FAGK 10.
run ikni nui.ujtiN, iinnd, wi:inkhiay, novkmdku ut, iimu.
FAmvTEELS'
SERVICE department
All Inqutrir on turn tut(t wiU Im itrni careful Ami prompt MUntlen
&! by J. E. WACCONER
AdJM I H C SERVICE BUREAU
HARVESTER BUILDING CJUCACO
-H"
-3JJP
GUMBO SOILS
O. J. Dersrcr, of Budorn, Kanras,
writes: I nra on gumbo land, anil it
Is not vry well drained. 1 m tod
this land would Improve If iroprly
drained, and some tar H can't bo tiled,
for a paste forms around the tile and
tho water can't get through It How
would concrete tile do? Can you g'.xo
me any Information on tils subject?"
"What we usually refer to as gumbo
toll la a very heavy typo of toll. In
tome localities la Is very dark In color,
while In other places It Is slightly
grayish In color. In the state of Iowa
the gumbo soils are very dark aud
usually very heavy, while In parts of
Kansas, also other parts of Iowa, the
gumbo Is of a light color, often of a
reddish cast.
One of the first steps to take In
attempting to handle gumbo lard Is to
see that It Is well drained. The ve y
close grained, finely tcjturcd gumbo
soils of Iowa have been drained sue-
71
'i
RHHN
LBbKBBBBBBbVsTBb3
Proper Treatment for Gumbo Soil
cessfully both by using open ditches
and by using tile drain. In fact, some
of the gumbo soils that have been
tile drained often sell as high as JIOO
per acre The- experience in handling
the heavy, sticky soils Indicates that
It Is not necessary to place the tile, as
one would naturally think, close to
gether and as shallow as first consid
eration might Indicate. The espri
ence of farmers In the heavy, waxy
soils of Iowa shows that the tile lints
are often placed ten to twelve rods
apart, which Is amplo distance even
in some other types of soil. The best
way-to settle this mater, Inasmuch as
these soils vary considerably, Is to put
in as many lines of tile as you can con
veniently and watch tho effect, or uce
only one tile line and note the d s
tance It drains on either side. This
would take but a short time' for the
effect can usually be noticed on c:ose
observation.
It la highly Important that you have
u good outlet in attempting to use tl.
After tho land is well drained, the
next important step Is that of tillage.
It has been found that for all kinds of
conditions fall plowing Is the but for
gumbo soils. The action of freezing
and thawing during the winter months
renders the seed bed much more friable
and reduces the clods In a way that
cannot be accomplished by mechanical
means. Care should bo exercised net
to plow or to cultivate this type of
soli when It is unusually wet for it
puddles very quickly, forming e'ods
which can be reducced only by freezing
and thawing.
One of the objectionable features of
gumbo soil Is the tendonry to shrink
when drying out, thus injuring the
crop materially. The time that this
occurs Is usually during the summer
months. This objection may be over
come by surface tillage, nslng the
spring-tooth, peg-tooth or disk har
rows, together with cultivators, or any
other means of maintaining a surface
mulch to a depth of three or four
Inches.
Gumbo soils when well drained and
in a good state of cultivation, wnloh
may be maintained ai stated above, I
give splendid yields: in fact, better'
than some other kinds of soils in the i
corn belt. A frequent application of
stable manure is also Leneflc'al to'
these soils, Inasmuch as It supplies
vegetable matter, thus rendering the
soil lighter and putting It in a better
physical condition.
Borne claim that the cement tile are
more porous and thus permit a fre r
movement of the water than the c'ay
tile, but In reality there Is very ilt le
difference. As far aa the pores of the
tile becoming filled Is concerned, ose
would probably fill up about as quickly
as the other. A large percentage
of the water that enters the tile
goes through the Joints and does not
eoak directly through the tile. You
will find that well vitrified tile or
carefully made cement tile will serve
your purpose satisfactorily. In cases
where the trouble from alkali i4ex'
ceptionally severe, Jt may be best to
nso the clay tile in preference to the
cement.
Yours very truly,
111 C 8EIIVICE BUItEAJJ.
Sfe,
JlMuKlli . 1 U I
1' U.J.V
SILAGE
A' a farmers' Institute not long ago
the question was asked: How mauy
houncwlvea have silos? You can very
(nelly guess tho nature of the replica
to HU question, for none of those
present had much of nn Idea what n
silo really Is. After a abort explana
tion It was agreed that nearly every
one present In reality had n alio of
some kind. Some of these wero used
for saving fruits, corn, and others for
preserving cabbage for future ubo.
We don't really speak of these as
tllas, but the effect on tho saving of
these beds when placed In Jars la tho
came as It Is with corn when stored
In tho alio: In other words, allage la
green corn preserved by storing In an
airtight structure.
There probably are very few farmer
boya that do not remember somo rainy
day or evening when all hands got
busy preparing tho cabbage to fill the
kraut jar. Probably no thought waa
riven the subject because It was a
yearly task, and no one realized that
In effect the saving of tho cabbage by
making It Into kraut Is tho same as
making corn silage. It undoubtedly
served n good purpose In keeping tho
family In a healthy condition during
the winter months when other green
focd was not available The same la
true of silage, which affords a succu
lent and nourishing feed for tho live
stock. There may bo a question n to
whether all stock will eat the sour corn
silage but give them a chance and this
thought will ho quickly disponed, for
all stock eat silage very greedily, and
the returna In the form of milk and
meat wl'l amily pay for all tho trauLlo
and expense.
Yours ve y truly.
I II C SERVICE BUREAU.
VEGETABLE OILS
U 0. Miller, Ilernardston, Mass.,
writes as follows: "Could you kindly
give mo some Information about vege
table oils that are used as substitutes
for linseed oil? Where. In your opin
ion, cobld soy beans and sunflowers bo
most profitably grown?"
There are various oils to adulterate
linseed oil, but we are not aware of any
oil that will take Ita place, or even
add anything to Its value. It seems
that linseed oil Is the only one that
baa eter bren found that possesses the
proper drying qualities to secure tho
results des'red. Whatever Is added to
It seems merely to be a detriment.
Soy beans and sunflowers may bo
profitably Frown under some condi
tions. There are a great many regions
where they will grow satisfactorily,
and we believe that the mlddlo west
or went would perhaps give tho best
returns, all things considered. In
Colorado the Russian sunflower makes
a wonderful growth. It Is grown qulto
extensively for feeding chickens.
The soy bean Is a crop that will
stand a great deal of dry weather,
hence Is profitably grown on rothor
dry rolls, although It responds to
moisture as well perhaps as any other
crop. It Is Brown extensively through
out the south; also some of the hardy
varieties are found in the central sec
tion. If you are thinking of coming west
with a view to taking up such work
as growing these crops, you can get
information by addressing any of the
state colirgea In the west.
You may be able to obtain further
Information aa to vegetable oils by
addressing the Indian Itcfinlng Co.,
17 IlaUery Place. New York. N. Y.,
or the Union Petroleum Co., 35 South
Second street. Phl'adelphla, Pa.
Yours vey truly,
I II C SERVICE TJUREAU.
LAND DRAINAGE A NECESSITY
Well Drained Boll WW Give Beit Re
turns Car Should be Exercised
I
In Laying Tile Drains.
Reply to J. C. Tally, Stevenson, Ala
Drainage cornea first. If the land
needs It, and tile drainage is the mod
em and sensible way of draining. If
the soil la low in humus, stable manure
or vegetable matter must be added;
If it Is lacking In one or more of the
elements of plant food, these must be
supplied In commercial fertilizer,
stable manure and legurres; If It is
sour, an application of lime la nec
essary; If the soil Is compact and there
Is a bard pan, deep plowing must be
done. Rut If It needs drAlnage, static
manure, commercial fertl Izer. vege
table matter, lime, and deep plowing
will be of little avail.
There are many thousands of acres
of land that aro dry enough to induce
farmers to try to farm them and are
wet enough to soak all the profit out
of cultivating them. Drainage on
such soils Is very urgent
Drainage may be very simple or a
very complex problem. It may require
exact engineering no that every avail
able inch of fall may be utilized or the
location of the tile may be so apparent
that the average practical farmer can
easllylocate It with the eye. Detwecn
these two oxtrcniea Ihero nro casta
requiring varying degrecn of skill.
If It In a complicated proposition tho
lorvlcr a of a rcputahld engineer should
bo secured; If thoro nro merely wet
spots In your field, or It your field la
wet with plenty of fnll, you should
bo able lo locato and lay your tile with
no diniculty by following tho methods
outlined In the Vnlonlown, Alabama,
Canebrnko Experiment Station bul
letins. Numbers 3, B, C, and 10. Ho
sure that no mistake Is mado In tlllrtp
your land. Tiling land la expensive
and pi) on Id be dono right.
Yuur ve-y truly,
i ii o sehvice mmiuu.
HARVESTING ALFALFA
Reply to John McQeary, Canehlll,
Arkansas
"Can you tell mo when to cut alfalfa
so as not to Injure tho succeeding
crop? When la tho best time to liar
test red clover for hay?"
Tho usual practlco'la to cut alfalfa
when about one-tenth of the plants
nro In bloom, and if cut at this
stago there will not be so much dan.
ger of Injuring tho next crop aa It per
mitted to stand longer. From the
standpoint of feeding value It will
not depreciate to any extent until the
field Is practically In full bloom,
Hcd clover should bo harvested when
tho plants nro In bloom. If cut bo
fore this time It will be difficult to
cure bcuute of the amount of moist
ure cloter rontalna when green, while
on tho other hand, if permitted to
stand too long, tho leavca will break
off when curing, also tho stems will
tcotnc more fibrous and csarse, thus
decreasing tho qual.ty of tho hay.
GRASSES FOR WET LANDS
D. McWhlnnle, of Hearnlelgh. AI
berta, writes as fallows: "I have a
flat of about 100 acres or so. About
half of that Is covered with water In
tho spring, hlch dries out about the
middle of May so that one can work
the land. I had thought that I could
grow bay on It If I could get the grnss
started. Can you tell mo tho best
kind of hay, and the beet way to get
this land started In grass?"
If this land can be drained, the best
thing to do Is to drain It either by
using open ditches or tile, otherwise
It Is a rather difficult proposition to
handle.
The water standing on tho sail will
kill out most of the tamo grasses.
Canadian blue grnss and Kentucky
blue grass arc grown to some extent
In parts of Canada for pasture purposes-
Very few of tho tamo grasses
mill do so well on soils that aro wet.
The wild grasses, as a rule, grow very
welt an wet land. Tbo grasses that
do best on wet land arc red top, fowl
readow grass, combined with alslke
clover. Timothy will do fairly well,
and may be started by limply sowing
the seed without any culthatlan. We
have had no experience, however, lth
these grasses In your section, and this
Is only a stirgestlon on our part.
The amount of seed to bo sown de
pends on the kind of seed used. If
tbe red-top, rc-clcancd seed la used,
two or three pounds per aero will be
sufficient, while If he ordinary srrd
Is grown, twelve to fifteen pounds
of al'll.e clover seed per aero abculd
te mixed wlt'j this.
FARM CROPS
Stable Manure Supplies Many Plant
Food Elements and Adds Humus to
the Coll Calcium Should be Ap
plied. Howard Eldrldre. rortcrvlllc, New
York, writes aa follows: "I am a far
mer living in Erie county. New York.
Tho soil raise very good crops In
everything excepting wheat and oats
The average yield of this grain for tho
past few years bus been fifteen or
twenty bushels to the acre, as com
pared to fifty bushels to an acre a few
years ago. How can this land bo Im
proved?" The principal plant food elements
aro nitrogen, phosphorus, potsailum,
and calcium. These are necessary for
the production of crops. If any one
of these elements Is deficient. It will
mean that tho crop production will-bo
lessened. Continuous cropping with
out rotation, combined with poor cul
tivation, Is bound to result In de
creased yields.
The nitrogen can be replenished by
growing leguminous crops, auch as
clovera, cowpeas, soy beans, vetches,
etc. Also, by applying atatle manure,
or plowing under a legume as a green
manuring crop. By doing this you
not only supply nitrogen to your soil,
but you Improve Its physical condition
by adding vegetable matter.
Very few soils require potassium.
This la especially so of sandy soils,
although If the soli Is not In gcod
physical condition, tho potassium may
not be avallatlo, but If you supply the
vegetable matter either In tho form of
green manure or stable manure, It will
tend to make tho potassium available.
It may be necessary to supply phos
phorus In the form of a commercial
fertilizer, which may bo dono by using
finely ground phosphate rock, provid
ing the soil Is In the proper physical
condition. Tho phosphate rock will
cost you only about half as much and
contains practically twlco aa much
phosphorus as acid phosphate. The
beat way of handling rock phosphate
Is to spread It In tbe stables with tbo
bedding or to scatter it on the manure
pile. The decaying of tho stable
manure will tend to render the phos
phorus available.
The other principle clement, which
is especially Important If you expect
to grow If l intnouR cropa such ivi
clover and alfalfa, la cnlclum. This
may bo supplied by tho uso of finely
ground llinestonn rock. The need of
calcium la nhown by the preienro of
horse sorrel, and tho failure of I e mimes
to grow.
There Is another way of determining
tho acidity of thn soil or w lack of
cnlclum by tho tico of litmus paper,
which may bo purchnscd at any drug
iloro. P'nce the tnnat sol) around the
litmus paper for ten or fifteen minutes.
If tho blue paper Is turned ton plnklah
or reddish color, It will Indicate that
mir soil require Utnc. Finely ground
llmestono mny be applied at the rate
of from one to eight ton to the acre.
rnrMimir
fSraWSHr
I-
e i I
w I ?
t
3
e
o
depending upon how badly your soil
needs calcium, but the usual applica
tion varlca from one to four tons.
Tho othe.r factors h!ch enter Into
crop production are tho selecting of
good seed and tho preparing of the
soil. It I poitlhle that the seed that
you aro using has b ceo mo somewhat
run out and need to bo replaced ly
puro seed. Combine with this tbe
preparation of n good seed bed which
Is very Important In ordrr to obtain a
satisfactory yield of small grain.
Yours very tntly.
I II C 8BHVICR lll'UKAU.
If any macbtnn gave trouble, or Is
not up to dale, you can hardly afford
to 'store It and try to "got along" with
It another year. Inteallrato tho now
machine advertised, and you Mill Lo
surprised at tho Imirowmunts.
HTK.MHJIIAPIIY WORK.
Klrnogrnplirr nt Tlir HiiHrtln (if
(Iff will tukr roi)lti nml griii-rnl
Wjiew riling work at rruMiimhle mt(N,
Five
Important
New Features
of New
Model 5:
Two Color
Ribbon
Back Spacer
Tabulator
Tilting
Paper Table
Hinged
Paper
Fingers1
tad Other y
mm2l?2j0tl' ""TPj f m inin m4 vt im J I
II F Jvvfc Zm aflMHMBBiBBsn """ '" "'" "
II ih. 9bki 5i ii aVrssV9IBBBVHBBBa iipftMi
Illuminating.
Tho fullmvlim Item l snlil to npponr
In n list tif police rogiilntlorm pMitl
up on n hljtliwny In Ireland. "Until
further not loo ovory vohlnlo nuit
curry n Hirlit wlioii ilnrknw Im'uIik
DnrliiiKM begin whuti tho light hio
lit."
Dstptrats,
Aunt llutli- Tli hihI lo grow old
Her .Vlti.T- How intioh would ymi who
til he ii yiitinir n" I? Aunt ltulli-1
would nliiiu-t Miliinll to doing mm fixtl
lli Always Bptaklno,
Mr Join- I nlwn.v ttiliih iwlio h
Jfiiro I "I'ouk will' .It'bii Mr. Juno
IMltllltllfl I.SItrilV ,Mlinn iiinjiiiiir
till Ii it quirk thinker
----
R. II. DEYARA10ND I
Machine Shop and
Garage
Wo know how to do nil
kinds of Mnchlno Work.
THY US AND SEE.
Clover Leaf Dairy
PURE AV1LK
AND CRHAM
Ti!l.l!l'HUMl
and wo will deliver
S. L. STAATS, Prop.
tailoring
A fine line
or
Samples
just received.
Come in
nml
look them
over.
A. Anderson
TMH TAll.OR.
(On llrrll hi . l ilnuf t I A l(Jtlr )
memm',
THE New Model No. 5 Royal comes to you with
the unconditional guarantee that it will do
highest grade work for a longer time at less
upkeep" expense than machines usually listed at 33 tf.
per cent, higher in price 1
Think what that announcement means to typewriter uientl Hero
you have typewriter Insurance lomcthinu you have never before
been able to buy and this Iniurance co&ts you nothinm in fact,
saves you money I
With this big money savlnc, you deal with an orjranfcatlon that Is .
willing to stake unlimited resources on its claims and on its machine.
I These are the powerful facts that have led large concerns every
where, and important departments of the United States Government,
to adopt the Royal. For the same reason YOU should at least
Investigate it, and by all means learn about the new Improvements.
'Phono or Write for "TJie Royal Book," aad
1 Get r FREE DEMONSTRATION
r" Typewriter uien of all claiiei are laving the New Model $ demonitrattd In
mat offices. Let ui do the same for you abiolutcly without obligation
.Model 5, $75.00 'avJUi' No Extras .
THE BEND BULLETIN, Agent
I'Vull Two, Hen lea, I'Iuhcin, INc,
Prof. Minion nvJyuenU'it tho ulmit.
hill of fruit trcoa mill nil fruit for llio
homo orclmrd. Wo hiivn tho Imnll
vat of treus, linriloH, roao iilul lluvy
or t'Nioditlly mlnptotl for HiIn tiltl
tudo, nlmi orttitimmtnl trooa, IiimIkoh,
eto, Onlor now for spring ilotlvnry
Agbut will cull on roqiU'Ht. AihliuKii
lliirtwlu. Ourti llullotlii. Ailvurtlao-
niout.
iir.:in
rilATKUNAIj HOdKTIIIH,
I. O. O. )
lleml oiluo No, UIH
Itegulnr .Mooting nvury Monday nluht
Visitor wolcomu,
Ralph Hpoticer, J. K. Kngolirotsoti,
N. (1. Seorntiir).
M. W. W A.
Pilot llutlo Cntnp No. 0704
Meet every Tuesday In Hnther Hall.
Visiting Neighbor always wulvotne.
K. A. Bather, V. 0.
N. P. Welder. Clerk.
liiKsmrtTH umtiK no. ion
K. of v,
Mot tvery Wednes
day evening at K p. in.
Kulghla welcome.
In Caatlu Hall, K, A
Mather llldg. Visiting
M. A. Palmer, C. I
N. P. Smith, K. R. & H
nv.su uiixii: no. iim
A. I At A. M.
Meet on Tuesday uti or be
fore tho full moon of earlt
month. Visiting bruther
always welcomo.
J. I). DnvM.on, ' II. K. Allen.
W. M. Heoretary
I'lt.VrijUNAh llltOTIIHIIIIOOIl.
Regular mooting hold bv lii.l
Udgu No. K7 In Hnlhor' Hall ..i
tho first and. third Thursday evenine
each month. Visiting iiiombor t
order nlway welcome.
J. II. MINKR. Pre.
I'llh:!) IIUKY, Ke
ItltltltUAIIN.
Rum! lidgo N(. JS meet eterv
i-ewid ami fourth Krldny oTeiiltu.
iUthr' Hall. VImIIIuk brotb-iN
and alstnr welcomed.
MRS. A. I.. FHHNCII. N (I
MRS. U. M. lllt.UMI, Hoc
ltovAfr.Ni:iciii iuiiTk
Regular meeting nit second a l
third Friday evening at Rather M
Hall.
MRH. A. C l.l'CAH, Oracle
MRS. A. ORCl'TT, Recorder
fi
II