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THE SCIO TRIBUNE
Uncle Sam: Mapmaker
Th» Wiring Diagram, Giving Directions for ths Construction of a Labora
tory Type Three-Tube Receiver.
rondrnvra and other Inatrument» ar»
fastened are ’ L" aectfona cut from old
Three tube sets ar» very popular to ■toragwbattery containers. The»» con
day ; a three tube art may be «aid to tainer» ar» of hard rubber, and make
occupy th» middle poaltlaa between In- eicelimt panel material. Cut them
rxiwnalve outfits, aa for instnnra. neu- with an old wood saw. the coarse teeth
trodynea and superheterodynes
line make a better-looking job than If a
of th» reasons for lhe popularity of hacksaw ia uaed. In finishing. th»
the three tul>» set to Its reasonable edges should I m > aqnarati with a filo,
cost, and another to that most three- and the aide» amoothed with fine sand-
tube sets will operate a loud «(•raker Iisper. Anally polishing with oil.
Th« wiring diagram show» th» ttire»
To do thia th» ordinary three-tubs art
Bars a regrnrrfitlv« detector and two tubes uaed In parallel. on that they ar»
audio amplifiers A more recent ten run from a sing!» Mx-ohm rheoatst.
dency, however, to toward radio fre Thia art uses the regular fivnvolt
quency ampltfirr*. The primary cause (storage battery) tubes. Th» type 30
for thia tendency Is that there to no detector la a very sensitive tub», snd
troublesome rvgrnerntlv» howl spread th» 2i)l a amplifiers ar» among th»
throughout th» neighborhood of th* beat on the market at present. Clarity
receiving set. and a secondary cause Is 1» secured by using only 4ft volts on
the theoretical knowledge that greater th» radio amplifier, and th» loud
dlatanc« to iHiaelble with a radio than ■peaker power Is obtained by loading
with an audio etag« of amplification. the audio tube to Its full capacity—as
I'o !•• perfectly fair. It must b» ad much as I3u volts of “B" battery msy
mitted that practical tests seem to safely hr used with a corresponding
■how that audio amplification gives ”C” battery of proper sis»; for 130
greater volume on the nearer stations volts of "B" use a 4 <4-volt ~C" bat-
but will not bring In the far ones; tery
To Add Fourth Tub»,
while on the other hand radio ampltfl
As already mentioned, thia set wa«
ration gives consistent clearness snd
distance
The main difficulty with a designed mainly for clarity on all ata-
one step radio frequency amplifier to tiona using headphones If loud-speak
to get power enough to operate a loud er volume la wanted for all stations,
»l-eaker with only two other tubeai another audio amplifier can t>e added.
after hearing the distant station
By The transformer should have a lower
using ■ eultabl» audio transformer It ratio than th« on» atiggcatcd for th«
to iKtaalble U get satisfactory loud first audio stag»—a four to on« Is a
•peaker volume on the nearer stations good ratio for th» second audio ampll-
By th» addition of thto audio
with on» stag» of audio amplification, I fi«r
loud
speaker
operatton
though It often seems to b» rath»r I amplifier
weak on other station« Th» greatest should !•» (wiealbl« at all times. Th»
advsntag» is that much h-as noise will ■eparat» worklug of all tubes tends to
com« through a net which la equipped i make It easier to operate than a re
with a radio amplifier, and at the asm» flexed four-tutw aet.
tlm» tb» dlatanc» to undeniably great 1
No provision was made on th» board
er if clear reception to wanted at all I for a meter, but the tine of either a
tlrnea, the loud speaker should tie uaed voltmeter or ammeter to strongly rac-
for th» nearest station« and phones ommended
Th» detector tut»» to es
for distance; this to a good typ» of pecially critical, and it will be moat
three-tub» set to build. Of cvmrae. an sensitive when five volts ara supplied
oth»r tutw may be added later, but th» to IL If a 2OO-tube to used ao sug
main part of the set remains unal gested. ei|>ertment with th« "B" bat-
tered
Th» following description to tery voltage ; sometimes a lower value
that of th« three tub« set
This act. may b« t^etter than 22%. The writer
then, uses a radio amplifier for die had one new 2tx)(ub« that became
lane», a regenerative detector for paralysed with any voltag« over Ifi.
maximum volume from th« detector, and worked t>eat at 16% volte After
•nd J
a ait
to-on» high-quality audio thto tube had been In use for several
six toon»
transformer for loud speaker opera- mouths I I m gaa content changed, and
tion.
an Increased output of satisfactory
Eliminât«« lnt»rf»r»nc»
quality could be obtained by using
Having tii» radio amplifier connected 10% volts. To be sura the correct “B"
to th» antenna circuit »Umlnat«» tb» detector voltag» to being used, tun» la
troubl»aome local InterfYrrnra which oe aome station and try aeveral "B"
to associated with moat regeneratlv» values on that on» static*—retualng
receivers. A further Improvement ov»r If ueceaaary each time a change la
tb» alngl» regenerative set to noticed mad»-and use th» "B" voltage that
In regard to the amount of static ra- seems t<est
ralv«d when a radio amplifier to uaed
Winding th» Celle.
This may t>» explained by aaying that
Foor of th» flv» colls ar» wound la
there era two separate tuned circuits; th« well known "basket" typ». around
flrat the radio amplifier; and second, 11 splkea aet evenly spaced on a
the detector circuit Ntatlc, a mor» or Inch circle. Two coils of fit) turns ua»d
leas untuned ether disturbance, la with low loas UOOSS mfd condensers
forced to travel through two toned form the two main tuning units An
circuits before being audible, and a untuned antenna circuit coll of 30
great deal of It to theraby filtered out. turns to wound in th» asm» fashion,
because tuned circuits respond poorly and a plat» coll of 20 turns fvwds ths
to wave» to which they ar» not tuned radio energy Into th» detector tnb» cir
It 1» distinctly noticeable that static cuit. If a long antenna to used. It may
Is lean botberaom» with this set than prove advisable to us» »a antenna coll
with a regular ragenerattva detectoe.
of 1ft turaa A complete list of colls
Regeneration la uaed on nearly all ■ ad coodensera. lettered th» sam« aa
stations but som» local stations com« th» wiring diagram, together with
In with such volume that regeneration other apparatus 1a given below:
to not Beeiled. and thto control to then
Cell and elrewlt
Tara» wirs. wind •
I» 1» one Baa Set
merely left unused—or tb» regenera Lt Aatsana
Radio ampL arid •s is tute Haakai
tion dial may be rotated backward no LI
U l>»t»ctor grid
44 jo i>nc Baek at
aa to oppose tb» field of tb« roll from L4 Radio atn»L »1st» >4 is one Bae «st
which It feeds, thereby making a LA TUkl»r
45 IS DSC it** th
Co«d»>» r A circuit. Kind a capacity
smooth volume control for nearby pow
Cl Rad amyl t a'g Cardw»ll
•
sesti mtd
erful stations
C< Potoctor taa • Cardwoll
By R
>u AZJWC T . . « »7?^ ■
a i *
7
Temple Act Provides
For Completion of
Topographical Survey
fc 2D Years '
t
By
I»-’-'
•
JOHN
DICKINSON
SHERMAN
1.TH auppo«» you are an
able bodied young Amerl
can of Hie mate sex who
wouldn't object to a vaca
tion next summer with all
your et|>en»es paid and
wages thrown In for good
measure That being the
case, you should get In
tourh with Uncle Ham at
Washington. 1». O. Uncl»
flam, doubtless, will Insist
upon calling thia vacation
a job at map making with the geologl
cal survey. But don't let tb» d<-ar old
gentleman khl you.
Why, you'll go away off to som»
wild bit of country and cook at a
campflra and rat bacon and lieans and
flapjacks off tin plates and sleep in a
tent and bathe In a stream and fish
•nd hunt and climb mountains Or
inayl»», Instead of climbing mountains,
you'll go deep Into some great forest
where II a cool and dark and silent
ami the giant trees meet overhead,
with just a gllmpae of th» blue of th»
Mayb» you'll travel by dog sled
•ky
over anow Maybe you'll paddlr down
a swift stream between canyon walla
And maybe. If you stick long enough,
you'll do all of these things and murr
MB
And th» surveyors don't make map«
In rainy weather, they can't,
And
rainy days are when th» fish bite beet
And when the woods ar» wet la just
th« time to-aialk deer Why. I knew
on» surveying camp that had lh» most
remarkable adventure with a grtasly —
but that's another story and too long
to tell here il»alth. strength, an ap
petite that would "put a soul under
ths ribs of I>eath." dreamless sleep, ad
venture th» Joy of "seeing what's be
yond th» next ridge" why. If these
aren't vacation joys, what ar» they?
And between yon and ma these
topographer» of t'ncle Ram believe In
taking things as easy aa they can and
do their job right. George Washing
ton. when he was surveying foe lx>rd
Fairfax In Virginia, uaed to work
straight aero«» country, taking things
aa they came
But the topographic
engineers of tlieae latter days can put
It all over Georg» Washington aa a
surveyor. You see. they hsv« new
fangled Instruments and methods. Ro
they just cllmh the nearest mountain
—If there ta on»—and map th» sur
rounding country from Ila top.
Why, the»» topographical engineer»
are so fond of thia sort of map making
that Unci» Ram picked out as their
boa» a man of the name of Blnkeye
And h«'a mad« good on hla name too
I haven't any idea of hto mountain
record, but I do know that as far back
an 1912 be explored end mapped the
rrater of Kilauea la Hawaii National
park. Thia great volcano has been
I'OBtlnnonaly active for more than a
I
-entury and In It» crater to llalemau-
mau—Iwk» <>f Kverlaatlng Fira—
where dwells I'ele. Hawaiian Goddess
of Fir». And th» next year this Birds-
ey»—-probably to get cooled off -«ur
v»yed and mapped th» top of Mount
Rainier. In Mount Rainier National
park, which to on« hug» Icecap with
■ snowbank for a mimmlt, 1A4BR feet
up In th» air. But h» doran't confin»
himself to mountains. Two year» ago
led an expedition by boat through
the Grand canyon of the IXdorado. oh.
y«»: they hart a boat or two. had
gorgeuua adventures and narrow re
caps*; altogether It waa a most sat la-
factory map making
Ro. you see. Uncle Sam'» map
makers actually get paid for hating convenient site sections each covering
mor» fun than anybody. Nevcrthe- a "quadrangle" of ground The e<lgee
lesa. It's a poor question that hasn't of each map J<»ln on with exactness
to those of adjoining quadrangles And
two sides and—
Unci» Sam sells these Incomparable
In reality this topotfrftphlml •tirvey
of the Uniteal Blates to a tremendous quadrangle» at 10 cents »ach retail
and d cents wholesale]
ly big and Important job. It's ao big
This topographic map. which at flrat
that after nearly fifty years of work
glsnc« of the uninitiated appears to
It isn't half finished. It's SO important
that the Hlxty eighth congress yielded be a map obarured by a inaaa of Ir
regular reddish brown tinea, is of tre
to a popular demand and agreed to
mendous value to the country. F«r
appropriate the necessary funds to fin
toll the Job In twenty years. And thia Is an ago of construction Irri
gallon, drainage, waterpower, roads,
here's Ilia why and wherefore of It:
etc., etc.H And the topographic mat»«
The g<vilog|<-al survey to charged
do away With (hr necessity of S|>eclal
“under direction of tb» secretary of surveys,
Th» fanner. |hr example,
th« interior with the classification of can tell
whether a drain«re ditch la
th« public lands and th» examination feasible.
So that th» engineering conn
of th« geologic structure, mineral re
ril, representing practically all of the
sources and mineral products of th»
engineers of the country, led a popu
national domain In conformity with
lar campaign for th« completion of th»
this authorisation th« geological sur
survey, with the result that th» Tem
vey has been engaged tn making a pie act became law.
geologic map of th« United States and
Though thia to|>ographic survey has
Alaska. Involving both to|x>grsphlc
been in progress sine» laTV. cougres
and geologic surveys . .
■l>>nal appropriations have been woe
Georg» Otto Smith to director of tb» fully Inadequate In 1H21. for esam
geological survey. 11» la a geologist ple, only 425 engineer» and th»lr as
of not» and a man of affairs. 11» was slstanta were making map»; they cov
born In Main» In INTI. 11» la a col ered 12411 equars miles of territory,
lege man. has th« right to wear tb» only about •15.000.ntM> have been
Phi Beta Kappa key that denotes spent In 40 years. Under th» Tempi»
acholarahlp and can writs after hla
act congreea Is expected to appropri
name: A B. A. M. Ph. 1», Sc D. ate frlm •l.floo.ooo to W tMSi.OOO a year
and I.I., O. 11» to a member of many Moreover there Is a provision by
scientific societies and the author of
which states and municipalities may
government reports, of papers and ad- cooperate to »peed up th» wort; such
dresses and of a book or two. 11» has out side contributions this year total
been director etnc» 1007. with th» ex- about •4<M>.flflO About »>000.000 will
ceptlon of 1922 23. when h» was • be needed to complete th» survey,
member of th» United Htatrs coal
IHrector Smith and Colonel Birds
commission
eye have a big job ahead of them
The geological survey has several The gross area of continental United
divisions and branches, among which Ktates la fl 020.7« square miles;
la th» to|M>grapblc branch, of which Alaska contains WWl. 4flfl square miles
Col. C. H Birdseye la chief topo About 4ft per cent has been mapped--
graphical engineer. He was born In •ee map reproduced by courtesy of
New York stats In 1F7K 11» to a col the Scientific American Magncin»—of
lege man. After post graduate work which about IS per cent will hav» to
and servlc» aa university Instructor he l>e remapped because of th» um of too
did several years of field work 11» has small a scale. Th» standard maps ar»
been with th» survey since nag) eg. on th» seal» of on» mile to on» Inch
cept during hto World war service, on» Inch <>n paper to «2,.Vk> inches of
•nd took hla present poaitlon In 1019. country
The completed map. If all
The Importance of th« completion th» quadrangle» were put In plsra.
of the topographic survey Ilea la th» would cover about on» acre
fact that th» geological survey's
Uncle flam must hav» had a aort of
standard topographic map to th» only "prophetic hunch" when h» picked out
accurst« map
Moreover, It to tn ef ( <>4on»l Btrdsere Why? Becans» tn
fect an exact model In miniature of th» past forty sig years the topo
ths country It rnprsssnta It contains graphic engineers hav» walked about
all that does th» ordinary map; In ad io, non. non mil»»—which would h»
dition It abowa every physical feature mor» than 400 times around th» earth.
represented to exact arale and every But th» topographic engineer of th*
•Itttud» to 1nd1<~at»d by th» contour ftitura wfll likely do much of hla map-
Tbeae tuap* ar» published Lu Ung by photography from simian» I
C. HITCHCOCK. In N»w York
Hsraid-Tnbun».
SSSIS »ft
The set moontcl on a board, which
ta addition to being lea» expensive,
eliminates the dielectric loaaea of a
long pan»l and Its incioMng cabinet
Bare tinned copper wire la need for
wiring the tin protects th» wlr» from
oxidation end rorroeion wblcb event
ually make poor connectlona of bara
copper wire As th» wire to bara It Is
air Insulate«!, and thto reduraa tb» di
electric l<>aae» which ar» always pres
ent with covered »Ires Th» “A* bat
tery leads, not carrying critical radio
current« arv heavy rubber -covered
stranded »Ires taeksd down to th»
board out of th» way.
Tb» Individual panels on which th»
Ct Orld
Ct By»ss»
Mirs fliod SSSIS ant4
Mica fliod
SSS1 ait«
other As»»ratw»
Awdlo transf 4:1 rati«
Uo rUU
Orta leak
t t megohm»
Rnaoaial
4 ohms
Boekala
Pores tala
Hvy •srlags
Boost Regeneration
If sets which uao a variometer t»
tune the plat» circuit fall to regetierata
on th» higher wave lengths a 25 to 35-
tura honeycomb may b» placed In
series with th» variometer to lncraaas
th» Inductance. It la. in »mu cases
st least, preferable to loading with a
roodenaer In shunt with th» rartom».
»