HOW UNCLE SAM TRAINS MEN
FOR THE AVIATION CORPS
Army Schools Aro Speeding Up
Work to Supply Filers for
Now Army.
SCHOOLING MOST THOROUGH
Pick of the Land Intellectual! and
Phyalcally la the Raw Material of
the Field Plrat Taught Mechan
lea and Work Gradually Up to
Difficult Feata In Flying.
Now York. Undo Hum' new nrmy
IIIUNt hnvo tho licit nvlntorii In tint
world. Till in tliu order Hint hits
coiiiii from WiiNhliiKtoii, mill Iho nrmy
achooU tliroiiKliotit tlio country tiro
striving to curry It out.
Tlirru nru sunny obstacles rind dls
couniKviiii'iitH, flint ncotit iiliiiica are
nluiONt iioii-cxlteut this nIiIii of
tlio Atlantic, hut tlio Htiiudiird already
rt'nclii'il in en ii n iih vnnt advance.
A trip out to tlio big government
flying hcIkmiI on llempxteiid I'ImIiih,
nciir Mlueoln, I. I., show n scene of
hustling nctlvlty, ii hochlvo of Indus
try, which bus apecded up oven over
ltd former strenuous pneo In llio hut
fuw tlnyit.
At tlio cntrmice to tint field n stnl
wnrt private, mi iiiitomutlc on Iiltt
hip, chnllcngeK the visitor mid north
Unties cloNcly tho pitpern shown. A
step throuuh Iho pito disclose In
side tho feneo n Hccne to rojolco the
henrt of tho small boy n viiHt ex
puno, on which grent ineclinnlciil tnl
ouih purr mnl Mdp, now rising Into
tho cloud mid now descending
Hwlftly mnl gracefully to tho level
turf.
Framing tho picture ore row of nlr
ptnno sheds, or hmigiir, barracks, urn
chlno shops, nfllces mill other roiiKh
buildings which liuve mostly been
knocked Into shape. In tho hint few
weeks.
.Scored of fctuilents nnd snechn
iilcliinx hustle nroiiiid mid over tho
winged iiKinxterx, oiling, plying the
wrench, milking tent mid seeking the
Hllnhtent thiw, for every Hying inn
chluo miiNt lilwnya ho In tho top notch
of condition.
Pick of the Land There.
War will prolmlily hoou cliunge tho
conditions hero In miiuy ways Indeed,
nomo dlfforenceii are iilremly notlccithlo
from ponco dnys. Hut moHt of tho stu
dents urc Mill pnylng their wny and
not n smnll prlco either. After puss
Inn IiIk flying te.it u student muct turn
over n $500 tuition feo mid $.'100 more
In duo on Until exiimtmitlon. Tho stu
dent must weigh not more thiiu 100
pounds stripped, mid "must fiirnlHh evl
denco of having u college education
und to of good moral chiirnctcr."
Tho pick of tho limit Intellectually
nnd physically Ih tho raw material of
tho tie hi. Out of Mich promising nov
ices Undo Sum miikeH finished bird
men In threo months mid now even
thin hrlof training period nifty ho cut
down.
Tho captain In command of iho
Held explains tlio con rue of lustruc
(Ion: "After the Mudcnt linn pnsscd hid
preliminary phyHlcnl examination mid
bus Imil tho mechnulHin of tho sun
chlilo drilled Into hlin, wo turn him
over to mi liiHtructor, who taken him
up on n Joy rldo an n passenger. Ho
goes up nhout II.'HX) foot tho first
time. When ho becomes, during huc
cexMvo flights, ncetwtonW to the
Hwlft rush of tho lit r aloft, so dis
concerting t" tho novice, ho Ik per
mitted to linudlo tho controls hluiHctf,
litit tlio Instructor Is thero to correct
nny errors very promptly.
7,000 IN CELLARS TWO YEARS
Civilian Population of Lens Forced to
Oulld Roada by the Qerman
Invaders.
iinriH,nefvcon 7,000 und 8.000 of
tho Inhabitants of Lens, which Is In
tho occupied territory of France, hnvo
remained thero and lived In their cel
lars for moro than two years, says
Kilo Ilcumnux, mantiRer of tho coal
mines there, who has Just arrived In
I 'oris. Tho former population of Lens
wns 40,000.
All tho cellars in tho town, M. Ilcu
mnux soyB, hnvo boon urmorcd with co
mcnt by Uio Genniyis, bo thnt they con
Btlluto so many llttlo fortroascH. Tho
cntlro civilian population Is obliged to
work at road mending and railroad
building.
Tho coal mlnoe of Lens, which aro
among tho most Important of tho re
gion of tho Pub do Calais nnd pro
duced 20,000,000 tons a yenr beforo tho
war, hato bcou Idlo elnco tho Invasion
and twvo uufforod Immcnso damage,
Uo0m Is lKK) mllM lone.
"In turn ho Is passed from ono to
another of tho Instructor!! until four
hnvo hud him, mid then they mako
four separate reports on him. After
(hat wo begin his training ' real
eiirnent, as wo hnvo learned then
whether ho Is cut out to bo an nvl
nlor. Training Is Thorough.
"Wo havo found thnt n student can
not assimilate moro Hunt half an
hour's lesson aloft In n day; thnt Is,
ho does not profit by a longer lesson.
Ho when ho comes down Im Is put
to work at tho mechanic of tho Job,
dismantling and nsscmbllng his en
gine, detecting trouble, making such
repairs its ho might bo called on to
miike If ho hud to descend for cauno
during a flight. Wo give him text
hooks on motors, too, mid something
about iicrn-dyiinmlcM, and tench him
how to observe the earth an It tiles
under him.
When tho young nvlntor Is com
petent to handle his machine ho Is
Introduced Into moro complicated
work, scouting nnd maneuvering.
Tor liislnuco, on a recent dny n
motorcnr wan sent on n devious ten
mllo Journey over llttlo frequented
Iong Island ronds. Its top wns broad
ly striped In black nnd white, but oth
erwise It could not ho told from tho
tens of thoiomuds of other enrs which
nro coiiHtuntly on the move over the
Inland.
"Twenty-four nrmy alrplnnes went
up to seek the car. Twenty-ono left
Where Aviation
hero nnd threo enmo from tho gov
ernment school nt Governor Island,
Now York city.
'Tho car with tho striped top repre
sented the head of nn enemy convoy.
Tho airmen wero to detect tho bend
of tho supposed column whllo the Int
ter was still far from Its objective, tho
aviation fluid, for there must bo tlmo
to mako the Imaginary artillery attack
upon It effective.
Problems Easily Solved.
Tor tho problem tho mnp of Ixng
Island near the flying Held wnH di
vided Into 21 sectors, ono being given
to each scout. Tho lucky man who
found the car whirred back to tho field
In short order and Mlneola wns
"saved."
In another problem threo Fust L. W.
F. tractors wero sent to n fur distant
point, which wns not disclosed to tho
students, and there Bout up as scouts
of an enemy bent upon taking photo
graph of the Mlueoln field. The stu
dents were to locato these machines
mid drive them back by heading them
off. They did this with ease.
Not all tho feats attempted work
out well, bociuiHo real swift machines
aro Inching. Tho slower machines do
not stand up so well In u gule, al
though otherwise easier to mnnage.
It Is understood tho fastest machines
now at tho Held nro tho L. W. F.
tractors, capable of 05 miles an hour.
Hrltlsh nnd French scouts mnko 135
THE FLAG
Dy KENNETH MAC DOUQAL.
Tho din it cast, tho tlmo hns come,
Tho onulo Bcrenms onco more.
The Stars nnd Stripes again Mmll
wuvo
Upon n forolKn shore.
f Ilehlnd the Wag of freedom.
f a ......... i i .. .. .......
Jt To crush tho I'rumitnn onKlo,
ino penco oove urins again.
Itoglmon brlxnilo, division
And corps pass smartly by I
Preislnit to crush oppression,
That the flag o( right may ay.
Men who wero known as hvnhens.
Ilusslans, ,Frenchmon, lads from
Germans, Austrlans, Italians,
Are Americans again.
To tho flnir, tlionl o the president!
A toast! Wo'ro In tho right I
Forward, march! We'll show the
Prussian
That we're not too proud to fight.
A ml nunrlso, with clouds lowering
later tn tho 'norntas, Indicates rain.
nnd l.'W miles nn hour. Tho now Mo-rnlne-Knulnler,
according to Miss Iluth
Law, tho flying woman, mnkes 150
miles mi hour. Airplanes much slow
er nro useless on tho western Euro
pean bnttlo front.
Htudcutn start learning to fly at
Mlueoln on tho poky J. N. Curtlss bi
plane, which go at tho mi nil's pace of
75 miles an hour.
However, It Is taken for grnnted (hut
tho deficiency In fast machines will
soon bo remedied. All the art of air
plane building tho French nnd Hrltlsh
havo learned In nearly three years of
wnrfnro will be placed at the (llnposnl
of tho now ally. OunmlsHlons of
Anglo-French flying men and builders
will nsslst tho United Htntcs nrmy In
manufacturing mid tench tho latest
tricks of tho trndo to our aviators.
What They Mutt Do.
Tho Mlneola school Is otllclnlly nn
aviation section of the nlgnnl ofllccrs
reserve corps. Chilian volunteers en
ter an sergeants and become lieuten
ants In tho reservo on punning their
examinations. These "exams" aro not
to bo sniffed nt. Here nro soino pf
tho things tho young collegian must
do:
Ho must climb out of a field 2,000
feet square and attain nn altitude of
500 feet whllo keeping nil parts of
his mnchlno within the so, an re; ho
must cut off his motor nt n height of
1,000 feet and land within 200 feet of
n designated point; ho must lnnd over
nn nssutned obstacle ten feet Idgh
Is Taught
nnd como to rest within 1,500 feet of
It; ho must fly for 45 minutes at an
altitude of 4,000 feet-
"Tho psychology of this flying busi
ness bo fur as tho students are con
cerned," snys tho commandant of tho
field, "Is a singular thing. In con
sidering it you must put fear out of
tho reckoning. Tho students are
never frightened. Tho fact of tho
mntter Is thnt they go Into It think
ing thnt It's a daredevil Job. Then
they go up nnd they'ro disappointed
It Isn't tho daredovlltry they
thought at all. So what do they do?
They tend to go to tho other ex
treme right nwny nnd wo hnvo to
keep them from killing themselves
with sheer recklessness. Wo hnvo to
tench them with every ounce of nbll
Ity wo possess that If they mako tho
ono slip tjiey seem determined to
mnko It will be tho very lust slip
they'll ever make." 1
Bible Stops a Bullet
Follnnsbee, W. Vn. Rev. Arthur C.
Palmer, Freo Methodist minister here,
owes his life to his Bible. This de
veloped when ho turned over to tlio
police several threatening communica
tions piomlidni' to "get him sure" if
ho does not censo his efforts to reform
the city. Itov. Mr. Palmer wns shot
from atnbush as n result of theso
threats, tho bullet lodging In his Bible,
which ho carried under his arm.
TOWN WITH THREE NAMES
Queer Situation Arises and of Mix-
Up In Locating a New Town In
t Kansas.
Hutchinson, Kmu Tho pnsscngei
who gets oft tho train nt lien Allen,
n now town in Logan county, needs to
mnko Btiro that ho Is not seeing doublo
or triple, for lien Allen, although with
less thnn 200 Inhabitants, has throo
rnilwny depots.
Moreover, ench of tho threo depots
bears tlio nnmo of u different town.
It nil happened as a result of a mix
up lu trying to start n now town when
tho Scott City Northern railway
was built through Logan oounty on
Its'wny from Scott City to Wlnonn.
Two towns sprung up, ono unnied
ICoystono nnd nnothor dirlstcned El
Kndor, Lutor tho two towns wero
merged nnd consolidated on a now
town Blto nnmed Bon Allen, In honor
of tho chief engineer who surveyed
tho routo ucross tho country. So tliroo
depots now stand at Don Allco, each
bearing a different town nutate
FOOD DRIVE IS BEGUN
Director of Extension Service Seeking
Co-operation of Every Farmer
to Increase All Products.
Portland Headquarters for tho big
food drive to bo made by nil Oregon
producers hnvo been established at C13
Oregon building, nnd Professor It. I).
Ilctzel, director of tho Oregon Agri
cultural College extension service, is
In charge of tho campaign. He naid
tho work was started officially Wed
nesday of visiting and organizing tho
farmers throughout tho state and
bringing their earnest efforts to bear
upon tho threatened shortago of oil
kinds of foodstuffs.
Tho workers who met in convention
here went into the country to take
charge of tho work in the various
farming districts. Ten organizers
were sent to tho outside cities and
thero are already GO people in tho Held
getting tho work under way. Mr.
Hutzel feels every phaso of the Btate
work will bo covered thoroughly in the
campaign now being started.
The men now in the field arc direct
ed to determine first of all what the
farmers require in order to produce
tho greatest possible acreage of all
sorts of foodstuffs, bs well as the max
imum of animals and poultry. Then
will go forward the enlisting of labor,
of machinery and seeds to meet their
requirements.
FOOD EXPERT COMES TO U.S.
New Chairman of Food Board to Arrive
From England Soon.
New York Herbert C. Hoover, re
cently chosen as chairman of the Amer
ican food board, is on his way from
England on an American ship and will
arrive hero within a few days, it is
announced by tho American commis
sion for relief in Belgium. After
conferring with members of the com
mittee here, Mr. Hoover will be pre
pared to go to Washington to assume
his new position. So far as is known
by the men here who have been asso
ciated with him in the relief work
Mr. Hoover has no intention of aban
doning tho chairmanship of the Belgian
commission, although it is expected
that the executive work will be carried
on by other members, including W. S.
Honnodl, relief director in America.
NORTHWEST MARKET REPORT
Wheat Bluestem $2.73
Forty fold 2.68
Club 2.67
Ked Russian 2.66
OatsNo. 1 white ?53.00
Barley No. feed 53.00
rnltln Steers. nrime...S 9.75rtM1.25
Steers, good 9.50 9.75
Steers, medium U.00 9.50
Cows, choice 8.50 9.00
Cows, medium 7.75 8.25
Cows, fair 7.007ffi 7.50
Heifers 6.50 9.00
Bulls 5.50(03 S.00
Calves 8.0010.00
Hogs Packing ?16.4515.85
Rough heavies 14.6015.00
Pigs nnd skips 1-1.0014.50
Stock hogs 12.5014.00
Sheep Wethers $ 9.7512.00
Ewes 9.0011.00
Lambs 10.2513.50
Flour Patents, $12.20.
Millfeed Spot prices: Bran, ? 11
per ton; shorts, $44; rolled barley,
$59; rolled oats, $58.
Corn White, $72 per ton; cracked,
$73.
Hay Producers' prices: Timothy,
Eastern Oregon, $2630 per ton; val
ley timothy, $2224; alfalfa, $23;
vnlloy grain hay, $1S19.
Butter Cubes, extras, 34Jc per
pound; primo firsts, 33Jc. Jobbing
prices: Prints, extras, 36 jc; cartons,
lc extra; buttcrfnt, No. 1, 37c; No.
2, 35c.
Ecrirs Ranch, curront receipts, 31i
32c per dozen; selects, 33c.
Poultry Hens, iuuc per pouna;
broilers, 35c3Sc; turkeys, 2223c;
ducks, 22(n24c; geese, 1316c.
Veal Fancy, 1414Jc per pound.
Pork Fancy, 19c per pound.
Vegetables Artichokes, 85c $1
per dozen; tomatoes, $2.753.25 per
opnto! rnhhaire. Softie ner pound: eire-
plant, 25c; lettuce, $1.852.25; cu
cumbers, $1,250(11.75 per dozen; cei
ory, 75c$1.25; cauliflower, $1.50
1 7K nor ernto! iioiuiors. 45tfi)50c tier
pound; rhubarb, 26c; peas, 5Glc;
asparagus, 812Jc; spinach, $1.25 per
box.
Potatoes Buying prices, $3.75 per
hundred.
r.renn Fruit Strawborries. $1.50
porcrato; npplos, 85c$2.50 per box.
Hops 1916 crop, 3tc per pounu;
1917 contracts, nominal.
Wnnl Eastern Orecron. fino. 35c ner
pound; coarso, 4044c; vnlloy, 40
45c; mohair, 65c.
Cascara Bark Old and now, 78c
per pound.
STATE NEWS 5
IN BRIEF. I
A truckload of mohair was sold in
Corvnllia Saturday to Walter H. Kline
for more than $3000. It was auctioned
off and brought 66 cents a pound.
While Southern Pacific reports indi
cate a steady decline in the car short
age from April 28, when the lato peak
of 1157 was reached, to 909, reported
Saturday, tho Public Service commis
sion still is besieged with complaints.
Governor Withycombe has tele
graphed to R. N. Stanfieid, represent
ing the State Council of Defense at
Washington, asking him to urge Secre
tary of War Baker that steps be taken
to prohibit enlistments from the rural
districts.
Governor Withycombe has been ad
vised by Attorney General Brown that
members of the Third Oregon Infan
try, who are in the state on Monday,
Juno 4, will be allowed to vote on
matters pertaining to state affairs to
come up at the special election.
With labor scarce, appropriations
materially decreased and demands for
wages soaring, state institutions con
front a decidedly serious situation, ac
cording to reports made to the State
Board of Control by practically every
one of the heads of such institutions.
An 5ntridt5ntr rellf nt thn nnst in
the shape of an old American flag has
just been hung in the dining room of
tne mot uutte inn at uena ine nag
is one given by General Ulysses S.
Grant to William T. Birdsall, father of
W. C. Birdsall, manager of the inn,
and bears only 38 stars, indicating its
age.
At the meeting of the Medford city
council this week, Mayor Gates launch
ed a vigorous campaign to stop all
forms of gambling in Medford. The
city executive said that a charity pa
tient whom he had befriended recently
lost $4.50, which was all the cash he
had, in a game of poker at a local pool
room.
The monthly report of the Industrial
Accident commission for April shows
receipts for the month amounting to
$77,937.29, and disbursements of $83,-
189.35. Cost of administration during
tho month was $4121.66. The com
mission had a total balance of $950,
947.72 with the state treasurer on
April 30.
The State Highway department may
use funds available in the treasury out
of the $300,000 derived from the one
fourth mill tax to complete' contracts
entered into before the present com
mission went into office, according to
an opinion by Attorney General
Brown, sent to State Highway En
gineer Nunn.
The Beuhner Lumber company at
North Bend announces a straight in
crease in wages for its employes of the
logging camps and mills of 25 cents
per day, which places the minimum for
men at $2.75, effective May 1. The
company had this raise under consider
ation for some time past and it is the
first advance above wages generally
current in the best-paying companies.
The order applies to nearly 375 men.
Sheridan has. to date, sent 62 young
men to the army and navy.
According to statements that devel
oped at a meeting of the State board
of control recently tho penitentiary
brick plant may be closed down after
the governor takes charge of the pris
on this month.
The Sunset Woolen Mill at Bandon,
a newly-incorporated local stock com
pany composed of 60 business men,
has completed arrangements for the
opening of tho old Bandon Woolen
Mills plant, nnd operations will com
mence in about three weeks. It will
employ between 40 and 60 persons.
Officers of four California cement
companies that had been included in a
Federal indictment against members
of tho so-called "cement trust," charg
ing illegal combination to apportion
territory and control prcies, in behalf
of tho companies enter pleas of guil
ty beforo Federal Judge Wolverton tn
Portland.
After waiting a number of months
to ascertain what tho Eugene Chamber
of Commorce would do as to the pur
chase of flaxseed from the state, and
after rejecting a number of offers
from outside pebple, the State board
of conrtol has found that Eugene does
not want tho seed and that tho offers
made from other sources are now
closed.
Several of tho largo logging camps
and mills in tho Clatskanio vicinity are
in receipt of tho "red hand" postcards
which hnvo been sent broadcast
throughout tho lumber industry of tho
Northwest since Saturday.
Tho Bakor Red Cross organized last
Wednesday already has 77 members.
A campaign for 1000 members by June
1 is being launched and those at the
head of tho movement expsct havo
ono of tho strongest chapters in the
state.