com plete paralysis. There is usually pro nounced nausea and sometimes diffi culty in breathing. It is believed, how ever, that a considerable quantity of the plant must be eaten before its effects become uangerous. Where there is abundance of other fodder sheep will not eat Menziesia. The trouble occurs when there is no other food readily available. Thus when sheep arc driven rapidly along narrow trails where the plant is most likely to abound they are apt to seize upon it and this is also true when bedding grounds are used repeatedly and the healthy forage in the neigh borhood consequently exhausted. The remedy is for herdsmen to learn to recognize the plant A further inves tigation into the subject is now being carried on but the department has al ready published a preliminary pamph let, "Menziesia, a New Stock-Poisoning Plant of the Northwestern States," which contains a description aud pic tures of the plant. The thin leaves of tin shrub are 1 to 2 inches long, and one-half to one inch wide. The flowers grow from terminal buds, expanding with the leaves. They are bell shaped or cylindrical, about one-quarter inch broad and pink U greenish white is color. IT IS an easy matter to provido a narrow trough filled three or four inches doep with solution through which the sheep ean pass from the pen to the pasture every morning. This will not cure bad easts of foot rot, but it will proveut new cases. The Tcason why so many men fail in the sheep business is because they do not study it before they begin. Sheep raising means something more than buying a flock of sheep and turning them into a bare pasture without she! ter. The young heifer that is not kept growing, tliat is not kept in good con dition durinff the earlv months of hrr life, will never make up for it later. Never feed sheep heavily on one grain alone.. Give them a variety and don't forget the roots. English shenherds believe that neo- jple who cat mutton and leave prk alone will never have indigestion. Ararnge your fields so that the sheep will have good shade during the com ing summer. One of the necessary things in the eare of sheep is the paring of their hoofs at least twice a year. Nature provided a rapid growth of hoof to stand the wear and tear of stony ground but soft pastures will not wear down the hoofs fast enough and the broken hoof often results in disease. If yon have any old sheep, they should be separated from the rest of the flock, and if they are to be fat tened, corn should be cracked for them. Do not make the mistake of Btartine the sheep business with a large flock. You will lave your hands full for the first year or two with a dozen. The most profit to he made in sheep is on the farm where small flocks can be handled to better advantage than by wholesale. Ever try smoked mutton hamsf They ire eured just as easily as pig hams and ire good eating. If sheep and lambs are fed grain to gether, the lambs will fare pretty slim. Have a hole in tho fenee near the barn through which the lambs can slip and get away from the old sheep. Have a good trough out there for tho grain you feed the little fellows and they will get their share and grow like weeds. Make it a rulo to see the sheen and lambs every day. Count to see that nothing has happened to them. If one L sick or otherwise in trouble, iret it out of the flock where you can give it a little extra care. Clover, pea, soy bean and alfalfa hays ore milk and flesh producers. When possible they should form a large part of the farm cow's ration. Selection of a Breed FAEMEES who contemplate the rais ing of sheep on their farms are urged by the department to give considerable thought to the selection, of a breed. In all, there are 30 breeds of improved sheep that have been brought to fixed types. Of these,' 12 are already well established in the United States and others are gaining in popularity. Each has its own points of superiority and the farmer must be guided in his choice by the individual conditions, bearing in mind, however, tho fact that any breed is superior to no breed. Although it is hardly to be expected that every farmer in a neighborhood will select tho same breed of sheep, there are several advantages to be de rived from a number doing so. For ex ample, new rams can be purchased for the common benefit when any indi vidual owner might wel' hesitate at the expense, and if the lambs are ready in large numbers for market at the same time they may bo shipped cheaply by tha ear load or the buyers may find it Verth their whilo to come after them. In selecting a breed it should be re mcinbcTcd that no system of sheep farm ing is likely to be loug successful which leaves out cf account either wool oi jnuttou, One or the other, however. may well be emphasized according to local conditions. Thus if pasturage is sparse, feed expensive, and marketing arrangements poor, wool will naturally be the first consideration. On the other hand, where conditions are more favor able, a breed will be selected for its mutton qualities. Even then, however, there is a wide latitude of choice. In order to asist the farmer in this choiee, the department has just pub lished in Farmers' Bulletin 57fl, "Breeds of Sheep for the Farm,' de scriptions and photographs of tho prin cipal breeds, together with the ad dresses of the secretaries of various breeding associations, from whom addi tional information can be obtained. These breeds may be divided into three main groups the Middle Wool, the Long Wool, and the Fine Wool. All the Middle Wool breeds have been de veloped primarily for mutton. The Long Wools also are bred chiefly for mut ton. They are the largest of all sheep and thrive best where food ean be ob tained withotu much travel They do well also in regions of excessive rain fall. The Fine Wools, including the American Merinos and the Rambouilett, ave been bred almost entirely for their wool alone. Some of these many breeds, says the bulletin, should be selected and main tained, for it is rarely good policy to cross sheep. 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