H A LSEY E N T E R P R IS E , H A L SE Y , O R E G O N , J E N E 2 1 , 192S English Women Live Oregon & California Directory Longer Than American Statistics show that English women S C H O O L F O R M E N Bhs Driver Buses have to operate on schedule and we make sure o f depend­ able service by using Champion Spark Plugs. Freight Barges on the Nile. (P rep ared by t h e N ation al Q eoarap hie S ociety. W ash in gton , D. C.) » » » / ■j—, GYI'T, in a dispute with England, has been once wore at the focus of world attention, as she has been many times In the sixty centuries that make up most of known history. Americans who visit Egypt know tlie country chiefly from tiie city stand­ point. They see through the eyes of the extremely polite dragoman who escorts them about tbe streets of Cairo or Alexandria. The man who sweats in the sun on bis tiny farm is an en­ tirely different creature. His scale of living is of the meanest The peasant population huddle In villages within the confines of four mud walls, homes which literally do not furnish them with a roof over their heads—wretched cabins improvised out of Nile mud, windowless ns well as roofless. No modern pots and pans, none of the contrivances and shifts of modern times ‘that go to­ ward rendering life easv nnd comfort­ able, and which enable the foreman of a section gang on an American rail­ road to l>e better warmed, lighted, and served with news than was Queen Elizabeth of England. We are accustomed to think of Egypt in terms of symbols—the Sphinx, Osiris, the Pyramids. The country has been a happy hunting ground for the archeologists, and their revelations turn us back through the abysms of time to the contempla­ tion of mysterious figures of the past, whether a sacretf bull or King Tut­ ankhamen. A country of wonders, no doubt; but the wonder of wonders is not tbe ancient relies dug from tbe earth, nor the mighty works of men's hands erected upon its surface, but ttie soil Itself—that longish strip of green fringing the River Nile for the better part of one thousand miles. Nature has dealt In niggardly fash ion with the land of Egypt. The coun­ try possesses no copper, no iron ore, no forests, no precious minernls, and no good steam coal. It Is fairly exact to remark that the country lacks all the prime prerequisites of modern in­ dustrialism. Agriculture is virtually the sole source of national wealth But even in tills field the country is extremely limited. Only a Strip of Habitable Land. Egypt is practically rainless nnd only one-twenty-fifth of the land is capable of cultivation. These fertile regions nre sandwiched in between the Arabian nnd Libyan deserts. While the urea of Egypt, not Including the Su­ dan, is 350,000 square miles, or about eiglit times the size cf the state of I'ennsylvanin, only a little more than 12,000 square miles are capable of cultivation. Over this relatively small strip of habitable land the population swarms some 1,100 to the square mile, whereas the population of Belgium, the (lens est in Europe, is 652 to the square mile. Yet, despite ail this, Egypt is probably the most perfect and exten­ sive farming laboratory that the world has yet seen. From an agricultural standpoint, the country presents a spectacle of three uniformities—climate, soil, moisture. Except for the region near the north coast, the country Is rain less nnd frosts nre unknown. The soil Is the same, formed by the sedi­ ment from Nile water. Now, uniformity is precisely the thing which the American farmer lacks. The main factor In crop yields is the weather, and the weather Is always the unknown quantity. The Egyptian solves his farming equation by knowing the value of it before he starts. With the American farmer, agricul­ ture is more or less of a gamble with nature, whereas the Egyptian farmer bets on a certainty. Farming, there­ fore, In Egypt comes nearer to being an exact science than in any other important country in the world. Where Man Surpassed Nature. In ordlnury speech, there Is always a tendency to personify nature, to observe that nature does this or that or works according to some well- ordered plan or design. While »lie thought is not exact, we can with some measure of truth speak of na­ ture's intentions about this planet and the life which flourishes upon Its surface. For example, we may ob­ serve with truth that nature never Intended Egypt, a comparatively sterile and drought-beset country, to supisirt from Its soil Its present popu­ lation of nearly 14.000.1»*) people. The Ingenuity of man, however, has contrived by art to supplement the gifts of nature. Nature ordained that the Nile should overflow once a year ar.d flood the agricultural plaint of Its valley, bestowing at once the twin gifts of moisture and fertility. When the flood has passed and the water lias subsided, the farmer sows his seed and grows his annual crop. Tra­ ditionally and historically, it is either a feast or afamine in Egypt. For a brief season the abounding flood, to be succeeded for the balance of the year by blazing suns and killing droughts. The Ingenuity of man has harnessed the great river by holding back the flood of waters during the freshet season and doling out these hus banded supplies during the lean months of the year. Through this device, streams of living water can be carried every month of tbe year to tbe roots of growing plants. The great stone darn at Aswan is In reality the keystone of modern Egypt, This huge rampart of masonry, which retuins a ‘JO foot head of water, weighing 2,340,000 tons, is pierced at its foot by 180 sluice-gates. These gates, kept wide open when the an­ nual flootT is coming down, lute in the summer, are gradually closed when the crest of the flood 1ms passed. By January the reservoir is full nnd re­ mains so during February and March. When the supply of water begins to fail, in the late spring and early summer, sluices are opened and stored water added to the normal discharge. Great barrages are thrown across the Nile farther downstream. These are masonry obstacles laid across the river's course to ruise the water in the stream to the level of the Irriga­ tion canals. The Nile barrage, a few miles below Cairo, is capable of rais­ ing the water level for the irrigation of the entire delta by as much as 20 feet. Crops Require Lots of Water, Perennial irrigation, us has been ex­ plained, means an all-year supply of wuter to the Egyptian farmer. The huge volume of water required for irrigating the porous soils of the delta under the blazing semltropleal sun mny be put at about 20 tons per acre per day us a minimum. Cotton-grow­ ing requires nbout 23 tons of water daily, while rice culture requires 60 tons. . Man and his works in Egypt have existed only by grace of the river. There has always been something mysterious nbout the annual rise of the Nile. Such a seemingly slight tiling us a reversal of the winds that sweep in summer across equatorial Africa from the Atlantic would cut oft the annual flood and lay waste the richest agricultural valley in the world. But while the annual, floods have varied from time to time In volume they have never in recorded history been entirely cut off. The apparition of the annual rise of the Nile is one of nature's certitudes, as well estab­ lished nnd as universally accepted as the rising and setting of the sun. The ancient Egyptians were con­ tinually casting nbout for an explana­ tion of the annual flood, but they never succeeded in penetrating to the heart of the mystery. There is no longer the slightest mystery about a subject that baffled ttie intelligence of tbe ancient world. The White nnd tbe Blue Mie, meeting ut Khartum, form the great River Nile. The sources of the Nile are, therefore, dual—the one constant, the other variable. The White Nile finds a catchment basin In a series of lakes, of wldch the greatest is Victoria, In equatorial Africa. This lake Is some 2,500 miles by river from where the great stream debouches Into the Mediterranean. The supply of water from the White Nile Is fairly constnnt and Is sufficient to furnish the River Nile with ap­ proximately the volume of water reg­ istered at mean low ebb. From time Immemorial, however, the prosperity of the country has de­ pended upon the swollen flood that overflows the banks of the river and for weeks Inundates the surrounding region. This blessed overflow Is the result of other Nile sources, which are something of s variable. The Blue Nile nnd the River At bara find their catchment basins In tbe highlands of Abyssinia. Late In the summer this region Is drenched with torrential rains, caused by tie mountain interception of equatorial winds which draw across the heart of Africa from the Atlantic. Then the Blue Nile and the Atbara rise some 25 to 30 feet above their ordinary levels, Mnd some weeks later these freshet waters appear in Egypt as the annual inundation of the Nile. This so-called "red water" from the Abyssinian highlands not only sup­ plies moisture, hut also fertility te tbe soils of agricultural Egypt C h a m p io n is th e better spark plug because it has an exclusive silli- m anite in sulator spe­ cially treated to w ith ­ stand the m u ch higher te m p e ra tu r e s o f th e m odern high-com pres­ sion engine. Also a new patented solid copper gasket -seal th a t rem ains absolutely gas-tight u n ­ der h ig h compression. Special analysis elec­ trodes w h ic h assure a fixed spark-gap u n der all d riv in g conditions. live longer on the average than Amer lean women English men and Amerl can men have about the same ex pectatioo of life. Bollo Brlten, statistician of the United States public health service, finds that the expectation of life which decreases gradually the older the per­ son, is higher for English women than for American women at average age between ten and eighty years. The difference between the two countries In this respect ranges from about four years I d young woman­ hood to less thnn one year at the age of eighty. This means that the Englishwoman of twenty may expect to live to be sixty-nine, while her American sister may expect to reach an age of only sixty-four or slxty-flve. No attempt Is made by the public health service to explain why this difference In longevity exists between the female populations and not be­ tween the males. C hampion S p a r k jP lu g s Toledo, Ohio D e p e n d a b le fo r E v e ry E n g in e WORLD CRUISE $ 1 0 0 0 lew s s "CsieSotls" salts Jaa. II, I. t. - ansi up Havana. Panam a. Loa A ngeles. Hilo. Honolulu. Japan. Hong Kong. Manila. Bangkok. (Siam ). Java, Sum atra, Ceylon. India, E g y p t, N aples. Monaco. H avre (P a r is): Europe stop-over in iipring. Hotels, drivea. guides, fees. etc., included. MEDITERRANEAN CRUISE as **TroOO|4waotaM Jan. >O. OO days, t o o o up Frank C. C lark, T im e s B ld g ., N . T . T h e M o re th e Lest Editor (rejecting manuscript)—You gee, a story has to be Just so to gel into our magazine. Would-be Contrib— Well, what's the matter with this one? Editor—It's only so-so.—Boston Mag­ azine. If one Is always the underdog, he’d better emigrate. TraiMM BUSINESS. TRADES m PROFESSIONS Kuroll au y tim e. Send for 1 Hera tu rs. OREGON ¥ . >1. C. A B h lg . OF TECHNOLOGY F o r tL u id , O rv g o u HOTEL ROOSEVELT •A N F R A N C IS C O ’ * N E W F IN K H O T K I. Every room w ith l . t h or ihuwrr. »3,00 to t3 W. Jon»« , t Eddy. Garage n ext door. H O T E L W IL T S H IR E , San Francisco -----------L n nion I _ Suu* re. ML b iock ton S r , near U H A R R Y BOT LU * Managar NJB doubla. O u U ld e room s w ith bath, $2 am« Court room s w ith bath. «2 uu a ln île . «•.’ {*> doubla. B r e a k fa sts 16c. toe, flue; D inners S c , bunday |1 lAJ Pipe Valves, Fittings Pump Engines Farm Tools & Supplies ALASKA JUNK CO. 600 ton s n ew an d u sed b la ck an d galvan lgad p ip e —a ll s iie s . W ire, w rita ur l hona far price»«— you ca n p o sitiv ely sa v e m -n ey . J O B I < n — C ar A uy T im « for Lesa. 5 4 2 A ider S treat • Portland. Oro. M A ILyour FILM S »o us “ Once a custom er. alw ays a c u i tornar** F irs t and T a y lo r Sis., P ortlan d, Oregon U"1 » " J 111 !1 - - f - 1 ! I T l « v WESTERN PHO SUPPLY CO. r o loi ?S2 « il I. Soo io« tt. r > n < l x - IT T a C om fortab le and Hotel Hoyt , PO RTLAND. OREGO N AUeUlelv Firegraat. P a rk in g » p a ce am i g a ra g e . Corner 6th and Hojrt Sta., N ea r l/n to n S ta tio n . Business Training Pays Chance Brought Wild Rice to United States Rice came to America by accident. In the year 1604 a rice-laden vessel from Madagascar bound for Liverpool pul in to Charleston harbor In a raging storm. The captain, noting that the land nnd soil near Charleston resem bled that where the rice was grown, gave the governor of the colony a handful, telling him that It might grow if planted, relates the Wasldngton Star. The governor planted the rice and several months later harvested the first crop ever grown In America Since that »ime rice lias steadily ad vanced until now it Is a lending prod uct of tiie southern states, it first spread into Georgia from the Caro llnas, nnd with the beginning of the Civil war It entered Loulslunn, now the leading rice state of the Union It gradually found Its way to Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas and. ficai »,y into Arkansas. Later its cultivn tlon woe tried with success in Cali­ fornia. IN S T IT U T E Farmer Attention Last year 1000 in can place W hen H o te l R o o s e v e lt we placed more than good positions. W e you when competent. will you be ready? O n e o f P O R T L A N D 'S N e w e r H otel» All room « h ave sh o w er or tu b , up DRi PROOF. 231 W. Park Ht. Coffee Shop . O a r a g e o p p o site. Ser ce n t l’ald w hile w a U I a I v V w I le a rn in g P o sitio n »»ecured. L ectu res w eek ly 32 co lleg e« W rite for c a ta lo g W. N. U., P O R T L A N D , NO. 25 -192®. Sees J a z z as E m p ire 's N e ro Nero and Ids fiddle were no more deadly than the saxophone and it» •‘Did you ever see a room full ot companions, according to Sir Henry women perfectly silent?” Coward, a prominent English divine. “Yes, once. Some one had asked Luxury and vulgar pleasure seeking, which of those present was the old lie says, brought Rome down Into the e s t”—Toronto Telegram. dust, nnd Jazz, he declares. Is trend­ ing that way because It Is taking the Old automobile casings are In de­ minds ol the people away from high mand In Greece to make footwear for Blinking and spirituality. Besides, the peasants, especially In Greek dark-skinned races Hint hold the Macedonia and Thrace. «Idles In uwe «'III cense to think of the European ns a superman, and when Hint state of mind comes to pass Im p re s s e d “That snlesnmn seems Interested In England's hold on its myriad subjects the leopard.” “Sshl He thinks it’s a In Asia and Africa will be broken once for all. Sir Henry boldly proclaims. dotted lion.” Just O nce It Is tbe law that keeps "aforesaid'' alive. If you can’t say one Is handsome, looks distinguished. sn.v he that winf you to a finer fix A » V \ BD w z//o w s tili f u r t h a r d ia t i n g u ia h e d b y a d d e d r e h n e t n e n la a n d b e a u t if u l n e w e o lo v o p tio n a . A la rg e r a n d m o re p o w e rfu l m o to r now in a u r a a e v e n h ig h e r •p o o d a n d ll» a llo r p U h -u p W I L L Y S - O V E R L A N D , IN C TOLEDO, O HIO a t lo w e r p rice »! IB