A
HOME AND FAEM MAGAZINE SECTION
The Orchard on
K You Don't Care For It, Cut
Let You. It Needs
THE ORCHABD on the grain farm iB
nsually an object worthy of pity
and compassion a poor thing. It
was planted because the farmer thought
it would not be home without an orch
ard. The trees were not carefully se
lected in the first place. Too many
of them were cummer and fall apples.
The farmer took pride in it while it
was growing and looked promising; but
even before it began to bear he neglect
ed it
He allowed the borers to get in their
work, and a percentage of the trees
died. He allowed the rabbits to bark
the trees in the winter. He allowed the
hogs to run in it and rub against the
trees. He failed to pruue. Ho did not
spray because he bad not the time. He
allowed it to grow up in weeds, pos
Bibly in blue grass. Then, after it had
borue for three or four years, and he
was dissatisfied with the fruit, he be
gan to wonder why he ever planted an
orchard. He began to figure that if he
bad never planted it, but had grown
corn on the land, he would be much
further ahead now without expense. The
net result is that the average orchard
on the farm is unproductive, does not
pay, and the farmer wishes he had
never planted it; that even 50 bushels
of corn per acre would have been worth
two or three times as much as all the
fruit he ever got off that orchard. The
orchard then becomes a preferred breed
ing place for orchard pests.
Cut It Down.
What should be done with an orch
ard of this kind! If your wife will let
you, you had probably better cut down
the trees, grub out the stumps, and
plant corn. We suspect she won't allow
you to do it. It would not seem like
home without an orchard. In that case,
Fruit Distribution Is
Discussed
IN DISCUSSING the business side of
fruit distribution at the recent
meeting in Chicago of the Seeond
National Conference on Marketing aud
Farm Credits, Charles W. Holman of
the University of Wisconsin and secre
tary of the Conference, gave seven, rea
sons why marketing associations fail:
1. A wrong type of organization.
2. The failure to pay good salaries
and expect efficient service.
3. A half-hearted feeling among tlie
producers, which led them to follow
false gods of antagonistic interests that
Wero combining for the purpose of dis
xupting the local organiar.tion.
- 4. Failure on the part of the local
associations to federate with each other
to obtain strong gelling power and to
iovelop strong purchasing power.
5. Failure to provide for proper in
poctional and auditing services.
6. Failure to guarantee the product
and protect the guarantee by the credit
of the organization.
7. The spread of tenancy through
ome twenty-six states of the Union.
Got Down to Facts.
"Such causes are to be expected in
the present development of the farmer
as a business man, for we must re
member that the evolution of farm
business is at least a generation be
hind the evolution of other forms of
business. There are many fundamen
tal causes for this condition, which
kave been dwelt upon by -other speak
ers and by many writers.
"It is customary to discuss the
farmers' co operative movement some
what in the same way that people
discuss the single tax or the co-oper
ative commonwealth, as a movement of
teautiful idealism. Very few people
ave as yet gotten down to the actual
dollars and cents point of view in dis
cussing this thing.
Organization Is Thing.
"And after all we do not care
Whether it is the nonprofit-making
Corporation, or the joint stock com
pany, or the partnership agreement,
or whatever form of organiaztion that
the farmer's business may take, pro
Vidod that in the running of that busi
Bess he gets the thing that is now
the Grain Farm
It Down iS Your Wife Will
Care, However.
there's only one thing to do; and that
is take care of it.
If it has been growing up in weeds,
plow it up, sow it to clover, and thus
fertilize it. Scrape the rough bark off
the trees, whitewash them, prune them,
and if you can, head them out low, so
that ttje fruit can be gathered easily.
Learn' how to spray, and then spray
every tree. We are not telling you how
to spray. If you are interested, you
will send to your experiment station
and get a spraying calendar. If you are
not interested, you would not do it if
we should tell you how.
Orchard Business Apart
We don't advise -farmers to go into
commercial orcharding. That's a sep
arate business by itself. No farm, how
ever, is really a farm unless it has an
orchard. What you want is fruit enough
for your family, and in good years some
to give away to the people in the neigh
borhood, and perhaps in town, who do
not have an orchard. Don't do any
half-way job. Either make the orchard
a delight, an ornament to the farm, a
joy to your wife, and a double joy to
your children, or else dig it up. Any
thing is better than a run-down, neg
lected orchard.
It will cost you something to spray;
but if the fanners in any neighbor
hood determine that they are going to
have orchards, as they Bhould for the'
sake of the farmers, the wives and the
children, and the farms themselves, it is
easy to arrange for somo man to sjray
all the orchards in the neighborhood, to
keep the trees pruned, and give direc
tions as to how to take care of them.
The orchard in the corn belt takes the
place of the vine and fig tree in ancient
lsreul; and the man who does not have
one is not living up to' his privileges
as an American farmer.
necessary for the welfare of himself
and his family and his community
a living price above the cost of his
farm and Boiling operations."
The reasons for the failure of mar
keting associations as given by Mr.
Holman are. not all that may be dis-
sovored, but fruit growers who have
watched the rise and fall of market
ing organizations will find among these
seven reasons, at least one which has
contributed to the downfall of their
organization. And furthermore, these
marketing associations which are now
in existence and are somewhat uncer
tain about the success they will make,
need to consider these reasons for
failure, find the leak in their ranks
and proceea to make the changes and
adjustments that will lead on to suc
cess. CHERRY GUMOSIS, REMEDY.
THE Corvallis experiment station rec
ommends for gnmosis of the cherry
to clean off the affected parts, re
moving bark and the gum and any de
cayed material, then disinfect with a
solution of 1 part corrosive sublimate to
1000 parts of water. This will help to
heal, but the original cause is perhaps
imperfect transformation of combium
into wood; likely to occur when the trees
grow too rank and late in the fall.
. . Tree Wash.
To the Editor. Please give formula
for making whitewash for peach trees.
8. L.R.
Dissolv? as much common washing
soda as you can in six gallons of water;
then dissolve one gallon of ordinary
soap to tho above; slake some lime to a
rather thick paste and add enough of
this to make a thick whitewash. Scrape
off the loose bark, if any, also remove
the soil from the base of trunk, digging
out the borers if you Bee signs of them,
then apply the wash freely from the
larger limbs to the ground, then replace
tho soil abouf the tree.
Two more European capitals, Vienna
and Bucharest, have been connected by
a direct telephone line.
A new electric churn for household
use is operated by a motor of only
one-thirtieth of a horsepower.
Electro-magnets opevnto a new sew
ing machine without the uso of interual
shafts and geuriuj.
Feeding Field Peas
Proves Success
HENRY ROSENBERG, who is farm
ing a 1700-acre wheat ranch a
few miles out of I'endletou, Ore
gon, has for the last three years had
lonr acres planted to Canadian field
peas.
lie considers them very fine for hog
feed, because on account of the small
amount of work and trouble they place
him to compared to the amount of value
he figures they are to hiin.
Beginning about the first of June he
turns his hogs in on them and from
that time on he bothers no further in
regard to them.
They elean the patch up entirely, eat
ing everything, peas, pods, vines aud
as much of the root as they can root
out.
Last year ho ran from 33 to 50 pigs
on his patch and will probably put in
as many or more this year than he
did last. He says thero is no danger
of volunteer peas if one wishes to dis
continue raising them at any time, for
the pigs clean them up by fall so clean
that it is impossible to find a single
pea upon the ground.
Some Experiments in Salting Butter.
A report received bv the Department
of Agriculture of experiments made by
mo untario agricultural station showed
that salt added to butter iu a wet con
dition was better distributed and more
in solution than wero the dry salt lots.
The average percentage of moisture re
tained in the finished butter was prac
tically the same with both saltings.
Tests on the retention of salt in the
butter by the two methods do not ncree.
Butter churned to about the size of
wheat granules contained more moisture
and loss salt than did similar butters
churned to lump size. Grittiness in but
ter was found to bo due to an over
abundance of salt. It was found that
a saturated salt solution contained, on
an average, 1:9.25 per cent salt. Quan
tities of salt rangiuir from 4.29 to 5.77
pounds per 100 pounds of butter were
aauca to chiirnmgs, with a resulting
retention of salt of from 3..r)6 to !Ur,
pounds, the loss being accounted for in
tno churn water and on the worker. A
loss of moisture and salt in butter was
found in the process of printing and
packing, and after one, two and three
months in cold storage there was a
steady decrease in moisture content, the
salt coutent remaining fairly uniform.
STAR
LINE
Bam
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Space will not permit us to tell
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Bara Fixture Dept.
126 Front St, Portland, Ore.
U. S. and Foreign Patents
Obtained.
Send Sketch and Description tm Opinion
as to Patentability.
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200 Victor Bldg., Washington, D. O,
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312 Henry Bldg., Portland, Oregon.
Astoria By The Sea
WHERE arVER, P-AIL AND OCEAN
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For Astoria, Warronton, Flavel or
New Astoria Property, call on or write
to A. R. CYRUS, 38Q Commercial St.,
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"Join the Band"
BIG SALE OF CLARINETS
Over 200 Kohlert Clarinets
to be sold out regardless of
cost.
SEND FOB SPECIAL
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Free Trial Offer.
U Graves Music
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151 Fourth St.
Portland ... Oregon
Everything for the Band.
Exclusive agents for Conn
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It Is INDEED
A Powder a Woman may
trust, but not a Trust
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Hence its reasonable
price and increasing
popularity.
"Crescent Baking Powder"
Crescent Mfg. Co.,
Seattle, Wo.
GET IT FROM
YOUR GROCER
26c Per lb.
Do you want to
Sell or Trade
your Farm?
Our facilities Tor handling farm lands
are unexcelled in this section. We are
exclusive farm dealers, and our long
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state just what kind of property you
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HARGROVE & SONS
122 North 6th St, Portland, Oregon.
Let Me Repair
THAT OLD VIOLIN
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1854 Fourth St., Portland, Oregon.
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