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About The Athena press. (Athena, Umatilla County, Or.) 18??-1942 | View Entire Issue (April 9, 1909)
"S 41 IE rvi Profit from Poultry. Poultrynion estimate that it costs 1, cent apiece to produce aa egg. The estimate is based on the 'fact that the . hen lays 120 eggs in the year. In other " words, where the fowls are confined, to runs, and the feed iiiust'be purchased, it costs 30 cents a month or $1.20 a year to maintain u hen. If the hen is an Indifferent layer and gives but sixty eggs In a year, her eggs cost the poul trymau. 2 cents each,, . .., ;,', , An experiment conducted by .'the Cor nell experiment station in 1902 showed that the average cost of feed for a dozen eggs was 0.2 cents, or about , . of a cent an egg,., The cost for each hen for the year was 99.0 cents. At that time wheat was sold at $1.45 a hundred pounds, while at the present time it is $2 ; bran sold at $1.35 a hun dred pounds and it Is now $1.80; aud meat scraps cost $2.15 a hundred pounds aud now we. pay $2.40, So at , the preseut ; Increased price of" feed, the cost of feeding the hen is easily 20 cents a year more than it was In ! 1002. To 'make poultry profitable on the farm it is necessary to breed for bet ter laying. This is done by installing trap nests In the henhouses, and each year picking out the best layers and breeding only from such. The farmer . must grade up hia stock. lie must get rid of the mongrel birds; he must , drive out the drones, and must encour age the workers, The farm must pro duce better poultry and more of It, . There are advantages on the farm for poultry raising that the poultry man does not have, aud if the latter, in many ways handicapped, can make poultry keeping a successful business, the farmer should at least -make the work a valuable adjunct to his In come. Properly managed poultry can be made the most profitable crop on the, farm investment, expense and labor considered. It is argued by some farmers that . meir nens cose uiein praeycauy uoin ing, as they have free range and can gather all the food they need. There is some truth in that, 'and there also is some truth In the fact that farm ers' flocks seldom yield a profit coin' pared with stock in the hands of a reg ular poultryman. Nitrogen, ' TViiJe visiting a practical farme? few weeks ago he said that wh, re everything wad fed out , on the fa' in and the manure returned to the soil it should" grow richer instead of poorer and that furthermore there was less connected with the farm when it was conducted- on these principles thau when the system was varied from year to year. One thing is certain, the growing and feeding of live stock on the farms comiels the growth of crops to feed that are best adapted for the produc tion of flesh and animal products, Prominent among these crops are clov er, alfalfa and the other nitrogen gatb erlng plants that possess a high feed ing value and are relished by animals on account of their palatabllity. We cannot loo often repeat the fact that the farmers who follow a short crop rotation, in which a legume Is grown every third year, need not worry about maintaining an adequate supply of nitrogen, providing he feeds these 'crops to live stock and saves the manure, both'' liquid and solid, and returns it to the soil. When nitrogen ous grain foods are purchased and fed to the animals in connection with the home grown foods' the increase in nitrogen is still greater. Agricultural Epitoniist. . Feed In it Meal, Wet or Dry. Many of our farmers seem to hold the opinion that feeding meal wet to their cows will bring better results than when fed dry. One old farmer makes the remark, "how can the cow get any goodness out of a pun of dry meal?" yet notwithstanding the fact that so many dairymen hold to the practice of feeding the meal wet, the experiments to dale indicate that bet ter results nre obtained by feeding It dry. Professor Jordan, of the .Maine Experiment Station,' fed a bunch of calves coru and cob meal with long hay in dry form, as against hay which was run through a feed cutter, mois tened and sprinkled with coru and cob meal. The results were In favor of tho dry feeding. The gain was great er, ond less feed was required for 100 pounds of gain. Professor Jordan also conducted an experiment with two herds of dairy cows, one herd was fed dry feed, while the feed of the other was moistened, 'the greater yield of milk was obtained from the herd that received the dry feed. SnllliiK Down Meut. Curing meut for future consumption Is one of the annual Jobs on the farm. In some sections of the country, says the Journal of Agriculture, the prob lem of suiting down meat Is a serious one because of the heat In sections of the South there are winters when there Is very little cold weather and it is not until late that hogs may be slaughtered. Here Is a recipe which Is said to be a good one: For 1,000 pounds of meat take ten quarts of salt peter, 1 pound of pepper ond 2 pounds of yellow sugar. Mix well, put In a tub or some suitable vessel, and then apply the mixture well to the meat. This Is said to be the most success ful method of salting meat there Is, both from a standpoint of purity and flavor. Feeding- Milk Conn. Milk contains water,- fat, protein (easelii and curd), sugar and ash, and these are all made from the constitu ents of the food. If sufficient protein, fat and carhohydratcs are not con tained In the food given her, the cow supplies this deficiency for it time by drawing on her own body, and gradu ally begins to shrink In quantity and quality of milk, or both.. The stingy feeder cheats himself as well as the cow. She may suffer from hunger, although she Is full of swale and hay, but she also becomes poor and does not yield the milk and butter she should. Her milk glands are a wond erful machine, but they cannot make milk casein (curd) out of the constitu ents In coarse, unappetizing, indiges tible swale hay. or sawdust any more than the farmer himself can make but ter froih skim milk. She must not only have a generous supply of good food, but It must contain sulflcient amounts of the nutrients needed for making milk. Until this fact is un derstood nnd appreciated, successful, profitable dairying Is out of the ques tion. Many forcible illustrations of Its truthfulness have been furnished by the agricultural experiment stations. II. B. Speed. Helping (lie Farmer. In an Important interview with Gif ford I'lnchot, the government forester, aud a member of the Country Life Commission, recently appointed by Mr. Roosevelt, given to Edward I. Far rington, the following puiuts are elab orated: The things which the Country Life Commission desires to do, above all else, is to make the fact plain that there Is a tremendous problem before the American farmer to-day. The things which must be secured for the farmer are better farming ma terials, better business and a better ivlng. The commission Is concerned with the two latter. Everything which has to do with making farm lite efficient and pleas ant will receive particular attention, for tills is one of the most Important of all agricultural problems. The commission will make no at tempt to impose anything on the farm er, to dictate to him, or to carry pa ternalism to an objectionable degreo Tho facts are to be assembled In as complete a form as possible and placed before the farmer In logical order. Prearrvlnu; Milk. A German patent specification de scribes a process for preserving milk by removing all dissolved oxygen by means of the addition of a small quan tity of ferrous carbonate. The process is based on the fact that freshly-precipitated ferrous corboimte In the pres ence of oxygen Immediately usslmtlutes oxygen and evolves on equivalent quantity of carbon dioxide. Oue part of ferrous eurboimte Is sufficient for 60,000 parts milk, ond the properties of the milk are not altered lu any way by the addition, which should be made before the milk Is boiled. Work Hours of Farmer, Professor Boss, of the Minnesota Agricultural College, says that statis tics of the actual hours of labor ou the farms Investigated show that farmers work nine hours o day in summer and between four and Ave In winter. Pro fessor Bailey, of the Farm Life Com mission, tells the Hory of the school ma'am working from 9 to 4 until she married a farmer, and tad to work from 4 to 0. Moral, schoolma'ama tiakt good wives for farmers. Temporary Sheen Fence. One of the best portable fences for uso in soiling sheep is made In panels with supports, as shown In the sketch. MUtAlU.K tlflll. (UK BUM,!' AND II OUS Panels ore 10 feet long, made of 4 iuch board solidly nailed together. After this feuce Is once put up, sheep are not likely to overturn It A fence 3Vj feet high will turu most flocks. Farm and Home. Quarter Crack. This Is one of the most serious trou bles with which we have to contend In our dry climate. When a crack ap pears It is a difllcult mutter to bring down the new growth of sound hoof without firing and blistering, so that prevention is all Important. There Is no need to cut out the sole or open the heels, as It Is called. The frog and heels should be left absolutely alone, and they cannot be too well de veloped. The sole will take care of Itself, for nature exfoliates dead horn as required, Keep the wall rounded at tho ground surface, the toe short and the frog prominent, and with few exceptions horses will come through all right Field and Farm. A tlnlaneed Halloa. Corn and clover pasture (orma nearly balanced ration, and there will be little danger of Injuring the breed ing qualities of the pigs If they are allowed plenty of coru and the run of good clover pasture. - ', When the framers of the constitution flecided that population should be the basis of representation, in the lower house of Congress, provision for a' sys tematic national enumeration of the people of the country became a nces- sity. The constitution ordered that this enumeration should be made within three j-ears after the first meeting of the first Congress and within every sub sequent term of ten years, in such manner as Congress should direct. Po litical necessity thm forced upon, the new republic the first national census of modern times. Among the ancient peoples it 13 re corded that Moses numbered the tribes in the wilderness and that Satan pro voked David to number Israel. Tho word "census" comes from Rome, where, long before the Christian era, citizens and their property were regis tered for the purposes of taxation. In England, William the Conqueror, to make more certain the collection of his revenues, ordered a great survey of his new kingdom, the results of which were embodied in the "Domesday Book." But the census of the United States, taken in 1790, was the first of mod ern times' The results of the enumera tion were transmitted to Congress by President Washlngtt a Oct. 27, 1701, in a small report containing fifty-six print ed pages. It showed a population of 3,020,214. It cost the government $44, 877 to learn that, with one representa tive for every 33,000 people, its lower house would be composed of 105 legislators. As early as 1810 an attempt to In clude in the census information per taining to the manufactures of the country was made, though it met with little success. The act of 1850, which gave the census work to the newly created Department of the Interior and n census board composed of the Secre tary of State, Attorney General and Postmaster General, Increased the sub jects of Inquiry to include mines, man ufactures and agriculture. With each succeeding decade, writes II. B. Chamberlain in the Chicago Record-Herald, the scope of Inquiry was enlarged until the mass of Information gathered became too large to handle and was out of date before It became crfn y?4 c e i ill1 , f li-o - available. The eleventh census, that of 1890, was not published until seven years after It was begun. The census of 18S0 appeared In 1889. For each enormous sums of money were spent that of 1890 cost more than $11,000,000 thousands of clerks were employed, tons of literature were distributed, but the necessity for reorganizing the ma chinery for taking tl t census every ten years, as though for the first time, caused Insufferable delay. The director of each census had to create the office anew, secure quarters, collect and drill an army of employes and attend to the preparation and distribution of sched ules before the actual work of enumera tion could be undertaken. The work falls naturally into three stages the collection of material facts by enumerators, the census takers, who in 1900 numbered more than 50,000, under the direct charge of 300 super visors;1 the tabulation and analysts of this material. In the central office In Washington, and its publication. On June 1, 1900, the enumerators be gan their house-to-house canvass. They did not -visit public Institutions, as In these the officials of the establishments were required to collect Information concerning the inmates. Special expert agents were employed to gather data relating to manufacturing and mechan ical industries. City enumerators were given two weeks In which to make their rounds. Those in the country were given a longer time. When enu merators had . finished their work they delivered their portfolios to the dis trict supervisors, who In turn sent them to the central office at Washington, where a clerical forcu of 3,000, helped by the automatic punching machine and the electric tabulating machine, pre pared copy for the printing press. The four principal reports on popu lation, agriculture, manufacturing and vital statistics, when completed, filled ten quarto volumes, 10,000 pages of printed matter. . With the special re ports, which appeared later, they sus tained the claim that In this matter of census taking the United States leads in scope of Inquiry, combination of facts and cost incurred. TLe twelfth census was taken under the act of March 3, 1899, under which the director of the census, W. R. Mer rlam, was given enilre control of the work., When he took charge of the work all that he Inherited f from the eleventh census was a typewriter, a horse, a wagon, a cart aiid some scat tered papers and records. ; Ills was the first census staff to be given a building of its own. His pleadings for the pres-. ervatlon of the plant which his work necessitated undoubtedly helped the passage of the act of 1902, establishing the census bureau as a permanent part of the governmental organization. , A , later act, approved Feb. 1, 1903, trans ferred the census office from the De partment of the Interior to the Depart ment of Commerce and Labor. July 1, 1903, by order of the secretary of the latter department, the name "Bureau of the Census" was adopted. " The bureau of tha" census Is charged with the duty of taking the decennial censuses, of collecting such special sta tistics as Congress requires, Including the collection in -1905 of the statistics of . manufacturing establishments con ducted under ' the factory Bystein, and the annual collection of birth and death statistics, statistics of cotton production and cotton consumption, and statistics of cities of 30,000 or more inhabitants. Great Britain and France were the first European countries to follow the example of the United States. Each took Its first census in 1801. In many of the European countries they have a one-day enumeration. In Great Brit ain and . Wales schedules are left in each house Saturday evening and are called for Monday morning. The coun try is divided into permanent districts for the purpose of . registering births ; and deaths and the registrar general H the census superintendent In Ireland the royal Irish constabulary and the Dublin metropolitan police are tho agents for distributing and collecting the schedules. In Germany the count covers the period between sunrise and sunset and the police are utilized as In Ireland.' In Russia the count be- , gins at midnight. The British govern ment makes provision for the cost of the census taking, but in France and other European countries the expense" Is borne by the municipality. Exact Information is not one of Mo rocco's exports. That ls.no land of facts and figures. It is a country of traditions and superstitions, on the one hand; of dreams and rainbows, ou the other. Language In Tangier forms a curious study, not because so many tongues are heard, but because so many of the half dozen that are spoken are used by the same people. The mastery of Arabic Is a life study, but a vocabu lary of a few hundred words is ade quate for discussion with the natives. When one Is a loss to express himself, he need only fill In the gap, it is said, by "Allah la the greatest," "Allah, con found the Christians," or some such pious phrase, te use of which makes his conversation more, rather thau less, acceptable. It Is worth while to say a word about the system of survellluuce under which a visitor in Targler lives. Theo retically he is the fnst creature Im aginable, but actually be is a marked man the minute he is netted on the deck of on arriving boat, and there after no Central office shad wing could be more effective, more bathing. By a system of wireless UiegrapLy anion;? them, your comings and goings ere fol lowed, and you soon discover that a small army of Moors knows where you are from, what you are there for, how long you expect to stay, and more about your life, habits and affairs than some of your uuwt lutlmate friends at h me. One Is constantly running across tHldUiis that illustrate the Oriental character of Morocco. Take the steam boat service between Tangier and Gibraltar as an instance. It sounds the height of progress when you hear that there are three companies, each with three sailings a week, but upon further Inquiry you discover thot the boats of all three go on the same three days and at the same hour! - Morocco Is a country of many. Sab baths. Friday Is tLe Mohammedan Sabbath, followed by the Jewish Sab baththe Hebrew element In Tangier is considerable, and strict in religious observance. Then conies the Christian Sunday. Subsequent comparison, how ever, revealed little difference between any days of the week. On the Moham medan Sabbath a black flag Is hoisted on the.nilnarats at the prayer of dawn, instead of the white flag that an nounces the time of devotion on other days. It remains up until the middle of the forenoon, by which time every body is supposed to have found out what day It Is. When you (Allah lengthen thine age!) go to Moroeco, you will hear about some of the men you've read of in a way that will upset previous Ideas. There is Raisulu, for instance, whom Americans remember as captur ing Ion Perdlcaris, and who more re cently held for six mouths Sir Harry Maclean, an Englishman aud drlllmas ter of the Sultan's army. A bold, bad grigand that's how Itat suli Is painted abroad. At Tangier,' on the contrary, he is rated as a patriot Whom the Sultau misused when he de posed him from the governorship of the surroundiug province. Iu auy event it is true, at least, that he cares noth ing for money, but only seeks to regain his position. Such ransoms as he has secured have been distributed among his followers. It Is said, and as yet the $ltX,Ooo given up for the release of Maclean lies to Hamuli's credit un touched lu the State Bank at Tangier. 'Looked at lu the large. Morocco Is a wonderful country, si ill largely un known. At tills time of war and fer ment It Is possible only to sklui the edges. The interior, with the civlliza 'tlons of Fez and Marrakesh, the life of the mountains and plains, it is im possible for the "dog of a Christian" to see. Some day, perhaps, he may re turn. PerpetnaH Youth. The elixir of youth lies in thi mind or nowhere. . You .cannot be young by trying to appear so, by dressing youth fully. You must first get rid of the last vestige of thought, of belief, that you are aging. As long as that is In mind, cosmetics and youthful dress will amount to very little in changing your appearance. The conviction must first be changed ; the thought which has pro duced the aging condition must be re versed. - If we can only establish the perpet ual youth mental attitude, so that we feel young, we have won half the bat tle against old age. Be sure of this: that whatever you feel regarding your nge will oe expressed In you, body. It Is a great old to the perpetuation of youth to learn to feel young, how ever long we may have lived, because the body expresses habitual feeling, habitual thought. Nothing in the world will make us look young as long as we are convinced that we are aging! Nothing else more effectually retards age than keeping in mind the bright, cheerful, optimistic, hopeful, buoyant picture of youth in all Its splendor, niPKiiifieenee; the alluring picture of th' glories which belong to youth youthful dreams. Ideals, hopes and all the qualities which belong to young life. -, One great trouble with us Is that our imaginations age prematurely." The hard, exacting conditions of our mod ern, strenuous life tend to harden and dry up the brain and nerve cells, and thus seriously Injure tue power of the Imagination, which snoiild be kept fiesh, buoyant, elastic. Orison Swett Marden, in Success Magazine. What She Loved. lie If you don't love me, and If you will not listen to me, why do you al ways take my boxes of chocolates"? She I love chocolates.-Meggendor-fer Blnetter. Some people believe a party is not a success unless the guests make a great deal of noise. EATING TOO MUCH. Overnntrltlon la Jnut aa Harmful a Malnutrition. It is an acknowledged fact that al- -most every soul of us eats too much. The digestive organs are constantly overtrained and finally weakened. When wisely followed, the practice of ' fasting can be most beneficial. An ex pert on the food question has said that one should rise, from, the table ' with the feeling of ungerhiB ex perlence knovra. toyery. few of us. On the contrary, the; mnlqrrtf , ;kof 'people leave the board with a sense of burden which only an hour's siesta can alle viate. This is not so much owing to the fact that the food Is uncommonly rich, for the rule of the simple life ob tains now in the fashionable cuisine, but it is the quantity taken. There is a large community at the present mo ment which fasts from breakfast time till dinner at night. It is a question if It is wise to leave the stomach entirely without food during all those hours, but there Is no question that the ' lighter the lunch taken the better will be the health of the individual. - By a "light lunch" In this instance is meant what most people would not call a lunch at all that is to say, a few crackers with cheese (a much maligned article of diet), a few nuts and a bit of fruit or a cup of cocoa with dry toast Such a "feast" prevents the craving for food and in no way taxes the digestive " organs. Overnutritlon Is Just as harm ful as" malnutrition and Is far more frequently the cause of maladies. With Judicious fasting the system re covers Its lost tone, and mental work ers would find that the brain worked with surprising lightness, for the brain is one of the chief sufferers from over eating. New Work American. . Fond Hopes. Williams You must expect to work if you are going to be elected to public office. : Walters Oh, yes, I expect to work to get elected. But after that I won't have to do much of anythlug. Somer- vllle Journal. Lady You look robust Are you equal to the task of sawing - wood! Tramp Equal Isn't the wont mum. i I'm superior to H. Good, 'morula'.