H A LSEY
E N T E R P R IS E , H A L SE Y , O R E G O N , J E N E
2 1 , 192S
English Women Live
Oregon & California Directory
Longer Than American
Statistics show that English women S C H O O L F O R M E N
Bhs Driver
Buses have to operate
on schedule and we
make sure o f depend
able service by using
Champion Spark Plugs.
Freight Barges on the Nile.
(P rep ared by t h e N ation al Q eoarap hie
S ociety. W ash in gton , D. C.)
»
»
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/
■j—, GYI'T, in a dispute with England,
has been once wore at the focus
of world attention, as she has
been many times In the sixty
centuries that make up most of known
history.
Americans who visit Egypt know tlie
country chiefly from tiie city stand
point. They see through the eyes of
the extremely polite dragoman who
escorts them about tbe streets of Cairo
or Alexandria. The man who sweats
in the sun on bis tiny farm is an en
tirely different creature. His scale of
living is of the meanest
The peasant population huddle In
villages within the confines of four
mud walls, homes which literally do
not furnish them with a roof over their
heads—wretched cabins improvised
out of Nile mud, windowless ns well
as roofless.
No modern pots and
pans, none of the contrivances and
shifts of modern times ‘that go to
ward rendering life easv nnd comfort
able, and which enable the foreman of
a section gang on an American rail
road to l>e better warmed, lighted,
and served with news than was Queen
Elizabeth of England.
We are accustomed to think of
Egypt in terms of symbols—the
Sphinx, Osiris, the Pyramids.
The
country has been a happy hunting
ground for the archeologists, and
their revelations turn us back through
the abysms of time to the contempla
tion of mysterious figures of the past,
whether a sacretf bull or King Tut
ankhamen.
A country of wonders, no doubt;
but the wonder of wonders is not tbe
ancient relies dug from tbe earth, nor
the mighty works of men's hands
erected upon its surface, but ttie soil
Itself—that longish strip of green
fringing the River Nile for the better
part of one thousand miles.
Nature has dealt In niggardly fash
ion with the land of Egypt. The coun
try possesses no copper, no iron ore,
no forests, no precious minernls, and
no good steam coal. It Is fairly exact
to remark that the country lacks all
the prime prerequisites of modern in
dustrialism. Agriculture is virtually
the sole source of national wealth
But even in tills field the country is
extremely limited.
Only a Strip of Habitable Land.
Egypt is practically rainless nnd
only one-twenty-fifth of the land is
capable of cultivation. These fertile
regions nre sandwiched in between the
Arabian nnd Libyan deserts. While the
urea of Egypt, not Including the Su
dan, is 350,000 square miles, or about
eiglit times the size cf the state of
I'ennsylvanin, only a little more than
12,000 square miles are capable of
cultivation.
Over this relatively small strip of
habitable land the population swarms
some 1,100 to the square mile, whereas
the population of Belgium, the (lens
est in Europe, is 652 to the square
mile. Yet, despite ail this, Egypt is
probably the most perfect and exten
sive farming laboratory that the world
has yet seen.
From an agricultural standpoint,
the country presents a spectacle of
three
uniformities—climate,
soil,
moisture. Except for the region near
the north coast, the country Is rain
less nnd frosts nre unknown. The
soil Is the same, formed by the sedi
ment from Nile water.
Now, uniformity is precisely the
thing which the American farmer
lacks. The main factor In crop yields
is the weather, and the weather Is
always the unknown quantity. The
Egyptian solves his farming equation
by knowing the value of it before he
starts.
With the American farmer, agricul
ture is more or less of a gamble with
nature, whereas the Egyptian farmer
bets on a certainty. Farming, there
fore, In Egypt comes nearer to being
an exact science than in any other
important country in the world.
Where Man Surpassed Nature.
In ordlnury speech, there Is always
a tendency to personify nature, to
observe that nature does this or that
or works according to some well-
ordered plan or design. While »lie
thought is not exact, we can with
some measure of truth speak of na
ture's intentions about this planet and
the life which flourishes upon Its
surface. For example, we may ob
serve with truth that nature never
Intended Egypt, a comparatively
sterile and drought-beset country, to
supisirt from Its soil Its present popu
lation of nearly 14.000.1»*) people.
The Ingenuity of man, however, has
contrived by art to supplement the
gifts of nature. Nature ordained that
the Nile should overflow once a year
ar.d flood the agricultural plaint of Its
valley, bestowing at once the twin
gifts of moisture and fertility. When
the flood has passed and the water
lias subsided, the farmer sows his
seed and grows his annual crop. Tra
ditionally and historically, it is either
a feast or afamine in Egypt. For a
brief season the abounding flood, to be
succeeded for the balance of the year
by blazing suns and killing droughts.
The Ingenuity of man has harnessed
the great river by holding back the
flood of waters during the freshet
season and doling out these hus
banded supplies during the lean
months of the year. Through this
device, streams of living water can
be carried every month of tbe year
to tbe roots of growing plants.
The great stone darn at Aswan is In
reality the keystone of modern Egypt,
This huge rampart of masonry, which
retuins a ‘JO foot head of water,
weighing 2,340,000 tons, is pierced at
its foot by 180 sluice-gates. These
gates, kept wide open when the an
nual flootT is coming down, lute in the
summer, are gradually closed when
the crest of the flood 1ms passed. By
January the reservoir is full nnd re
mains so during February and March.
When the supply of water begins
to fail, in the late spring and early
summer, sluices are opened and stored
water added to the normal discharge.
Great barrages are thrown across
the Nile farther downstream. These
are masonry obstacles laid across the
river's course to ruise the water in
the stream to the level of the Irriga
tion canals. The Nile barrage, a few
miles below Cairo, is capable of rais
ing the water level for the irrigation
of the entire delta by as much as 20
feet.
Crops Require Lots of Water,
Perennial irrigation, us has been ex
plained, means an all-year supply of
wuter to the Egyptian farmer. The
huge volume of water required for
irrigating the porous soils of the delta
under the blazing semltropleal sun
mny be put at about 20 tons per acre
per day us a minimum. Cotton-grow
ing requires nbout 23 tons of water
daily, while rice culture requires 60
tons.
.
Man and his works in Egypt have
existed only by grace of the river.
There has always been something
mysterious nbout the annual rise of
the Nile.
Such a seemingly slight
tiling us a reversal of the winds that
sweep in summer across equatorial
Africa from the Atlantic would cut
oft the annual flood and lay waste
the richest agricultural valley in the
world.
But while the annual, floods have
varied from time to time In volume
they have never in recorded history
been entirely cut off. The apparition
of the annual rise of the Nile is one
of nature's certitudes, as well estab
lished nnd as universally accepted as
the rising and setting of the sun.
The ancient Egyptians were con
tinually casting nbout for an explana
tion of the annual flood, but they
never succeeded in penetrating to the
heart of the mystery. There is no
longer the slightest mystery about a
subject that baffled ttie intelligence
of tbe ancient world. The White nnd
tbe Blue Mie, meeting ut Khartum,
form the great River Nile. The sources
of the Nile are, therefore, dual—the
one constant, the other variable.
The White Nile finds a catchment
basin In a series of lakes, of wldch
the greatest is Victoria, In equatorial
Africa. This lake Is some 2,500 miles
by river from where the great stream
debouches Into the Mediterranean.
The supply of water from the White
Nile Is fairly constnnt and Is sufficient
to furnish the River Nile with ap
proximately the volume of water reg
istered at mean low ebb.
From time Immemorial, however,
the prosperity of the country has de
pended upon the swollen flood that
overflows the banks of the river and
for weeks Inundates the surrounding
region. This blessed overflow Is the
result of other Nile sources, which
are something of s variable.
The Blue Nile nnd the River At
bara find their catchment basins In
tbe highlands of Abyssinia. Late In
the summer this region Is drenched
with torrential rains, caused by tie
mountain interception of equatorial
winds which draw across the heart of
Africa from the Atlantic. Then the
Blue Nile and the Atbara rise some
25 to 30 feet above their ordinary
levels, Mnd some weeks later these
freshet waters appear in Egypt as the
annual inundation of the Nile.
This so-called "red water" from the
Abyssinian highlands not only sup
plies moisture, hut also fertility te tbe
soils of agricultural Egypt
C h a m p io n is th e better spark plug
because it has an exclusive silli-
m anite in sulator spe
cially treated to w ith
stand the m u ch higher
te m p e ra tu r e s o f th e
m odern high-com pres
sion engine. Also a new
patented solid copper
gasket -seal th a t rem ains
absolutely gas-tight u n
der h ig h compression.
Special analysis elec
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fixed spark-gap u n der
all d riv in g conditions.
live longer on the average than Amer
lean women English men and Amerl
can men have about the same ex
pectatioo of life.
Bollo Brlten, statistician of the
United States public health service,
finds that the expectation of life which
decreases gradually the older the per
son, is higher for English women than
for American women at average age
between ten and eighty years.
The difference between the two
countries In this respect ranges from
about four years I d young woman
hood to less thnn one year at the age
of eighty.
This means that the Englishwoman
of twenty may expect to live to be
sixty-nine, while her American sister
may expect to reach an age of only
sixty-four or slxty-flve.
No attempt Is made by the public
health service to explain why this
difference In longevity exists between
the female populations and not be
tween the males.
C hampion
S p a r k jP lu g s
Toledo, Ohio
D e p e n d a b le
fo r
E v e ry
E n g in e
WORLD CRUISE $ 1 0 0 0
lew s s "CsieSotls" salts Jaa. II, I. t.
- ansi up
Havana. Panam a. Loa A ngeles. Hilo. Honolulu.
Japan. Hong Kong. Manila. Bangkok. (Siam ).
Java, Sum atra, Ceylon. India, E g y p t, N aples.
Monaco. H avre (P a r is): Europe stop-over in
iipring. Hotels, drivea. guides, fees. etc., included.
MEDITERRANEAN CRUISE
as **TroOO|4waotaM Jan. >O. OO days, t o o o up
Frank C. C lark,
T im e s B ld g ., N . T .
T h e M o re th e Lest
Editor (rejecting manuscript)—You
gee, a story has to be Just so to gel
into our magazine.
Would-be Contrib— Well, what's the
matter with this one?
Editor—It's only so-so.—Boston Mag
azine.
If one Is always the underdog, he’d
better emigrate.
TraiMM
BUSINESS. TRADES m PROFESSIONS
Kuroll au y tim e. Send for 1 Hera tu rs.
OREGON
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OF
TECHNOLOGY
F o r tL u id , O rv g o u
HOTEL ROOSEVELT
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F R A N C IS C O ’ *
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H O T E L W IL T S H IR E , San Francisco
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H A R R Y BOT LU
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NJB doubla.
O u U ld e room s w ith bath, $2
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B r e a k fa sts 16c. toe, flue; D inners S c , bunday |1 lAJ
Pipe Valves, Fittings
Pump Engines
Farm Tools & Supplies
ALASKA JUNK CO.
600 ton s n ew an d u sed b la ck an d galvan lgad
p ip e —a ll s iie s .
W ire, w rita ur l hona far
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J O B I < n —<SA1A A M U R HOOFING
Ju st n o a lv e d tw o ca r lo a d s w r y slig h tly
d a m a g ed g a lv a n iz ed . co rru g a ted roofing, la
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J O B I.OT— HOOFING P A P E R
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It A K B E S T E E L < O.
••The H i u se o f a M illion B a rg a in s’*
146-243 F r o n t dt.. P o r tla n d
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P ortland A^to W recking Cq.
R u g a ti P b e a u is and D w ig h t M lsuer
Any P art for ,\u > C ar A uy T im « for Lesa.
5 4 2 A ider S treat
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Portland. Oro.
M A ILyour FILM S »o us
“ Once a custom er. alw ays a c u i tornar**
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U"1 » " J 111 !1 - - f - 1 ! I T
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r o loi ?S2 « il I. Soo io« tt. r > n < l x
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Business Training Pays
Chance Brought Wild
Rice to United States
Rice came to America by accident. In
the year 1604 a rice-laden vessel from
Madagascar bound for Liverpool pul
in to Charleston harbor In a raging
storm. The captain, noting that the
land nnd soil near Charleston resem
bled that where the rice was grown,
gave the governor of the colony a
handful, telling him that It might grow
if planted, relates the Wasldngton
Star.
The governor planted the rice and
several months later harvested the
first crop ever grown In America
Since that »ime rice lias steadily ad
vanced until now it Is a lending prod
uct of tiie southern states, it first
spread into Georgia from the Caro
llnas, nnd with the beginning of the
Civil war It entered Loulslunn, now the
leading rice state of the Union It
gradually found Its way to Florida,
Mississippi, Alabama, Texas and. ficai
»,y into Arkansas. Later its cultivn
tlon woe tried with success in Cali
fornia.
IN S T IT U T E
Farmer Attention
Last year
1000 in
can place
W hen
H o te l R o o s e v e lt
we placed more than
good positions. W e
you when competent.
will you be ready?
O n e o f P O R T L A N D 'S N e w e r H otel»
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S<nd for Su£«4M Catalog
C om m on Sen»» S y s te m
Behnke-Walker Business College
SANITARY SCHOOL OF BEAUTY CULTURE
1 1th and S alm on Streets
Established 1909. Com plete course. $62 50, With
our com plete course you can w ork in any shop.
400-414 Ork ms Bldg.
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------------------- -- -------- 7 r i j i i i T 7 r , . - . r . - 7 « g
T h a t K in d
Harold—Little girl, you have made
me happy. Here is the ring.
Phyllis—is that II? Don't 1 get any
crackerjack with It?
So live that you- will make anoth
er man glad tlffit there are more of
the human race besides himself.
llraaai EARN B,G MONEY
H u O w n B u ffe t
Policeman (to arrested suspect)—
How do you account for all this all
verware lu your pocket?
Prisoner—Well, you see, officer, we
ain't got no sideboard at home.—Bos
ton T ranscript
STArT NH W 25 lo i>er ce n t l’ald w hile
w a U I a I v V w I le a rn in g P o sitio n »»ecured.
L ectu res w eek ly 32 co lleg e« W rite for c a ta lo g
W. N. U., P O R T L A N D , NO. 25 -192®.
Sees J a z z as E m p ire 's N e ro
Nero and Ids fiddle were no more
deadly than the saxophone and it»
•‘Did you ever see a room full ot companions, according to Sir Henry
women perfectly silent?”
Coward, a prominent English divine.
“Yes, once. Some one had asked Luxury and vulgar pleasure seeking,
which of those present was the old
lie says, brought Rome down Into the
e s t”—Toronto Telegram.
dust, nnd Jazz, he declares. Is trend
ing that way because It Is taking the
Old automobile casings are In de minds ol the people away from high
mand In Greece to make footwear for Blinking and spirituality. Besides,
the peasants, especially In Greek dark-skinned races Hint hold the
Macedonia and Thrace.
«Idles In uwe «'III cense to think of
the European ns a superman, and
when Hint state of mind comes to pass
Im p re s s e d
“That snlesnmn seems Interested In England's hold on its myriad subjects
the leopard.” “Sshl He thinks it’s a In Asia and Africa will be broken once
for all. Sir Henry boldly proclaims.
dotted lion.”
Just O nce
It Is tbe law that keeps "aforesaid''
alive.
If you can’t say one Is handsome,
looks distinguished.
sn.v he
that winf you to a finer fix
A
»
V \ BD w z//</ o f fin e andco/or- /u iu r y o f defa i f
a n d fin is h ^ fhesmoofit u n fa ffin g power
offhepafenfedrfeere'M rfve engine a n d
Zfo® fowesf p ric e i n fiis fo rtj -
*
STA NDARD U M € O A t «
IM P O R T A N T N O T IC E !
V . S. A u to T a * rep e ated
Ituy note
I T H th e W illy s -K n ig h t, yo u e n jo y th e velvet « m o n th -
W
n e w a n d s ile n t po w er o f th e p a te n te d d o u b le sleeve-
salve e n g in e — th e e n g in e w h ic h h a s in tro d u c e d a new
o r d e r o f c a re fre e m o to rin g to m o r e t h a n 300,000 e n
th u s ia s tic o w n ers.
N o w , w it h th e In tr o d u c tio n o f th e n e w S ta n d a r d S I, a t
a re c o rd lo w p ric e , XI illy s -K n lg h t 's lig h tn in g p ie k -u p ,
s u s ta in e d b r illia n c e , q u ic k a t a r t in g a n il m a rk e d econ
o m y a re a v a ila b le to ad ded th o u s a n d s o f o w n ers.
W illy a -K n ig h t
R h e s f r o m I'X T , t o
*26**» . i n t h e S t a n
d a r d 9 4s , S p e c ia l
5 4 « a n d C r o a t S i«
d i ' i a io n a .
“ rf eea
f . o . b . T o le d o ,
O h io , a o d a p e r i f i -
« » t ln iia « u b j e r t to
fk fla p » • 'lh o u t
n o t I r a . W illy a -
O v a r la n d . Io « .,
S p e r is i 51« H e d a n
G r o o t 51« S e d a n
’ 1495 ’ 1993
>o w s tili f u r t h a r
d ia t i n g u ia h e d b y
a d d e d r e h n e t n e n la
a n d b e a u t if u l n e w
e o lo v o p tio n a .
A la rg e r a n d m o re
p o w e rfu l m o to r now
in a u r a a e v e n h ig h e r
•p o o d a n d ll» a llo r
p U h -u p
W I L L Y S - O V E R L A N D , IN C
TOLEDO, O HIO
a t lo w e r p rice »!
IB