The gazette-times., June 18, 1914, HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION, Page 2, Image 8

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HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
Oregon Agricultural College is the Friend of the Farmer
Page of News Notes and Interesting Articles Specially Written by College Experts for This Newspaper.
View of
pARMEKS and other poultry raisers
or Oregon who have Buffered loss
in young chicks are asked to co
operate with the department of bac
teriology, Oregon Agricultural College,
in ascertaining the cause and methods
of control of the disease. They can as
sist themselves as well as confer a
favor on the department by taking the
ehick as soon as possiblo after death,
enclosing it in a water-tight can, pack
ing it in ice and sawdust in a small box,
and sending it parcels post to the de
partment of bacteriology, 0. A. C, Cor
vallis, Oregon. Oregon is the second
state in the Union to carry on this
work and Or. D. Hortou, who is con
ducting the experiments, has had the
benefit of three years experimental
work in the first state to undertake it,
Connecticut, at Storrs Station. In in
viting co-operation Mr. Hortou savs: :
"The question of the loss of young
cnicKs at this season of the year is
one of vital importance to poultry
men. It has been estimated that at
least 10 per cent of all the chicks that
are lost die as a result of white
diarrhoea, a condition brought about
by a specific germ or organism called
'B-pullorum.' The action of this or
ganism is as follows. The mature hen
having acquired the germs transmits
them through her eggs to the young
chicks. That is, the germs after gain
ing entrance into the hen's body lodge
themselves within some of the ova or
undeveloped eggs and later, when these
germ laden eggs are hatched the young
chicks emerging from them are infected
before leaving the shell. These chicks
may live for a period of weeks during
which time they are a source of danger
to the healthier chicks because their
droppings contain the deadly germs
which the healthier chicks may pick up.
Complete isolation of the infeeted
thicks and the free UBe of sour milk
will lessen, in a largo measure, , the
mortality.
"In order to determine accurately
whether or not the loss of the chicks
is due to the presence of the white
diarrhoea germs and thereby gain
ome idea as to the condition of the
health of the parent stock, the bacter
iological department will make an ex
amination, free," of the dead chicks
provided the chicks are sent direct to
the department of bacteriology just as
soon as they die. Our aim is to con
trol and eventually wipe out this un
necessary evil m this state. Co-opera
tion upon the part of the poultry rais
ers is not only desired but necessary -
for the success of this undertaking.
Further information may be obtained
by addressing the department of bacter
iology, Oregon Agricultural College,
Corvallis, Oregon."
STUDENT Y. M. C. A. HAS RECORD
OF ACHIEVEMENT.
THE Agricultural College T. M. C. A.
now numbers 345 students and is
rapidly becoming one of the prin
cipal features of student life at the
College. "The old spirit of antagon
ism has been largely eliminated," says
the president, J. W. Scudder, "and
friendship has been established between
the student body and ihe association.
"Everything possible has been done
to aid the students, especially new stu
dents coming as strangers to the Col
lege. Tents were erected at the rail
way stations and the students were met
on their arrival by representatives of
the association who furnished them in
formation as to homes, prices, and other
points of interest. An earnest effort
was made to make the stranger feel at
home and induce a fet 'ing of good fel
lowship. "There are 110 different men serv
ing as members of committees on vari
fc.awaaaMa-!,. M-UBMin , n , l rSTm-n ,.,.
Oregon Agricultural College. Corrallis,
ous phases of association work. This
plan places the association in direct
contact with the entire student body.
"Of the members 225 are members
of evangelical churches. Twenty-six
religious meetings were held during the
year with an average attendance of 75
students.
"An employment bureau of the as
sociation secured employment for 240
students during the year, and the
amount of money earned in this em
ployment is estimated at $2500. Sev
eral men listed are making as much as
ifO per week at odd jobs only."
CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF
LIME-SULPHUR SPRAT.
piIE oxa(:t chemical composition of
1 June-sulphur spray as prepared by
laboratory and by commercial meth
ods is the subject of a report by Pro
fessor H. V. Tartar, agricultural chem
ist at the Oregon Station, in research
Bulletin No. 3, just issued. The edi
tion is limited to 3000 copies, because
its technical purpose and nature ren
der it of special value only to research
workers, agricultural scientists and
science writers.
The purpose of the bulletin is to set
forth fully the work of the Station on
the chemistry of the lime-sulphur solu
tion. Most of the available literature
on the composition, properties and ef
fects of this spray is founded on field
experiments and general use. and com
paratively little information of the ex
act nature of the chemicals resulting
from the mixture has been published.
In this buleltin experiments have been
made with varying ratios of ingredients,
different methods of combining them
in solution, and the effect of adding
substances other than lime, sulphur and
water. The solutions were then tested
for their chemical components. The
actual composition of several commer
cial " preparations of lime-sulphur are
given in tabular form, together with
calculated ratios of lime to sulphur in
preparation.
The advantages of securing the in
formation developed by the experi
ments and tests are evident. In field
work lime, sulphur and water, and oc
casionally other ingredients, were pour
ed together and sprayed over vegeta
tion, often in the belief that merely
lime, sulphur water and the other sub
stances, were the only things applied
to ' it. Some persons knew that there
were new compounds formed, but few,
if any, knew precisely what they were.
Effects were studied, but when unsatis-
factory the reasons were not clear. At
least some of the unknown facts have
been brought out in this report, and
they will be of great value to those
trained to understand them, especially
to those engaged in the ommercial
manufacture of lime-sulphur sprays.
Because of the technical nature of
the bulletin its circulation will be eon
fined to those specially interested, to
the public press and to libraries. Those
entitled to one or more copies may se
cufe them by writing to the Experi
ment Station, Corvallis, Oregon. .. :
'
OEEOON DAIRY RECORDS PROPOR
TIONALLY HIGH.
THE supremacy of Oregon as a dairy
state has frequently been asserted
by the dairy department of the
Agricultural College and is rapidly be
ing verified by tests r.nd records made
in certain parts of tho state. The num
ber of cows of any breed in Oregon is
relatively small in comparison with the
number in the United States, yet the
number of cows in the Jersey breed
that have made noteworthy records is
a very largo percentage of the number
in the whole country.
Of 30 Jersey cows in the United
Oregon, the Sole Aim of Which Is to Aid
States that have produced above 900
pounds of butter in one year, four of
them, or 25 per cent are in Oregon. Of
30 that have produced to exceed 800
pounds, six cows, 20 per cent, are Ore
gon cows. Of 105 that produced to
exceed 700 pounds of butter within a
year, 14, almost 14 per cent, are Ore
gon cows. While the five cows that
have produced 1000 pounds or more of
butter during a year's test are outside
of Oregon, this state has one cow that
fell but 7.1 ounces short of that sum
ber.
Although there are more than 60
breeders of pure bred Jerseys in the
state not many of them have ever car
ried on testing. There are but 14 now
doing advanced registry work, two hav
ing dropped out temporarily. This is a
very poor showing, and yet it has
proved that Oregon dairy conditions
are unequaled elsewhere.
!
APPLE TREES.
UElXO the decade 1900-1910 the
f number of bearing apple trees in
the United States decreased by a
total of 50,471,000 or 33.4 per cent. At
the former date there were reported in
the United States census 201,794,000
as again 151,323,000 in 1910. In 1910
there were fewer than one-half the
farms in the United States that reported
the growing of apple trees. Notwith
standing this showing there has been
considerable advancement in the busi
ness of commercial apple growing. Ac
cording to Frofessor t:. I. Lewis, head
of tho Oregon Agricultural College di
vision of horticulture, a prime factor in
developing the commercial phases of the
apple industry has been the growth of
American cities and the tendency to
change from apples in tb form of cider,
apple butter, etc., to a larger use of
the fresh fruit, eating it in the form
of pies, sauces, etc. Better transporta
tion facilities and refrigerator cars
have had an important influence not
only on the apple but on all our fruits.
There have been waves or epochs in
the apple industry such as the intro
duction of tillage as an orchard prac
tice, spraying for the control of insects
and disease pests, the use . of cover
crops, orchard heating to protect the
fruit from late frosts and improved
methods of selling and distributing. In
view of all these advancements the ap
ple industry is becoming greater and
the United States and Canada arc the
principal commercial apple districts.
The great needs of the industry are
the standardization of crates and pack
ages, better organization and the estab
lishment of a bureau of statistics by
means of which 'we can keep informed
of the approximate size and quality of
the crop. It is only by producing high
class fruit for fresh use and by devel
oping factories to convert the inferior
grades into valuable by-products that
the industry can be placed upon a
permanently safe and prosperous foun
dation.
n
O. A. C, TO GIVE AID TO OREGON
TEACHERS.
TO AID Oregon teachers in equipping
themselves to respond adequately to
the demand for more efficient
teaching in industrial subjects will be
the principal feature of the summer ses
sion of the Oregon Agricultural Col
lege. State-wide interest in garden and
household contests of public school
pupils as shown by the fact that more
than 10,000 are registered in tho in
dustrial courses shows the absolute ne
cessity for teachers to equip themselves
with additional information in this
work. The summer school Bulletin No.
140, makes the following announcement
covering the character of the, work.
The summer courses will not. only
Agriculturists.
provide specific and detailed instruc
tion for conducting these contests, but
will show tho teacher how to use the
state adopted text in elementary agri.
culture and supplement it with simple
and interesting experiments both ftir
doors and outdoors, In the same way,
the direet and practical instruction ia
cooking and., sewing will furnish the
essentials for assisting the girl pupils.
Any teacher who has the advantage of
six weeks' contaet with expert instruct
ors and practical demonstrations in the
work in which he is to direct his pupils,
will vastly multiply his efficiency and
usefulness ia his community.
"The courses are organized to meet
the needs of both general and special
students. Young men and women who
have had no systematic instruction in
the branches taught at this institution
will find elementary courses adapted
to their needs. Students and gradu
ates of high schools where no industrial
training is given, and others who have
completed their schooling, may spend a.
delightful six weeks in Corvallis at mod
erate expense, obtaining useful, prac
tical information and at the same time
perhaps discover unexpected capacities,
heretofore dormant. Others, who have
a trade or profession, want a side line
n fruit raising, vegetable gardening,
poultry and the like. Still others aro
interested in beautifying their lawns
with flowers and shrubbery and plant
ing and arranging them in the- most
artistic way. '. Many public, school and
college teachers are providing old age
pensions by acquiring land."
NEW COLLEGE BuiLDINGS.
THE Home Economics building and
tho Men's Gymnasium at the Ore
gon Agricultural College are now
entirely enclosed and well along in the
interior work. The former is the most
complete and commodious structure of
the kind en the Coast, and will make a
splendid home for teaching the young
women of Oregon how to make and keep
their own homes.- The gymnasium is
likewise an imposing structure, well de
signed to afford the best modem facili
ties for the physical instruction of men.
The fine appearance of both buildings
excites the admiration of visitors to the
campus.
,
AD CLUB MAKES PRESENT.
N TOKEN cf their appreciation of
their entertainment by the domestic
science girls of the Oregon Agricul
tural College, members of the Port
land Ad Club gave them a present of
cash to be used in the purchase of a
suitable testimonial. The associated
women: "student met and decided to
buy a handsome coffee urn and a cop
per tea pot. The articles will be 'en
graved and placed in the model dining
room of the' new Homo Economics
building, where they will be put into
general use. '
Only One He Knew.'
Can you give mo an example of a
toothless animal of the mammalian
gronpf asked a teacher of a small boy; -
n the class of zoology.
"Yes, sir," said the boy, promptly.
"My grandma! "
SACKS
Now and second-band Sacks of all
kinds. Hop Cloth, Burlap and Twine.
Sacks of all kinds manufactured. We
ship anywhere and buy everywhere,
Country orders solicited.
WINKLEMAN BAG CO.
Oldest, Largest Second-Hand Bag !
Dealers in Northwest. ! '
173 Front St Portland, Or.