What rrnfemnr tt I'liNrriiHi'V Know
About I'ltwitrra and (,'renm, ..
"Cosmetics" was the topic of an in
tetoHting paper road by Prof. Albert
ft. Ebert, president of tho Illinois Board
of Pharmacy, at tho annual meeting of
the Woman's Physiological Institute.
Tho professor laid out before his hear
ers a small drug store stock of cos
metics, consisting of a box or a bottle
of almost every notod make, and then
proceeded to toll what they wore made
of, and what they actually cohU and
what they sold for at retail, proving
that tho whole buslnoss wan an out
ragoous swindle as regard price, to
way nothing of palming off on a con
fiding public as an innocent and harm
lean lotion, or powdor, a nostrum made
of dangerous and hurtful drug. The
component party of the most widely
known face powders are chalk, starch,
magnesia, biHinuth and oxide of zinc,
some of thorn being a combination of
two or moro Ingredients, while others,
and by long odds the most of them, are
nothing but French chalk pure and
simple. What the professor said was
not so much in condemnation of the
use of cosmetics as it was an expla
nation of the swindles practiced by
manufacturers.
"There are ten thousand of these
preparations," he said, "and one firm
alone in this city lists four thousand
of them." Then he read seven simple
formulas and pave the names of a half
dozen elements, and said that every
compound sold, under whatever name,
contained nothing he had not named.
This little pot," he said, holding up
a "cream." "has at present a wonder
ful reputation on the strength of the
secret formula, said to have been the
secret of famous Frenchwoman's
beauty. What is it? Common 7.ino
oxide ground in equal parts of w ater
and glycerine and perfumed with rose.
I will give you the formula," and he
did so. "It has a pretty ribbon about
it. and soils for tl-W or $1K dozen.
What docs it cost? Ten cents." Then
he showod the ladies what they were
buying when they purchased another
cream of wide reputation. "You pay
a $1..VJ for it; it is a pretty bottle and
holds eight ounces; seven of them are
pure water: tie ot her is calomel. Coot
of calomel fur a dozen bottles. .LI cents;
cost of bottles, cents; filling and
corking, 6 cents; total CG cent; retail.
$18."
Magnesia, the professor stated, is
not nearly so commonly used as is
generally supposed; it is too fluffy and
lucks adhering properties. One name
for a face powder in "flake white," and
if a lady goes iuto a drug store asking
for that article she rets nothing but
the ordinary white lead, made from
zinc, la chalk, lime is a predomina
ting feature and can not help but be
injurious to the skin. He produced
box of popular itowder that sold at re
tail at $1.80, and then said it was noth
ing but French chalk, pure and simple.
aud that one cent would be an extor-
tionate price for the amount contained
in the box.
"The danger arising from the use of
cosmetics," said the doctor, "is greatly
overdrawn. Face pi-eparatlons have
a legitimate use. atid properly used are
no more harmful than perfumes. iuc.
when present in powders, possesses
ome curative powers, and bismuth is
only slightly Injurious. Tho priuclpal
trouble is the eoutiuued application of
powders and the stopping up of the
capillaries of the face. Most face
powders are only zinc, bismuth, mag
nesia and chalk. Load and mercury
eoldom enter into them. These are
mo frequently found in washes, which
yet tholr only merit from the glycerine
or oil in which the elements are
ground. In all of them there is uo dif
ference except as to name.
Dr. Kbert had some figures which
showed that $02. 000. IKK) were spent in
America ouch year for cosmetics, of
which $26,000,000 were reinvented in
advertising, and that the remainder,
$37,000,000, was profit Chicago Her-Id.
RAVAGES OF INSECTS.
How to Apply Inmrtlolde to a to
cure I Inflatory ltemiirN,
Considerable interest has developed
lately on tho subjoct of applying insec
ticides, and it is very opportune. The
pressing need of a bettor understand
ing of methods for successfully resist
ing tho ravages of our insect enemies
crowds upon us with increased vigor
as tho rocurring seasons increase the
number and rapacity of tho foo. It
has been very evident (to close ob
servers at least) that a great part of
the work done, especially in the use of
poisonous compounds, has proved of ac
tual damage; that is, the insects them
selves would not have done moro harm
if loft alone than tho misuse of poison
did. A treatment for insects that may
do very well in a growing, productive
senson is liable to do groat harm to the
crops in an unfavorable one. To apply
poisons effectively (without doing in
jury) and cheaply, is equally of importance.
After quite an extended experience
In usinir insecticides in nearly all
wsjys. I have decided that there is only
one way in which satisfactory results
can bo reasonably expected every time,
and that is by spraying. Tolsons should
beusodin liquid form always, and ;in
applying to the foliage, to insure suc
cess, it must be broken up Into fine,
misty spray, like fog or steam. To ac
complish this desired result, there is
nothing yet made to excel the spraying
machine. It is buut on simple, me
chanical principles, and the amount of
the application can be guaged per
fectly. By the aid of one horse (or
team) and man, this machine operates
on four rows of potatoes at a time, de
livering a fine, misty spray with force.
penetrating every part of the plant and
thoroughly Impregnating the foliage
with poison (but not drenching), so
that if the larvae feed on any portion
they must get the poison. The danger
of burning the leaves Is greatly les
sened. In fact, the plant can hardly
be harmed if ordinary care is taken. I
have sprayed eighty acres of potatoes
in three dHys, using only $3.50 worth
of London purple, and in thirty-six to
forty-eight hours after the poison was
put on hardly a slug could be found
alive. Ihe expedition ana economy
with which poisons can be applied in
this way enables the grower to use
weaker solutions often, and thus
obviates all danger from doing harm
to the growing crops.
The Colorado bugs bade fair to give
us the most trouble wo ever exper
ienced during the dry season of 1887,
yet by two timely applications of Lon
don purple by spraying, we succeeded
in almost totally destroying them,
oi Bwoti, wuicu is now a gn-ator curse
to Wisconsin than all the monopolies
which prey upon the people. Tho
coming farmer will provide his wifo
all those modern appliances for doing
her work, which will make her life ono
of comfort and happiness, and lighten
her labors as much as the most modern
appliances lighten tho labors of the
farmer. The coming farmer will make
the whohs country smile under the
tillage of wisely-directed effort guided
by the intelligent thought of a well
cultivated mind, a thoroughly trained
brain. G. G. Gordon, at Wisconsin
Farmers1 Institute. ,
THE RATTLER'S RATTLE.
ONLY.
lomethlng to lle for came to th place,
Something to Slit ror, may oe.
Something to rlve evo Borrow a (tmoo.
And yet It wan only a baby'
Coolnu. and lauRbtrr, and (rurglea. and crlea,
Dlmnkw ror umdureM klwiea,
Cbaoa of lioifft. and of raptures and ilRhi.
Caaoa of foam and or bluaee.
Uwt year. Ilk all yean, tho rora and the thorn;
Tbut year a wlldernmn. may be;
But heaven stooped under the roof on the morn
That It brought there only a baby
-Harriet lYeaoott Bpoirora
JonrnalUm In Australia.
Aa affording a notion of the con
ditions of Australian life. Urn news
paper of that region are exception
ally valuable; for, especially in their
weekly editions, they- are simply en
cyclopedic. The stranger at nee, in his
ignorance, taKesan Australian weesiy
to be intended for use far out in the
country, at lonely "stations," by men
who find time, once in a wnue, to aa-
just all thew relations to me universe
at one long sitting. The reader of
such a weekly acts as a sort of father
confessor, while the editor spreads out
before him a general confession or all
the sins of mankind, from Melbourne
horse races to European complications,
in well classified order and in very
good language. All the Australian
colonies are represented in the weekly
general summaries; two or three Be-.
rial novels run itieir even courses in
the few columns allotted to each; the
endless list of colonial sports, races,
cricket matches, football games, is
duly set forth ; letters from New York,
London, runs, together wun pages oi
telegraphic foreign material, prevent
the colonial reader from being too
much absorbed in home affairs, while
these home affairs are treated in
lengthy political summaries, in long
editorials, in shorter editorial notes.
in corresK)iidcnce.
Meanwhile practical interests are
not forgotten, ihe farm, the vine-
Jard, cattle raising and mining are
iscussed ut length Dy experts. Games,
puzzles, essays, book reviews, gossip,
close the solid feast of some thirty
larcre closely printed five column
pages of actual text (exclusive of the
advertisements). Most of our terrible
Sunday papers are far outdone as to
without apparent damage to any part quantity of matter and on the whole
of the crop, at a cost of less than 50 as to quality of matter as well None
cents per acre. Including labor and or our wecKiies can nvai uiese mency
The Faculty of Memory.
The faculty of memory is the foun
dation of genius. Few, comparatively,
are acquainted with the fine machinery
of the memory, which is as capable of
being regulated and governed as tho
clock on the mantel. A celebrated
writer, whose memory was treacherous,
arranged a book with 8i." pages, to ac
commodate the days of the year, and
resolvod to recollect an anecdote for
very page as insignificant and remote
as ho was able, rejecting all anoodotes
under ten years of age, and to his sur
prise he filled every Inch of spaco. al
though until this experiment was tried
he had no oonooption of the extent of
his faculty. Wolf, the German meta
physlclau, relates of himself that by
the most persoverlng habit ho solved
his algebralo problems in bed and in
darkness, and geometrically composed
all his methods by the aid of Imagina
tion and memory. To register the
transactions of the day, with observa
tions upon them, is an exercise that
soon drifts into a habit that is as profit
able aa it soon becomes easy. It was
thus that Darwin educated himself ia
poisons for the two jobs. Isawagreat
many fields of potatoes that were al
most ruined that Reason , by , applying
poisons in a careless manner, both in
liqr.ld and powder lorm. n hen pota
toes bring 75 cents to $1 por bushel at
harvest time, it is poor policy to ruin a
crop by being short-sighted in any way.
Wetting or drenching the vines with
water alone during dry, hot weather is
a dangerous experiment, and when the
witter is incorporated with active
poisons and applied in a haphazard
manner, it is most sure to do harm.
The whole business of mixing and ap
plying insecticides should bo done in a
systematic and methodical manner.
Guess work will not pay. As Prof. W.
B. Alwood has well said, in his station
report ou Insects and Insecticides:
"lack of exactuoss in the details often
Uofoats the purpose of work with in
secticides." Defeat is tho price of
carelessness or ignorance. Cor. Ohio
Farmer.
m '
THE COMING FARMER.
lie Will lie a Man Comprteut to Hring
Fortli New Idea.
The coming fusmer is on tho way. Ho
is the new-school fn-tner, the one who
Is cut ting looso from tho ancestral way
and stepping far in advanco of his fol
lows; he is adopting and bringing forth
new ideas, putting into practice
methods which will eventually double
aud treble the productive powers of
the soil. The coming farmer will be a
man of thought as well as of brawn.
Specimens of him may bo occasionally
seen in the retired merchant who takes
up farming as a happy means of put
tiuir in his closing years. That force
of thought which gave him succoss in
mercantile life he now applies to till
lng the soil and to the various depart
ments of agriculture, and thereby
proves that thought is as profitable in
farming as in any other business. One
of the leading characteristics of the
comln? farmer is that he will be a
specialist. Ho wSl devote his efforts,
his thoughts, his whole energies to one
line of agriculture its much as the mer
chant who twenty years ago kept a
general purpose store. The inn t suc
cessful farmers of the pre.:it time are
those who are pursuing special lines,
whether in the production of dairy
products, of draft horses, road horses,
special breeds of shoep, cattle or hogs.
Tho coming farmer will scud forever to
the block tho scrub sire in all clussos
clopodic character, in well edited
many siued variety or appeal, joinea,
as is here the case, with excellence
of workmanship. The only objection
that our own badly spoiled newspaper
reader would make would be that all
this was too dry for him and too vast
For my own part, since my return
from Australia, 1 have been taking
one ot Uiese line weeklies reguiariy,
and reading, not all of it, but as much
as 1 desired and with no little pro tit
1 know no better meati9 to become ac
quainted with the drift and the forces
of Australasian life. Atlantic Month-
iy.
Quoting Scripture,
Thnt famous patent lawyer, Will
iam fc bunonus, wuo ueieaiea me
witty Bob Vance at the polls in the
Hartford district, tells a pretty good
story on himself, lie has in his em
ploy, as cook, an om coioreu woman,
who was formerly a slave. She is
vely religious, and is continually
quoting things from the Scriptures,
Tho old woman has u very excellent
voice, and sings her old plantation
songs i n llieiinmiiuoiouarKy way. une
Sunday morning she was singing away
while preparing urcaKiasi, aim Mrs.
Simonus arose and opened their room
door that they might hear her the bet
ter. When they went down to break
fast, Mrs. Siinouds remarked;
"Aunty, my husband and myself
have been enjoying your singing very
much."
The old darky looked pleased, and
saw an excellent opiMjrtunny oi quot
ing Scripture, sosho replied;
'iivv, Missy, but 1 didn't know that
I was caslin' pearls befo' swine."
Miuueao ol is Tribune.
UiiglUh aa Sli la Talked.
"Hey, Bill Whyd'ut chu kumtui
kool yistaft noon if'
"Uozzu iiauua stateom coi mum
muthcrs sick."
"Ya-as, coz yeira lier ; JimTomson
saw vou gonna lishin."
"Weill guess the doctor said mum
muther roughtto have some fish."
"Betchu didden ketch nauthiu."
"Betti caughtta bull pout that long
witha pinnook."
"Ya-as you did. Betchu ketch
somthin biggern that wen you git
toskoolntho ole teacher gitsoluo you."
"Howiunot"
"Coa Jim Tomson give youway."
(Bill weeps softly and goes off in
quest of James Tomson before seek
ing tho inevitable interview with the
toachcr. which really he does not seek,
but Quels it rather thrust upon him.
against his urgent wishes and strong
protest.) Bob liuruette,
A Cambridge Profranor Ray Ihe AtUeb-
ment la Simply Mtclianlral.
Mr. S. Garraan of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Mass., has been investigating the rat
tle of the rattlesnake. The habit of
sloughing is common to all serpents.
A short time before the removal of the
old skin takos place, the new epiderm
makes its appearance beneath the old.
The mode of growth ot the new and the
removal of the old is the same iu all
snakes, with the exception that in
those with a rattle that portion of the
slough that covers the tip of the tail is
retained to form one of the rings of
the rattle. The attachment is simply
mechanical: the rings are merely the
sloughs off the end of the tall. The
terminal bone of the tail is formed of
vertebra; that have coalesced, and
changed in great measure their shape.
In the different species tho number of
vertebrae included in this bone varies
considerably, and Sometimes it varies
in individuals of the same species.
With the purpose of indicating the
manner of growth of the rattle, and as
far as possible determine its origin,
Mr. Garman has followed up its ap
pearance ia several species, full details
of which, with figures, have been
lately published. In the very young
rattlesnake, while the vertebrae are
still separate, there is no rattle;
but about a week after birth
a well-marked button is seen.
With the first slough the first
ring is set free, the button being pushed
forward, and a third button is grad
ually perfected. In time the traces of
the vertebra; in the terminal bone are
almost obliterated. The bone becomes
thickened, pushed forward at its edges,
and otherwise enlarged. In a full-
grown rattlesnake the hinder seven of
the rings belong to the period of the
snake's most rapid growth they form
the "tapering rattle" formerly used in
classification of the species while four
t the rings and the button are formed
while the gain in size was less rapid,
and form the "parallelogrammic rat
tle" of the old classifiers. Many ser
pents besides thoso possessed of a
'crepitaculum"are addicted to making
a rattling noise by vibrations of the end
of their tails. In illustration of the
extent to which the tail has been modi
fied . in different cases, Mr. Garman
figures the tails of several species,
among others that of AncMrodon con
corlrix, Lin., the copperhead of the
United Suites. The tip of its tail is di
rected downwards as well as a little
backwards. Most often the button has
one or two swellings in a degree re
sembling those on a ring of the rattle.
A living specimen of this snake, kept
for a year or more, would take to rat
tling on the floor whenever it was irri
tated. The sound was made by the
terminal inch of the tail, this part
being swung from side to side In the
segment of a circle, so that the tip
might strike downward. The result
was a tolerable imitation of the sound
mode by a small rattlesnake. Science.
Thetenlency'bt Ttio nair is to-,
downward, and fastening up broan.8
the hair at the back of the neck. Tlu ' ,
stylos of braiding and twisting into a V
coil at the back, from which two small ,,
curls are left hanging, or of twisting
tho hair into two strands and forming
what is called tho chain-link, which
droop from tho crown of the head to
the edge of the neck, are becoming to ,
tho wearer, and do not Interfere with
tho growth of the hair. , It is better for
ladles to wear a false front than to
curl their own hair with an iron
every morning and gradually burn it
up in front. 11. Uuilmara, in ourior-
Joiu-n"1 , ;
WOMAN'S GREAT GLORY.
A Learned Halr-Drenaer Tell Ladies How
to Car for Their Hair.
Very few ladles in this country
know how to take care of the hair.
Abroad it is part of a lady's education
to know how to keep her hair, her
hands, her feet, her teeth and her com
plexion in perfect condition. The
American ladies who were educated
abroad, or who have maids to attend
them, ate almost the only ones who
give their hair the proper attention,
The rest lot it go any way, and you
will seo elegantly dressed women on
the stroot with hair broken off at the
back and sticking out in every direc
tion. Very few hair-dressers in this
country understand their business,
The onlv izood ones are thoso who
have been brought up to it and
whose fathers were hair-dressers
before them. Tho art can not bo
learned in this country; it must be
learned abroad. It is not necessary to
wash the head very ofton, if the hair Is
carefully combed and drowsed every
day. When a shampoo is ueedod,
braid tho hair, commencing about four
inches from tho head and braiding to
the ends. Then wet tho sculp and with
a sponge apply a lather mado from the
best soap that can ba obtained. After
rubbing the scalp thoroughly with the
fingers, wash the head with clean
water. Now, let the hair dry natur
ally. Do not sit by a fire or near a gas
burner, as hoat will make the hair
brittle.- It is bust to not even use a
fan, but take plenty of time for the hair
to dry. It will bo from an hour to an
hour and a half. Do not comb it or
put it up before it ia thoroughly dry.
A drop of hair oil may be used to give
it a gloss. Only the best oil should be
employed. The hair should be combed
with a tortoise shell comb, and
a brush made of horse hair should
be the only one used. Those
brushes are made expressly for the
purpose in prance and England, and
cost throe dollars each. In dressing
the hair care should be taken to avoid
straining it by doing it up too tightly.
The late style of drawing it all up on
top. ofJhe head was very injurlo:"
'. ....
ROANOKE ISLAND.
A Famou place of Kefate Converted Into
I'leaaure Keeort.
Koanoke Island, on which the firs!
white colonists made their home, is
now, by a strange turn of fortune's,
wheel, to bo mude a pleasure resort.
It is to be "improved" in the modern
meaning of the word. A great many
people will visit the island and will
find not only the ruins of the fort which
Sir Walter Raleigh's IU-fated colonists
built there, but the ruins of the fortifi
cations built nearly three centuries
later by the Confederate and Federal
forces in succession. The island has
always been an object of special in
terest. Your correspondent has gath
ered from Captain Walter Dough, th
oldest resident of the island, some facts
in its history whichhave not been made
public. The population of the island
was in 1861 about three hundred. Many
enlisted in the Confederate army and
remained in service during the war.
Even after the island was captured by
the Federal troops the natives who
were there were faithful to the Con
federacy. A marked exception was
found in three natives who piloted tho
Federal gunboats, but hunger and gen
eral destitution were the cauees. Th
battle of Roanoke Island was short but
sharp. The present Governor of North
Carolina, Daniel G. Fowlo, was capt
ured there with almost the entire regi
ment of which he was then Major.
The United States officers and troops
were very kind to the natives, and their
kindness was appreciated and recip
rocated. Yet, notwithstanding the
friendly feeling existent, not one joined
the Federal troops'.
The island was assigned as a place of
refuge for negroes, and in the spring of
1864 there were 11,000 of these who hod
sought protection from slavery. Tho
scenes on the island during all those
months were terrible, and will never
be forgotten. There were all sorts ol
potty jealousies among them, and
deaths from poisoning were of daily
occurrence. This taking of life was
allowed the wildest range. Counted
with this was an absolute disregard for
all sanitary laws. The mortality be
came so groat that in a few weeks
2,000 were buried in one great pit,
while thousands of others were burled
at other points on the island. They
were placed in trenches and lime wit
thrown upon them.
Near the residence of Captain Dough
were buried over 2,600 of the unfor
tunate colored people. Strange sights
were to be seen in that vicinity all
through the summer of 1864. What
appeared to be balls of flame arose
from the earth by hundreds, and mov
ing upward, often with great rapidity,
exploded above the tops of the tallest
trees. The scene was frightful yet
beautiful, and for months was wit
nessed. There are yet visible In the
Island hundreds of graves, many cov
ered with pines and vines. All th
headboards which marked the graves
are mingled with the earth. There:
were not a fow whito refugees on the
island and some of these are buried
there.
Tho island is about twelve miles in
length, and upon it is tho county 6ea1
of Dare County, Manteo. This wai
tho name of an Indian chief who was ,
warm friend of the white poople. Th
Legislature created tho county of Dure.'
quite recently and namod it in honrV
of Virginia Dare, tho tirst white child
born on American soil. Raleigh (N.
C.) Letter.
Manner of Retreat of Arabs.
When an Arab tribe are pursuod by
an enemy, they sleep and take their
food without ha' ting. That they may
not full from their camels whon sleep,
lng, they stretch themselves out at
length, placing their feet in a bag ott
each side of the animal's neck. Theli
food is prepared by the women. One
mounted on a camel loaded with wheat,
continues grinding with a hand-mill,
and passes tho meal to another, who u
provided with leather bott' " contain
ing water, suspended on t u:h side ol
her camel; she, having prepared the
paste, passes it to a third, who com
pletes the operation by breaking bread
in thin slices on a chafing dish, or a
portable oven, which is heated with
wood or straw, ims nrcaa, wun
portion of cheese and dates, is then dis
tributed by her to thoso whom it is her
province to feed, and the frugal meal U
finished with a draught of camel's milk.
The camels are also milked as they walk,
the men using for this purpose large
wooden bowls, which are passed front
one to another. sr. Y. Ledger.
the art of thinking. ' -r-1
r.
X