HOME AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION
a-
Livestock and Dairy
Pacti About Care of Farmers' Peeden and Aidi to Greater Milk Production.
,the thing that will prevent indigeBtio I
prevents the eommon scours. I
When the calf beems to feed daintily, 1
mess with its feed, the ere usually be- 1
i
gins to loose its brilliancy, its hair bo J
gins to stare or stand on end, ana tne
calf's general demeanor begins to
change. The calf ought now to receive
immediate detention. Give two raw
eggs, shell and all by placing one at a
time in its month, and fnrftintr thA lawn
closed with the hands, thus crushing the
egg. it tne eau snouia Degm to scour
give one ounce of castor oil with a tea-
Bpoonful of cerolin and 20 grains of sub
nitrate of bismuth. Repeat the bis
muth and creolin with a cup of strong
coitee ana mxseea tea every lour
hours.
,
, Tou can 't let calves rustle 4
& ' anyway they like if you want to
e ' have fine dairy stock. A calf is $
just the same as a child. Neglect $
$ it when young and you will rue
$ it when it 's old. . If you want to
9 get some live, up-to-the-minute $
0 ideas on how to caro for the
young calves in the dairy read $
Professor Blanchard's articlo
herewith. ' 3
BY H. L. BLANC HAED,
Assistant Superintendent, Washington
State Experiment Station.
THE best bunch of grade heifer fall
calves that the writer ever saw
were fed and cared for under the di
rection of a girl about 14 years of age.
A part of the girl's compensation was
to be her choice of one of the calves
at the ape of six months. One condi
tion of the agreement was that there
should be no sickness among the calves
caused bv mistakes in feedine or care.
Tho girl won and secured the Calf, which
she sold fcr $50.
These calves were never neglected,
and were kept under clean ana sani
tary conditions. They were lea reg
alarly, especial care being taken not to
over feed, so they were kept thrifty, in
creasing in weight every day. While
feeding, the calves were fastened in
calf stanchions, and at the end of six
months the girl knew just the amount
of feed milk, hay, gr.in, etc., that
each one had eaten. The feed cost was
about $12.00 per calf and the labor
averaced about six minutes per day per
calf less than 20 hours labor per calf
for the six months. All of the feeds
were raised on the farm, excepting a
1 ow pounds of flaxseed meal, and a sack
of shorts that was fed while teaching
the calves to eat grain.
Raise Well-Bom Calves
Onlr the well-born calves should be
raised for dairy purposes. Premature
Kirtlia nucrht to be discarded. Suck
calves very rarely develop into profit
able eows. They are nsually lacking in
mnrva force, vieor and stamina. The
calf worth raising will have no less
than four teeth completely cut through
the gums U birth and should have four
teats of reasonable size ana placed
widnlv aoart. It is desirable that the
heifer develop a large and well shaped
ndder, which properly placed teats pro
mise. The calf intended for the dairy should
be well cared for and at no time ne
glected. It i" not much of a trick to
raise a cUf that will develop into a
producer of 3,000 to 4,000 pounds of
milk or 150 to 200 pounds of butter fat
per year, provided the parent stock
were good cows.
Such low producers may result from
improper practices in feeding, thereby
causing uigestive disorders, limiting the
calf's ration to skim milk alone after
ti first week, feeding in dirty pails,
confining the calf to a wet and un
sanitary Btall, and weaning the calf
from the skim milk and turning to
grass at about three months of age, to
rustle a -ery large part of .J living
until its first calf is born.
buccumbs to Neglect.
Tet many farmers persist in raising
their calv.s along the lines indicated
nbovc, and at the same time know very
woll that any other mm crop bo ne
glected would not be worth harvesting.
Tim calf succumbs to neglect and mis
takes iust as Burely and permarently as
n thr irons of the farm. With
thA nther crons. however, one can cor
intake the following year and
thus considerably reduce his loss, but
trith the calf years elapse before the
loss becomes evident, and many years
more will bo needed to repair the dam'
ge done. It is therctore equany im
portant that the feeding and care of
t 9 calf from birth if not before birth,
be proper and right, as it is that tho
breeding shall have been right. Those
cows that are making money for their
ownors today were not greatly neglect
ed and allowed to shift for themselves
as calves.
To be profitable to tho dairy farmer
the cow must produce from 5,500 to
8,000 pounds of milk that shall contain
not much less than 300 pounds of but
ter fat.
Such eows are generally produce
and reared along the following lines.
Assuming the calf to be well bred and
otherwise satisfactory at birth, many
successful dairymen find it to tie the
better practice to permit the calf to
suck the dam for its first feed.
lne first milk the eolostrum pos
sesses both medicinal and nutritive
qualities important to the calf's great
est needs.
Bemove Calf Promptly.
The calf ought then to be promptly
removed to a well ventilated, dry and
aonitnrv Btall. awav from the dam. The
stall should have a window to admit the
sunlight and the floor ought frequently
to, envered with dry and fresh bed
ding. After several hours ana wnen tue
calf becomes hungry it should be taugnt:
to drink from the pail, by coaxing ana
not by forcing methods. Any practice
that would be calculated to develop a
stubborn and timid disposition in the
calf ought carefully to be avoided. Cul
tivate the calf's affections, utter tnc
calf the dam's milk freshly drawn. By
placing a finger wet with the milk on
the calf's nose and repeating a iw
times if necessary the calf will follow
with its nose the finger into the pail and
begin to d-ink. By practicing pauenre
the feeder soon has the calf taught to
drink from the pail and with continued
kindness no further trouble neea oe
feared in this matter.
ti,o naif is a delicate creature and
should be nursed with great care in or
der that cigestiou troubles may be
wholly avoided, tieneraliy Bucn trou
bles are produced either by over feeding
or feeding in unclean paus.
Sometimes the dam's mini is ier.v
rich, when only a little should be given,
and thus rvoid a bad case of indiges
tion. . . .
At. all times it is better to under teea
o littio than to over feed. Feed whole
milk for about ten days and then grad
ually change to fskim milk. At tnree
weeks the whole mil may saieiy
omitted.
During the change a little tiaxseeo
jelly can be added to the milk, begin
ning with a tablespoonful and ending
with a half a pint, at a teea. xm
bv eooking the flax
seed meal in water in the proportion of
about one to six by measure, emau
calves ought at first to receive not more
than three to four quarts of whole milk
while large calves may recede irom
five to six ouarts daily.
Ti... ,,ttitw mav in each case be
4HO rf
gradually increased until at the age ot
six weeks the amount may have doubled
which may well be tho limit. Skim
milk had best bo fed as soon as u
comes from the separator while it still
retains the animal heat.
rvu milir i rtanterous feed for the j
five months of aee. ,
lUrtll miuci -- - -
Feed skim milk warmed at 90 to 95 de
grees relying upon the thermometer, not
the finger. Do not feed the calves miiK
from tubercular cows, creamery
milk ought to be treated before being
fed to calves or pigs by heating for 20
to SO minutes at a temperature m
tn 1fi0 decrees Fahreinkiit to kill the
bacteria present in the milk.
Three Feeds Daily.
tn:..:j h milk into three feeds
daily for the calf for the first week.
afterwards two feeds daily. "
until the calf is x nontns oia.
five or six weckB of age the calf will
eat hay and grain. Let it have all it
will eat of both, after drinking its .Jilk
Do not feed the grain in the mi'.k. Equa
parts by ueasure oi bran, com mew
and around oats makes a first class
grain mixture for the calf. Sprinkle a
little of the grain on tue moum .
of th calf a few times when it
-,:n Kuvimn to like it and eat
freely. Most any bright hay win oe
nlr fd what the calf will
J ... . 1.
eat up clean and thus avoid having the
calf form the objectionable uamv
mussing over the feed in searcn oi mo
choicest bits.
The calf after two or three montns oi
with roughage
such as green clover, alfalfa, oats, mixed
grasses or roots. 'ed out a unu m
.t mi. increasing gradually
juntil the calf gets all that it will est
up clean. Keep salt and fresh water
before the calf daily from the first.
Feed in Stall.
Rv all means do all the feedine of
the calves in stalls or stanchions. These
aavA l.ibor and feed, and are a great
aid in the prevention of sickness and
tho forming of bad habits like gucsing
ears, teats, etc., and are not expensive.
Aftor a very few days, at feeding time,
the calves will be found waiting in tne
stanchions. They are first offered their
milk after which the grain and hay is
given them. Later they are released,
whon thev will have forgotten the na
tural desire to Buck and tesse each
other. Wean the calves from milk at
aii months of aac. continue feeding oats
in some form, and in the absence of
good past-re feed them soiling crops
liberally. Silage, roots r.nd hay snouia
be fed along similar lines as to the dairy
Rreed the heifer at the age oi
16 to 18 months. Continue to feed her
for growth and the fullest development,
being careful that at no time sne oe
nmna stunted As freshening time ap
nrnacl.M nandle her frequently, mucn
a if aha was producing milk, and thus
gradually accustom her to the changes
that are to come. The heiier s opposi
tion when she becomes a cow has been
lrrolv moulded by the care taken
.- -ft j - ,
Kind and gentle treatment generally
developes a kind and docile disposition.
On the contrary, harshness ana crueuj
insures ii kicking and vicious animal, re-
tenting every questionable mciaenr
about the stables by holding her milk
and becoming generally disorderly.
Indigestion and Scours.
There are but very few dairymen and
atnOcmAn who have not had more or
Icsb experience with digestion troubles
and scours among their animais eepc-
eiallv the calves. Under natural ana
snnitarv conditions calves usually re
main healthy. Indigestion is generally
the result of mistakes or carelessness oi
the feeder, such as wt' and dirty pens,
irregularity in feeding, over feeding,
cold milk, sour milk, dirty pans, ami
the like. The obvious thing to do is
for the feeder not to make mistakes
and to nurse the calf with much care.
Common scours follow indigestion, hence
Manufacturers have found that red
alder from the Paeifie Coast is a suit
able material for clothesDins. Alder
I makes a white, smooth, springy pin. As
a result or tnis iact, a ciotnespm rac
tory, said to be the first on the Pacific
Coast, may be established at Portland,
uregon.
DI 1 CV LOSSES SURRY PREVENTED
111 A I, ft ) Cuttar't Blkh Pitto. low
ImUAWJIL grind, frail. reli.bU; prafernd trf
WMttrn stockmen because thiy f-
ttet wlier ether emlwel fall.
I m .m " Writ for booklet and testimonials.
I .PI I K-aM skis. Ilasklei Hill fl.M
UaUV SO-leM (tea. Hackles PIRi 4-M-
TJse any Injector, but Cutter's best
The aaDorlftrUr of Colter products Is due to oer 13
yasrs of spedallzhif In vaeetnss and attains only.
Insist on Cutter's. If unobtainable, order dtreet
TNC CUTTER LABORATORY, Barkslsr, CaMfsnia,
HIDES
FTJB8, WOOL, PELTS, ETC.
HIBBAED-STEWAET CO.,
Seattle, Will
Write for Price List and
Shincins Tags.
(Please mention this psppr.)
MILLIONS OF
SACKS SACKS SACKS
Write Us for Price
ALASKA JUNK CO.
1120 First Avenue, Seattle, Wash.
Mr. Merchant!
Since "TIMES AKK HARD," now is the time for you to
realize a profit on your old bundle of freight bills that you have
perhaps regarded as nothing more than waste paper.
Do you know that the fioight and express charges that you
pay are' many times in error, duo to oversight on the part of the
clerk in assessing proper charges, or to errors in classification,
weights, etc, and that which you pay to the transportation com
panies in excess of what actually belongs to them for their services
under their legally published tariff rates amounts to considerable
monev that vou "might count as profit? in the conduct of your
business It" is a fact that unless business concerns, however
small, employ expert rate and traffic men to look after their trans
portation affairs they lose annually a large amount of money that
could be saved. OUB BUSINESS IS TO SAVE THIS MONEY
FOE YOU FEOM YOUB OLD FEEIGHT BILLS.
Wo can greatly benefit you and your business as a member of
this association, our staff of traffic experts are the best that
money can produce, and we are saving merchants throughout the
country thousands of doll' -s yearly in overcharges found on ex
pense bills which were erroneously charged by the railroads and
express companies. A membership in this association entitles you
to these savings, together with such further services as quota
tion of rates, routing of freight to receive lowest rates, collection
of loss and damage claims, Inter state Commerce Complaints, and
many other services beneficial to merchants.
The cost of membership is only $10.00 for the first year's
service; the second year's service does not cost you anything in
eash, as we take $7.50 to cover the second year's service from
the overcharges found in the expense bills only, and we further
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amount of cash that you originally pay for the membership.
Let us have your application today.
THE TRANS CONTINENTAL TRAFFIC ASSOCIATION,
4U-415 Panama Building, Portland, Oregon.
Gentlemen:
I hereby apply for membership In the above named Association to receive
all at the benefits under jrour general membership contract, and I noloie her
vita cheek for S10.00 to oarer membership fee.
.Name.
.Address,