FASHION IOTOBMATIOW.
Children' Fashions in Some Instances Will Remain the Same as
Last Year.
SECRETARY TO THE PRESIDENT.
Fred W. Carpenter, Who Is Mr.
Taft'a Illuhl Hand Man.
The seereta ry to the president of tin?
United States ImH nparly as much pow
er as a cabinet niomln r nml more than
many of them, writes n Washington
correspondent. He lias a potential op
portunity to rise, witness George Hruce
Cortelyou, who went from the presi
dential secretaryship to the postmaster
generalship and fhen to the nil Import
ant folio of the treasury. Witness also
William Loeb, Jr., whose future has
bothered President Taft's advisers more
than any other single man beeuuse It
was a foregone conclusion that Hoose
velt's secretary must land In a sub
stantial berth. And because Loeb
couldn't be made secretary of the navy
owing to previous mortgages he Is
now headed toward the collectorshlp of
the port of New York, which Isn't a
bad direction to bo going toward, since
it pays a fat stipend and since It was
Chester A. Arthur's stepping stone to
the vice presidency, which In turn, was
a Stepping stone to the presidency.
Loeb has a right to hope to bo presi
dent. Cortelyou has a very dear ex
pectation on the same subject. Where
fore the latest presidential timber to be
projected Into the limelight -presidential
timber bocnuse of the Job he Is to
hold Is Fred W. Carpenter. Carpen
ter may bo a cabinet member, too,
pretty soon. It is quite a habit. Cleve-
mi
FRttD W. CAKrENTF.B.
land started It when he raised Daniel
B. Lamont to the secretaryship of war.
No appointment In the new presiden
tial regime will bo more generully sanc
tioned then that of Fred W. Carpenter
for the post of chief aid In the business
establishment at the White House. Car
penter has been for ten years past the
"right hand man" of William H. Tuft
ami has earned the promotion that will
place htm at the head of the business
staff at the executive oflleps--n staff
made up of forty-two assistant secre
taries, clerks, telephone and telegraph
operators, messengers, etc.
Carpenter, who will be 37 years of
aga next December, Is a native of the
little town of Sauk Center, Minn., but
tn 18K2. when only 10 years old, his
father removed to California and most
of his boyhood was spent on a ranch
In the Golden Gate state, enjoying all
the forms of open air life and instilling
what has ever since been an abiding
affection for this climatic paradise.
Young Carpenter attended the public
schools iu California and a private aca
demy until he had almost reached his
majority, when he roturned to his na
tive state and entered the law school
of the University of Minnesota, lu 1SD7,
four years later, he graduated as bache
lor of laws, and lu INKS took the degree
of LI M., being admitted to practice
both In Minnesota and California.
In IStW Carpenter returned to Cali
fornia ami was with a law firm In San
Francisco when there came to him
from the Philippines that message,
which started him upon his Interesting
carver of the past decade. It was a llt
tls mors than mere accident that
brought Taft and Carpenter together.
The president of the Philippine com
mission was in need of a stenographer
for confidential work and could find do
on to hla personal liking In the Island.
A trlend,' fresh from America, to whom
be appealed In his dilemma, remember
ed the willing worker In the Han Fran
cisco law'ofHce, and recommended Car
penter. The young man went out on
the next steamer and proved his metal
so speedily that in less than a year,
with the Inauguration of Taft as gov
ernor of the Philippines, Carpenter was
made his private secretary.
Prof. Perclval Lowell announces thai
spectroscopic proof has been obtained
of the presence of water on Mars. This
would seem, according to the Scientific
American, to settle once and for all a
moot Martian question in Lowell's fa
vor. There has recently been completed at
Great Falls, Mont., a huge brick chim
ney for carrying away the fumes of the
smelting works, which will take rank as
one of the tallest, structures In the
world. It Is 78i f,G( J,, outside diame
ter at (the base and S3 1'cet 9 Inches at
the top. It extends ."MX. feet above the
ground and .r)2.S1. feet above Its lowest
foundation course. Its total weight Is
24,fHU tons.
Dr. Sehllck's apparatus for prevent
ing ships from rolling at sea has lately
given fresh proof of Its ability. One of
his gyroscopes has been fitted on board
tlio mall steamer Lochlel. While the
vessel was rolling KlVi degrees on each
side, through a itotal angle of 83 de
grees, the gyroscope was started, .and
Immediately decreased the total angle
of roll to 3 degrees. The apparatus Is
driven electrically and requires but llt-
Ie attention.
Radio active substances cause the ap
pearance of colors In glass and porce
lain submitted to their Influence. This
fact, taken In connection with the
knowledge that In places near the nitrate-mines
of the province of Aconca
gua, Chile, white glass becomes colored,
has led to the discovery, in those dis
tricts, of spots In the soil which mani
fest a strong radio-activity.
Prof. It. do C. Ward, a meteorologist,
points out that while the term temper
ate zone very well describes the climate
within the band of the earth's surface
which It Includes In the southern hem
isphere, It Is often misleading when ap
plied to the corresponding band in the
northern hemisphere. The most ex
treme climatic conditions prevail with
In its limits. In the southern hetnls
phere the climate Is more equable be
cause of the relatively vast extent of
the ocean surfaces there. Even In the
northern hemisphere fully half the area
of the temperato zone Is covered by
water, aim it is only over the continen
tal portions that great extremes of heat
and cold occur.
So much has been said lately about
the apparent upsetting of long-estab
lished scientific axioms that particular
Interest attaches to a recent confirma
tion of a principle that has long been
tacitly assumed as correct, although in
late yenrs It has been questioned. In
11XH1 II. Landolt believed that he had
shown a measurable loss of mass dur
lug certain chemical reactions, and he
was disposed to ascribe the loss to the
emission of electrons. This year Lan
dolt has succeeded In tracing "the ap
parent less of mass to minute changes
In the volume of the glass vessels eon-
ployed In the experiments. The general
conclusion which he now draws from
all his experiments Is that no change
of mass can be detected as a result of
chemical reactions, and the law of con
servation of mass In this case Is true
within the very small limits of expert
mental error.
MRS STOWE'S NOVEL.
"Unci Tom's Cabin" Was Inspired
by Actual Occurrence.
Dr. Charles Edward Stowe, Harriet
Beecher Stowe's son, describes In the
Circle magazine the Influences which
led his mother to the writing of the
book which moved the world.
Mrs. Stowe's family had removed to
Cincinnati when she was about 20
years of age and there she had had
unusual opportunities for observing the
practical workings of slavery as an in
stitution. At this time her brother, Charles
Beecher, was in business In the city
of New Orleans In a large commission
house which had frequent dealings
with the slave plantations. He also
kept a Journal of his observations and
experiences. His letters were full of
Incidents bearing more or less remote
ly on the practical influence of slavery.
There was an actual Legree, whom
Mrs. Stowe's brother Charles met on
the boat returning to his Red River
plantation with a miserable gang of
slaves that he had purchased In New
Orleans.
Uncle Tom was largely an Ideal char
acter, but the leading traits of the com
posite portrait were drawn from many
conversations that Mrs. Stowe had
with trembling fugitives, who, on their
way to Canada and freedom, found In
her house food, shelter, kind words and
pecuniary aid.
At last she herself was stricken
down with a painful and dangerous
illness. But she could still trust and
pray. And pray she did so fervently
and with such faith that her soul was
born into a new and glorious experi
ence of God's greatness and love. In
I860 she Joined her husband In Maine.
After her resolve was formed, months
elapsed before she was able to carry
out her intention of writing something
to make the world realize the horrors
of slavery. The writer Is obliged to
confess that he was himself the prin
cipal hindrance Just at that time. In
December, 1850, Mrs. Stowe wrote to
Mrs. Edward Beecher : "As long as the
baby sleeps with me nights I can't
do much at anything, but I will do It.
I will wrlto that thing If I five!"
One of these days a baby will wakt
up In a photograph gallery to find Its
mother tending over it with drapery
on her head, a la Madonna, and the
child will be so shocked to think Its
mother has worn the dishcloth flown
town, that It will spoil the picture by
throwing a fit.
How long after marriage docs tht
average wife begin to find fault with
her husband's table manners J
There Is to be a new biography of
John Calvin to be brought out iu July,
during the celebration of the four hun
dredth anniversary of his birth.
Mr. Marlon Crawford's new novel,
The White Sister," is out. Mr. Craw
ford Is one of the most industrious of
men his books appear with a regular
ity that is amazing to those authors
who write with less ease.
"Self Control and How to Secure It"
is the title of a new volume soon to be
issued by the eminent Dr. Paul Du
bois of Bern, Switzerland, who has
written this book upon self control, or
rather the want of it, as a fertile cause
of many forms of nervous disorders.
The new book differs from those al
ready published In that it will be large
ly a philosophical and direct discussion
of what self-control may accomplish
and how It may be secured.
Such honor as a statue Imparts Is
to be bestowed upon the memory of
Francis Bacon by a gentleman of
Gray's Inn. What Is pronounced by the
Loudon Chronicle to be "a fearful and
wonderful figure In plaster, surmount
ed by a hat of the Mother Shipton
type, has already been placed In the
south square of the inn for the consid
eration of members. This remarkable
hat reminds the commentator of the
chapeau of a statue' of Wellington
which has not disappeared from its
London site. The memorable thing
about this hat was Its arrangement
of metal plumes purposely made to
flutter In the breeze.
Prof. Rudolph Eucken's book, "The
Froblem of Human Life," as viewed by
the great thinkers from Plato to the
present time, will be hrotight out soon.
In his Introduction the author says,
"What does your life mean when
viewed as a whole? What are the
purposes It seeks to realize? What
prospect of happiness docs It hold out
to us? To ask ourselves these ques
tions Is to set ourselves the Froblem
of Life, nor need we stay to Justify
our right to ask them. They
are the cry of an age rent asunder, Its
heart at enmity with the work of Its
hands. Nor can Philosophy stand
aloof from the struggle; she only has
her part to play. Is she not pre-eminently
fitted to give this movement a
large and generous meaning, to clear
It from confusion and direct It toward
tts ultimate goal?"
Ancient Agriculture.
Why agriculture, the first industry
to be learned and so obviously the most
fundamental, was the last to be de
veloped Is one of the most baffling mys
teries of history. One inarvels at it
afresh as one stands before a- certain
glass case in the Egyptian quarter of
the British Museum, wherein is a lit
tle group of farm utensils a fractured
wooden plow; a "rusted sickle, two
sticks tied together with a leathern
thong and several tassels that had
hung on the horns of oxen. To be
sure, these Implements were usefl 3,000
years ago they were found in the
tomb of Seti I. but one remembers
that when Egypt was using these
bread tools, no better than those of the
barbarians about her, she had a most
elaborate government, an army and
navy and art and literature.
The records and relics of other na
tions down through history show the
same strange incongruity. For thou
sands of years the wise men of the
world absolutely Ignored the problems
of the farm. A farmer remained either
a serf or a tenant. He was a stolid
drudge "brother to the ox." Even the
masterful old pilgrim fathers had no
plows at ail nothing but hoes and
sharp sticks for the first twelve years
of their pioneering. And therefore for
thousands of years there was hunger.
Journal of Agriculture.
Milking by Hand and Machine.
After a test of milking- machines for
a period of more than a year, Prof.
A. L. Haecker, of Nebraska, has made
several conclusions. Heifers In their
first lactation, .apparently give better
results by machine milking than do
Bged cows that have been accustomed
to hand milking for one or more years.
Some cows are not adapted to machine
Dandelions and Milk.
A Belgian Investigator has. been
looking Into the correctness or incor
rectness of the somewhat popular be
lief among farmers that dandelions In
crease the yield of milk, and that In
consequence they are rather desirable
forage than otherwise. He claims that
this belief Is incorrect and is founded
wholly on the false analogy suggested
by the milky juice of the dandelion.
Furthermore, he asserts that dande
lions In large numbers have a delete
rious effect on the quality of butter
and is one among the causes which
make It difficult to get butter of a fine
flavor and good keeping qualities in
spring and early summer. Hay which
has large quantities of dandelions in
it has a similar effect, he says, and he
advises farmers to weed their pastures
whenever it is practicable to do so.
Too Much Salt Kills.
Hogs like salt, and too much salt
will kill them. Being hogs they do not
always know when they have had
enough. If mixed with ashes, or ashes
and sulphur, and deposited In piles no
danger need be feared unless they are
ravenous for salt from long continued
deprivation. But If you give them
brine from the meat barrel In free
doses you might as well give them ar
senic. Meat brine Is one of the hog
-poisons. Cottonseed is another, but
why no man knoweth. The latter Is a
slow poison for hogs,, yet a good food
for cattle.
Restriction of Fertility.
Prof. Spillman says -It seldom pays
to turn under a crop of cow peas In
the green state. It is better practice
to make hay of them, feed the hay
and put the manure back on the land.
As Is the case with all legumes, the
POPULAR BREEDS OF CHICKENS AND DUCKS.
PRIZE WHITE
WYANDOTTE COCK ANDHCN
"""'"awnr I Kmf9r,,mmmt I nfcwirii
"EKIN DUCKS
IV ir
PRIZE WINNING UCHT
BRAHMACOCHRCLLS PULLET
One of the most popular breeds of chickens for general utility is the
White Wyandotte. The birds of this strain are smaller than the Plymouth
Rock, but are equally rapid growing. Good layers and fine market fowls.
Pekln ducks excel all other breeds both for eggs and flesh. To raise ducks
successfully and make a profit both from eggs and young ducklings, the
stock birds should be young as far as possible March hatched birds, and
never more than two years old. The Light Brahmas are the oldest and per
haps the best known of the feather-legged chickens. Size Is the quality
that recommends this breed. Where large and slowly maturing fowls are
desired the Light Brahma has no superior.
milking. Alternate hand and machine
methods of milking have a detrimental
effect upon the flow. Manipulation of
the udder Is absolutely necessary in
some instances before all the milk can
be drawn by the machine. One man
operating one machine can milk about
the same number of cows In an hour
as one milking by hand. Two men
operating four machines can practi
cally do the work of three men milk
ing by hand. Two operators with four
machines milked twenty-four cows in
an hour. It Is necessary to thoroughly
wash and boll the milking machine
parts after each usage In order to pro
duce milk with as low bacterial con
tent as that resulting from careful
methods of hand milking. Denver
Vield and Farm.
Lifting the Wagon Box.
I constructed a wagon bed jack that
Is one of the handiest devices on the
farm where there is only one man to
put on or take off a grain rack or
wagon box. The construction is very
simple. Make a carpenter's jack, only
A Ulckeus Manuscript.
H. F. Dickens, F. C, tells an Inter
esting story concerning the original
manuscript of his father's famous
'H?arol." The novelist presented the
M.S. to Thomas Milton, an old school
fellow. In 1S75 Mr. Milton sold it to
Francis Harvey, a bookseller, for 50.
Then It passed luto the hands of Geo.
Churchill, an enthusiastic autograph
collector. Mr. Churchill treasured It
until 1SS2, when circumstances com
pelled him to part with It. After pho
tographing every page of It, It was sold
to Mr. Bennett, a Birmingham book
seller and curio dealer, who eventually
found a purchaser, who readily signed
a check for 200 for It Finally it wai
bought by Stuart M. Samuel of Ken
sington Palace Gardens for 300, who
Is said to still retain the precious docu
mentLondon Ttt-BlU.
ONE MAN CAN HANDLE IT.
a little stronger to suit yourself. Then
bore a hole, b, In the center for a 2
Inch gas pipe to act as a king bolt
Then take a 4x4-lnch, 3 foot 6 Inch
long crosspiece and fasten It to the
gas pipe, c, and brace it with 4x4 Inch
braces, a. The height Is 3 feet 6 inch
es and width 4 feet
When taking off the grain bed place
the jack a little better than half "way
to the rear end. then remove the rear
i eud off the wagon first and swing It
on to the Jack. Then put your weight
on it aud swing It off the wagon,
placing a small jack under the front
ud. C. Z. Rux, in Farm and Home.
The Annual Honey Crop.
In one year the bees sent to market
k crop of houey worth nearly as much
is the barley crop; three times as much
as the buckwheat crop; $6,000,000
greater than the rye crop, and nearly
$9,000,000 greater than the rice crop.
All of the rice and buckwheat grown
on an aggregate area of 2,126 1-8
square miles, did not reach .to the
value of tht honey by $151,259.
roots of the" cow pea crop add a great
deal of nitgrogen to the soil, and have
a marked effect on fertility. If a heavy
green crop of cow peas is plowed un
der in the autumn it is best not to
plant the land until the following
spring. A. very good plan for bringing
up the fertility of a wornout field is to
sow rye In the fall, plow this under
In the spring, harrow thoroughly, let
the land He a month, and then sow
cow peas. Cut the peas for hay and
sow rye again. A few seasons of such
treatment will restore fertility to the
soil. Fortunately, both of these crops
will grow on very poor land.
Early Tomatoes.
A truck gardener tells that this Is
the way he raised early tomatoes:-He
took a dry goods box 2 by 3 feet and
8 Inches deep. In each corner of the
box he set a pleec of 2-inch pipe, so
that he could water the plants from
the bottom, pouring In the water and
letting It permeate through the soil,
which was composed of a sandy loam
put into the box after the bottom had
been covered to the depth of 3 inches
with well rotted and sifted stable ma
nure. The seeds were planted and
lightly covered and the soil kept moist,
but not wet. In one week after plant
ing the green tops appeared, and In
three weeks they were trausplanted
Into a similar box, beiug set an Inch
deeper than they grew in the first box.
They grew in the box In sheltered
places for three weeks, when they
were ready for the garden.
Efffts Preserved With Wax.
By a novel process of preserving,
eggs six months old are made to retain
their "new laid" freshness. The pro
cess has been developed by a firm of
English Importers, acting" on the theory
that an egg decomposes owing to the
entrance of bacteria through the shell.
The eggs are thoroughly cleansed and
disinfected and then immersed in a
vessel of hot paraffin wax in vacuum.
The air In the shell is extracted by the
vacuum and atmospheric pressure Is
then allowed to enter the vessel, when
the hot wax Is forced into the "pores"
of the shell, which thus hermetlneally
seals It Evaporation of the contents
of the eggs, which has a harmful ef
feet 1 thereby prevented and the egg
Is practically sterile.
In the Feed Lot.
Wheat bran Is preferable, hqwerei,
because It la lesa bulky.
BOMAHTIC TALE OF A CITY. :
Beflrun on Rafts of Tree Trunks In a
Lake, Now a Metropolis. r
The story of the founding of the City
of Mexico is one of the most extraor
dinary tales in history. It happened
in 1325, at Jeast it began a long time
before that but was an accomplished
fact about 000 years ago.
In the first place, says the Rosary
Magav.lne, imagine an' almost Inaccess
ible mountain, crowned with a valley
at tho height of 8,000 feet above the
level of the sea. In the center of this
valley was an Immense lake. When th&
Aztecs arrived, led by the priests of
the god of war, they found It In the
possession of hostile tribes.
For that reason and because the
priests declared that in a certain part
of the lake where there stood an ele
vation of stones an eagle had been seen
devouring . a serpent, they began the
construction of the city on the spot, im
mediately over the deepest waters of
the lake. There had long existed a
prophecy among the Aatecs that their
wanderings would end when thuy
should have reached a place where the
priests would behold an eagh? resting
on a cactus plant devouring a serpent
Confident that they had found the
spot ordained to be their abiding home,
they began to consvi-uot rafts of the
trunks of trees, covering them with
thick layers of earth, upon which they -
built rude huts of more or less solidity.
Groups of dwellings soon began to form
themselves In regular; order, thus de
termining the primitive streets of tht
new city.
They also constructed boats and oart
of different sizes, useful in peace and
war, and, while certain of their num
ber occupied themselves In defending
their homes and brethren from the on
slaughts of hostile tribes, others con
tinued to improve and enlarge the new
city. Gradually the lake was filled un
and terraces arose, one after another,
in the place once occupied by the deen
waters.
This was In itself a herculean labor,
unsurpassed in Ingenuity and durability
by any similar work of ancient or mod-
iin times. Upon the first of these ter- ,
races was constructed the Teocalli, oi
sacrificial temple. It was begun In 1216
and not completed until 1325, a period
of 109 years, from which time may bt
dated the official foundation of Tenoch
tltlan, to-day the modern city of Mex
lco.
Mexico's New Discoveries.
The Geographical Commission ap
pointed seven years ago to map tht
towns of Mexico has reported the dis-.
co very of 7,079 towns which were not
officially known to exist and were sub
ject to no Federal control. While some
of these places range from 5,000 to
15,000 population, most of them art
presumably small villages.
A Mexican hill village, few of whost
people can read or write, might easily
exist for years happily unconscious
that it was living under any govern
ment at all. A mule path over a pass
connects the village sufficiently with
the outside world. The sun shines, the
crops grow, wants are few, the old In
dian tribal customs furnish all tht
needed law, and having no history, the
land is happy.
There are disadvantages In being
named, catalogued and put on the map.
These 7,079 Idyllic towns will now bt
Invaded by drummers, phonographs,
fancy waistcoats, automobiles, lawyers,
corn doctors, book agents, Salome
dancers, penny arcades, handbooks on
etiquette and politics and there will bt
no place left where the simple lift
may be led. These geographers have
much to answer for.
Man Money.
The system of atoning for death oi
bodily Injuries Inflicted on others by
paying damages is as old as the earli
est Teutonic laws, praised by Tacitus.
The trespasser was always required to
make peace with the aggrieved family
of the victim by "Wer-Geld."
"Wer" is the ancient German fot
man. "Geld," now, as In the days of
Wotan, means money.
Damages were assessed In accord
ance with the rank and wealth of tht
Injured party, and the money wai
paid over In the presence of the whole
community, its acceptance forestalling
feuds. Indeed, the recognition of Wer
Geld ("money for the man" killed) by
law precluded further bloodshed oi
other forms of revenge. x
If the slayer was not rich enough to
pay the required sum, he turned ovel
to the Injured parties 1 his sons al
slaves. If his sons were not sufficient
guarantee for the payment of tht
debt, the slayer himself had to turn
bondsman both the letter and tht
spirit of the law requiring that tht
full amount of damage inflicted bt
recovered by the aggrieved parties.-
New York World.
World's Most Costly Garment.
The most wonderful, costly and mag
nificent garment in the world ia tht
Queen of Slam's State mantle, which
she wears only about once a year.
It is literally covered with diamonds,
emeralds, rubles and sapphires In fact,
with almost every known precious
atone.
If It were possible for It to come Into .
the market it would probably bring
something in the neighborhood of $5
000,000.
Good Food (or Stock.
"Do you think alfalfa muffins could
be appetizing T
I don't see why they shouldn't bt
to horses and mules.' Birmingham
Age-Herald.
Be Johnny-on-the-spot when there ta
an opportunity to be grasped, othes
wise you mar find it missing. ,