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About The gazette-times. (Heppner, Or.) 1912-1925 | View Entire Issue (May 14, 1914)
Oregon Agricultural College is the Friend of the Farmer A Pago of Bulletins and News Notts Concerning the Staff at OorvalliB. 08T of the items of eost that enter into the production of milk have greatly increased in eost during the last few years, but there has not been a corresponding increase in the price of milk and milk products. Sinee the success of the dairymen is depen dent npon the relative cost of production- and price of dairy products it is ' evident that he must lower the cost of production if he is to carry on his busi ness with any profit It is plain that he cannot fix or materially alter the price of dairy products. The eost of feed, labor, equipment and dairy operation is also largely beyond his power of exten sive control. The solution of this em barrassing situation, which is becoming acute, is to keen better cows. "The problem is not a difficult one and improvement of both type and pro ducing ability can be easily effected," Myi Professor Graves, head of the col lege dairy department. "That there is ntit need of imDrovement in the pro ducing power of the average dairy herd of our state is very evident. Two facts of vital importance to dairymen nave hum revealed in the work of experiment stations, cow testing associations and investigation of creameries, 'inese n on&t variation in the producing ability of different individuals in the herd, and a low average yield per cow. These results have shown the farmers ha tiAm) at lwakenini? to a more care fnl stndv and investigation of the pro ducing power of their cows. It has tuwn shown in these investigations that the best cow sometimes yields two or three times as much as the poorest. Ana if a record of food eaten is also kept, it will be found that there is a great variation in the milk yield of cows re ceiving the same amount of feed. The cost of production is usually inversely proportional to the amount of produc tion. "Abundant opportunity for improve ment exists here in the Northwest, if we but avail ourselves of it If proper methods are used, improvement can be easily and quickly effected. "The breeding of cattle is an in fonrral nart of the progressive dairy- man ' hnsinoaa. The herd must be re- - plenished and the natural increase cared for if continuous productiveness is pro vided for. The usefulness of the aver age dairy cow does not cover a period of more than eight years. For various reasons animals are continually drop ping out or being discarded. Not fewer than 30,000 cows are needed to replace those that will finish their profitable work in the herds of Oregon this year and furnish the necessary increase. "These must be secured either by nurchasinp- outside the state or by rais ing heifer calves. Some dairymen de pend upon purchase and others raise calves enough each year to keep up the number in the nerd. "If these 30,000 cows were as much superior to their dams as they could be made by proper methods of breeding, this state would soon attract the atten tion of the whole world because of the liitrh Rvflrftfffl production of its dairy cows. The aim of the breeder should not be merely to secure reproduction, but to secure animals that are superior to their ancestors. "In bringing about this improve ment it is not necessary to establish new types or breeds. The Jerseys, Holsteins, Guernseys, and Ayreshires, respond favorably to our conditions. "The first step in improvement is to stop at once the crossing of breeds and the use of grade or scrub bulls, mere is not much hope of improving herds by buying cattle, for not often do our neighbors wish to sell their best cattle. Further, the time, expense and labor involved in hunting Btock are almost prohibitive to a busy farmer. Where . the standard of production is maintain. hv nnrfihasinir cows to keep UP the herd there is grave risk of introducing tuberculosis or other contagious diseases into the herd. "Our easiest quickest and most sat isfactory method of improving our dairy herds is the use of a meritorious sire of one of the dairy breeds, the careful selection and raising of his daughters from the best cows, and systematic co operative breeding. "There is nothing that will pay the dairyman better than to study his herd carefully and take Steps to start breed ing operations with the definite object in view of increasing the value 01 ms herd through weeding out the unprofita ble cows and selecting carefully the animals to be mated, in selection, we have the most direct and powenui means of improvement at the disposal of the breeder. FEEDING BAST CHICKS. OUNG chicks receive the first feed at the Oregon station when about 24 to 36 hours old. They are given bran, mixed crumbly with raw egg, or bread dipped in milk and squeezed dry, twine a dav for the first week, and equal parts of cracked wheat and cracked corn on clean sand three times . dav. After two or three days the grain mixture is fed in the litter. Clean water, grit, charcoal, and cracnea none, in separate dishes, are kept before tnem. Ttiov nlsn have access to green food, When one week old the emeus are iea a moist mash of three parts bran, one nark wheat middlings, one pound corn meal, and a pinch of salt about what ttiv w 11 eat no in an hour grain mix ture two or three times a My, beef scraps in a hopper, and other supplies as before. When three weens oia, tney have milk added to the Tation. 4o f. For Governor GEO WING CLOVES SEED. i a. THE raising of clover seea is nn onlv much more profitable or dinarily than growing ciover hay, but is very much better from the fertility standpoint." This is the an swer of Professor Scudder, agronomic tn o-ri-.nltnral college, to a large number of farmers who should like to grow clover seed but "thought that it was awfully hard on tne son. mm innniriea arose over a statement in the Country Gentleman to the effect tvnt W hav removes about o.av .h o .nil fertlitv with each ton. and that clover seed removes but about 35 cents' worth. It has often been pointed inf h t.hs noronomv department that while the actual value of the nitrogen phosphorous and potassium m a ton or. about tlO.50, $8 of this amount of nitrogen which is half taken from the air, but which is neeaeo to maintain soU fertility. When the hay ; Inu thin value leaves the field. When fed on the ground, 80 per cent of it is returned to the sou. tt the. Mover seed is taken from a ton of clover, but 35 cents' worth of these plant foods are taken out. n y rfra in then burned the value is mostly destroyed, but if the straw is returned to the neid ana aisneu- m, u value is retained and humus is added to the soil. "Therefore procee'd with your seed growing," sayB Professor Scudderj "the a th hotter. As lone as yon do not destroy the straw, it iB one of the best crops you can grow." HOW AND WHEN TO SPRAY ORCHARDS, M a THE results of many years or stuay and observation of the damage and control of disease and insect pests of Oregon are told in the latest bulle tin issued by the crop pest department of the Oregon Agricultural college, "How and When to ftpray Orchards." One verv important and encouraging fact brought out in this study is that it is not necessary for the grower to learn a great many spray mixtures, but that he should learn well a few of the standard remedies and how to apply them most efficiently and economically. "It is hiehlv important that spraying be done at the proper time with the right sorav." Bays the bulletin. "Each pest, whether fungus or insect, has its own particular life history and a defi nite time of attacking plants, ims me hiatorv determines the treatment and should be familiar to all growers in the district where the pest damage occurs. Every farmer should be familiar with all the pests of his own district." VOTE FOB A. H. BURTON Progressive Candidate for STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS Long Successful Experiences as Teach er, Principal and Superintendent. Graduate Southern Illinois State Normal 1901 ITnlversitT of Illinois 1907 University of Oregon Law 1912 (Paid Advertisement.) n Gus.C. Moser Republican Primaries May 15 He voted against the new tax law, and stands for reduction of taxes, pay able semi annually, without penalty. Economy, efficiency dignified law enforcement. (Paid Advertisement.) For Governor f : iiCTiii can WM. A. CARTER Of Portland, Republican An experienced man says pit silos . - -should have a plastering of cement not less than one inch thick. Realizing that condition! hare become uch aa to require droilio measures fot the reduction of taxes and the consequent high cost of living, William A. Carter wa the firat gubernatorial candidate to an nounce thia in. hla platform and to atand for the semi-annual payment of taxea. The curtailment of a number of useless boards and the conaolidatlon of others, with a saving of at least (500,000 annual ly to the taxpayers of the State la to be put up to the people at the November election in the ahape of an Initiative meas ure, prepared by Mr. Carter and which la now being circulated for signatures. Other prominent planks in the Carter platform are a stand for laws to prevent the Legis lature from repealing laws made by the people; to prevent cold atorage of food products until same shall have spoiled, for the purpose of maintaining high prices; law giving Governor power to veto single ltma tn innrnnrifttlona : riarid law en forcement and good roads. Laws for the protection and advancement oi interests of working people of the Bute, and build in tin nf IndnatrlAi. whinh he advocates. are of particular Interest to all who are Interested In the upbuilding of the State, 1.11. hi. .J.n. nf mnM ftetlvn nartlct am "ia iu,.v.v, - - patiou of women In legislation, particular ly In laws enacting scnooii, uuuio auu domeatlo relations, are in line with hia slogan: "PROTECT THE HOME." In asmuch as he is a strong advocate of good roads, his candidacy anoum appeal strong ly to those in outlying districts. Mi, naWni- vii horn in Greenville. Tennessee, forty yeara ago, and at the age of 18 moved witn nis parenta to T.,b.nn ftnnntv firnffftn. He worked aa a farm hand, a aectlon hand, where he received S1.U1 a aay, ana in me mines while studying law of nights. He was admited to the bar to practice In 1808 and been successful in his profession since. That year he waa captain of company of volunteers from the Rogue Htver vaney 10 ugm in ine ruiiippiuea. Was City Recorder of Gold Hill, Oregon, four terms. In 1901 he waa sent to the Legislature from Jackaon County and led the fight in that body for the reduction of railway fares from four to three cents. He is married and has three children. Pud AoSerrutiMel All dried beans should be soaked sev eral hours before cooking; they should then be boiled slowly, Ooen canned fruit or vegetables and pour into a dish several hours before they are served . Prunes are greatly imprdved if a little cider is added to the water in which they are cooked. A pretty mull or dotted swiss curtain makes an excellent substitute for pillow shams.