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About The Bend bulletin. (Bend, Or.) 1903-1931 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 27, 1912)
FAGK 10. run ikni nui.ujtiN, iinnd, wi:inkhiay, novkmdku ut, iimu. FAmvTEELS' SERVICE department All Inqutrir on turn tut(t wiU Im itrni careful Ami prompt MUntlen &! by J. E. WACCONER AdJM I H C SERVICE BUREAU HARVESTER BUILDING CJUCACO -H" -3JJP GUMBO SOILS O. J. Dersrcr, of Budorn, Kanras, writes: I nra on gumbo land, anil it Is not vry well drained. 1 m tod this land would Improve If iroprly drained, and some tar H can't bo tiled, for a paste forms around the tile and tho water can't get through It How would concrete tile do? Can you g'.xo me any Information on tils subject?" "What we usually refer to as gumbo toll la a very heavy typo of toll. In tome localities la Is very dark In color, while In other places It Is slightly grayish In color. In the state of Iowa the gumbo soils are very dark aud usually very heavy, while In parts of Kansas, also other parts of Iowa, the gumbo Is of a light color, often of a reddish cast. One of the first steps to take In attempting to handle gumbo lard Is to see that It Is well drained. The ve y close grained, finely tcjturcd gumbo soils of Iowa have been drained sue- 71 'i RHHN LBbKBBBBBBbVsTBb3 Proper Treatment for Gumbo Soil cessfully both by using open ditches and by using tile drain. In fact, some of the gumbo soils that have been tile drained often sell as high as JIOO per acre The- experience in handling the heavy, sticky soils Indicates that It Is not necessary to place the tile, as one would naturally think, close to gether and as shallow as first consid eration might Indicate. The espri ence of farmers In the heavy, waxy soils of Iowa shows that the tile lints are often placed ten to twelve rods apart, which Is amplo distance even in some other types of soil. The best way-to settle this mater, Inasmuch as these soils vary considerably, Is to put in as many lines of tile as you can con veniently and watch tho effect, or uce only one tile line and note the d s tance It drains on either side. This would take but a short time' for the effect can usually be noticed on c:ose observation. It la highly Important that you have u good outlet in attempting to use tl. After tho land is well drained, the next important step Is that of tillage. It has been found that for all kinds of conditions fall plowing Is the but for gumbo soils. The action of freezing and thawing during the winter months renders the seed bed much more friable and reduces the clods In a way that cannot be accomplished by mechanical means. Care should bo exercised net to plow or to cultivate this type of soli when It is unusually wet for it puddles very quickly, forming e'ods which can be reducced only by freezing and thawing. One of the objectionable features of gumbo soil Is the tendonry to shrink when drying out, thus injuring the crop materially. The time that this occurs Is usually during the summer months. This objection may be over come by surface tillage, nslng the spring-tooth, peg-tooth or disk har rows, together with cultivators, or any other means of maintaining a surface mulch to a depth of three or four Inches. Gumbo soils when well drained and in a good state of cultivation, wnloh may be maintained ai stated above, I give splendid yields: in fact, better' than some other kinds of soils in the i corn belt. A frequent application of stable manure is also Leneflc'al to' these soils, Inasmuch as It supplies vegetable matter, thus rendering the soil lighter and putting It in a better physical condition. Borne claim that the cement tile are more porous and thus permit a fre r movement of the water than the c'ay tile, but In reality there Is very ilt le difference. As far aa the pores of the tile becoming filled Is concerned, ose would probably fill up about as quickly as the other. A large percentage of the water that enters the tile goes through the Joints and does not eoak directly through the tile. You will find that well vitrified tile or carefully made cement tile will serve your purpose satisfactorily. In cases where the trouble from alkali i4ex' ceptionally severe, Jt may be best to nso the clay tile in preference to the cement. Yours very truly, 111 C 8EIIVICE BUItEAJJ. Sfe, JlMuKlli . 1 U I 1' U.J.V SILAGE A' a farmers' Institute not long ago the question was asked: How mauy houncwlvea have silos? You can very (nelly guess tho nature of the replica to HU question, for none of those present had much of nn Idea what n silo really Is. After a abort explana tion It was agreed that nearly every one present In reality had n alio of some kind. Some of these wero used for saving fruits, corn, and others for preserving cabbage for future ubo. We don't really speak of these as tllas, but the effect on tho saving of these beds when placed In Jars la tho came as It Is with corn when stored In tho alio: In other words, allage la green corn preserved by storing In an airtight structure. There probably are very few farmer boya that do not remember somo rainy day or evening when all hands got busy preparing tho cabbage to fill the kraut jar. Probably no thought waa riven the subject because It was a yearly task, and no one realized that In effect the saving of tho cabbage by making It Into kraut Is tho same as making corn silage. It undoubtedly served n good purpose In keeping tho family In a healthy condition during the winter months when other green focd was not available The same la true of silage, which affords a succu lent and nourishing feed for tho live stock. There may bo a question n to whether all stock will eat the sour corn silage but give them a chance and this thought will ho quickly disponed, for all stock eat silage very greedily, and the returna In the form of milk and meat wl'l amily pay for all tho trauLlo and expense. Yours ve y truly. I II C SERVICE BUREAU. VEGETABLE OILS U 0. Miller, Ilernardston, Mass., writes as follows: "Could you kindly give mo some Information about vege table oils that are used as substitutes for linseed oil? Where. In your opin ion, cobld soy beans and sunflowers bo most profitably grown?" There are various oils to adulterate linseed oil, but we are not aware of any oil that will take Ita place, or even add anything to Its value. It seems that linseed oil Is the only one that baa eter bren found that possesses the proper drying qualities to secure tho results des'red. Whatever Is added to It seems merely to be a detriment. Soy beans and sunflowers may bo profitably Frown under some condi tions. There are a great many regions where they will grow satisfactorily, and we believe that the mlddlo west or went would perhaps give tho best returns, all things considered. In Colorado the Russian sunflower makes a wonderful growth. It Is grown qulto extensively for feeding chickens. The soy bean Is a crop that will stand a great deal of dry weather, hence Is profitably grown on rothor dry rolls, although It responds to moisture as well perhaps as any other crop. It Is Brown extensively through out the south; also some of the hardy varieties are found in the central sec tion. If you are thinking of coming west with a view to taking up such work as growing these crops, you can get information by addressing any of the state colirgea In the west. You may be able to obtain further Information aa to vegetable oils by addressing the Indian Itcfinlng Co., 17 IlaUery Place. New York. N. Y., or the Union Petroleum Co., 35 South Second street. Phl'adelphla, Pa. Yours vey truly, I II C SERVICE TJUREAU. LAND DRAINAGE A NECESSITY Well Drained Boll WW Give Beit Re turns Car Should be Exercised I In Laying Tile Drains. Reply to J. C. Tally, Stevenson, Ala Drainage cornea first. If the land needs It, and tile drainage is the mod em and sensible way of draining. If the soil la low in humus, stable manure or vegetable matter must be added; If it Is lacking In one or more of the elements of plant food, these must be supplied In commercial fertilizer, stable manure and legurres; If It is sour, an application of lime la nec essary; If the soil Is compact and there Is a bard pan, deep plowing must be done. Rut If It needs drAlnage, static manure, commercial fertl Izer. vege table matter, lime, and deep plowing will be of little avail. There are many thousands of acres of land that aro dry enough to induce farmers to try to farm them and are wet enough to soak all the profit out of cultivating them. Drainage on such soils Is very urgent Drainage may be very simple or a very complex problem. It may require exact engineering no that every avail able inch of fall may be utilized or the location of the tile may be so apparent that the average practical farmer can easllylocate It with the eye. Detwecn these two oxtrcniea Ihero nro casta requiring varying degrecn of skill. If It In a complicated proposition tho lorvlcr a of a rcputahld engineer should bo secured; If thoro nro merely wet spots In your field, or It your field la wet with plenty of fnll, you should bo able lo locato and lay your tile with no diniculty by following tho methods outlined In the Vnlonlown, Alabama, Canebrnko Experiment Station bul letins. Numbers 3, B, C, and 10. Ho sure that no mistake Is mado In tlllrtp your land. Tiling land la expensive and pi) on Id be dono right. Yuur ve-y truly, i ii o sehvice mmiuu. HARVESTING ALFALFA Reply to John McQeary, Canehlll, Arkansas "Can you tell mo when to cut alfalfa so as not to Injure tho succeeding crop? When la tho best time to liar test red clover for hay?" Tho usual practlco'la to cut alfalfa when about one-tenth of the plants nro In bloom, and if cut at this stago there will not be so much dan. ger of Injuring tho next crop aa It per mitted to stand longer. From the standpoint of feeding value It will not depreciate to any extent until the field Is practically In full bloom, Hcd clover should bo harvested when tho plants nro In bloom. If cut bo fore this time It will be difficult to cure bcuute of the amount of moist ure cloter rontalna when green, while on tho other hand, if permitted to stand too long, tho leavca will break off when curing, also tho stems will tcotnc more fibrous and csarse, thus decreasing tho qual.ty of tho hay. GRASSES FOR WET LANDS D. McWhlnnle, of Hearnlelgh. AI berta, writes as fallows: "I have a flat of about 100 acres or so. About half of that Is covered with water In tho spring, hlch dries out about the middle of May so that one can work the land. I had thought that I could grow bay on It If I could get the grnss started. Can you tell mo tho best kind of hay, and the beet way to get this land started In grass?" If this land can be drained, the best thing to do Is to drain It either by using open ditches or tile, otherwise It Is a rather difficult proposition to handle. The water standing on tho sail will kill out most of the tamo grasses. Canadian blue grnss and Kentucky blue grass arc grown to some extent In parts of Canada for pasture purposes- Very few of tho tamo grasses mill do so well on soils that aro wet. The wild grasses, as a rule, grow very welt an wet land. Tbo grasses that do best on wet land arc red top, fowl readow grass, combined with alslke clover. Timothy will do fairly well, and may be started by limply sowing the seed without any culthatlan. We have had no experience, however, lth these grasses In your section, and this Is only a stirgestlon on our part. The amount of seed to bo sown de pends on the kind of seed used. If tbe red-top, rc-clcancd seed la used, two or three pounds per aero will be sufficient, while If he ordinary srrd Is grown, twelve to fifteen pounds of al'll.e clover seed per aero abculd te mixed wlt'j this. FARM CROPS Stable Manure Supplies Many Plant Food Elements and Adds Humus to the Coll Calcium Should be Ap plied. Howard Eldrldre. rortcrvlllc, New York, writes aa follows: "I am a far mer living in Erie county. New York. Tho soil raise very good crops In everything excepting wheat and oats The average yield of this grain for tho past few years bus been fifteen or twenty bushels to the acre, as com pared to fifty bushels to an acre a few years ago. How can this land bo Im proved?" The principal plant food elements aro nitrogen, phosphorus, potsailum, and calcium. These are necessary for the production of crops. If any one of these elements Is deficient. It will mean that tho crop production will-bo lessened. Continuous cropping with out rotation, combined with poor cul tivation, Is bound to result In de creased yields. The nitrogen can be replenished by growing leguminous crops, auch as clovera, cowpeas, soy beans, vetches, etc. Also, by applying atatle manure, or plowing under a legume as a green manuring crop. By doing this you not only supply nitrogen to your soil, but you Improve Its physical condition by adding vegetable matter. Very few soils require potassium. This la especially so of sandy soils, although If the soli Is not In gcod physical condition, tho potassium may not be avallatlo, but If you supply the vegetable matter either In tho form of green manure or stable manure, It will tend to make tho potassium available. It may be necessary to supply phos phorus In the form of a commercial fertilizer, which may bo dono by using finely ground phosphate rock, provid ing the soil Is In the proper physical condition. Tho phosphate rock will cost you only about half as much and contains practically twlco aa much phosphorus as acid phosphate. The beat way of handling rock phosphate Is to spread It In tbe stables with tbo bedding or to scatter it on the manure pile. The decaying of tho stable manure will tend to render the phos phorus available. The other principle clement, which is especially Important If you expect to grow If l intnouR cropa such ivi clover and alfalfa, la cnlclum. This may bo supplied by tho uso of finely ground llinestonn rock. The need of calcium la nhown by the preienro of horse sorrel, and tho failure of I e mimes to grow. There Is another way of determining tho acidity of thn soil or w lack of cnlclum by tho tico of litmus paper, which may bo purchnscd at any drug iloro. P'nce the tnnat sol) around the litmus paper for ten or fifteen minutes. If tho blue paper Is turned ton plnklah or reddish color, It will Indicate that mir soil require Utnc. Finely ground llmestono mny be applied at the rate of from one to eight ton to the acre. rnrMimir fSraWSHr I- e i I w I ? t 3 e o depending upon how badly your soil needs calcium, but the usual applica tion varlca from one to four tons. Tho othe.r factors h!ch enter Into crop production are tho selecting of good seed and tho preparing of the soil. It I poitlhle that the seed that you aro using has b ceo mo somewhat run out and need to bo replaced ly puro seed. Combine with this tbe preparation of n good seed bed which Is very Important In ordrr to obtain a satisfactory yield of small grain. Yours very tntly. I II C 8BHVICR lll'UKAU. If any macbtnn gave trouble, or Is not up to dale, you can hardly afford to 'store It and try to "got along" with It another year. Inteallrato tho now machine advertised, and you Mill Lo surprised at tho Imirowmunts. HTK.MHJIIAPIIY WORK. Klrnogrnplirr nt Tlir HiiHrtln (if (Iff will tukr roi)lti nml griii-rnl Wjiew riling work at rruMiimhle mt(N, Five Important New Features of New Model 5: Two Color Ribbon Back Spacer Tabulator Tilting Paper Table Hinged Paper Fingers1 tad Other y mm2l?2j0tl' ""TPj f m inin m4 vt im J I II F Jvvfc Zm aflMHMBBiBBsn """ '" "'" " II ih. 9bki 5i ii aVrssV9IBBBVHBBBa iipftMi Illuminating. Tho fullmvlim Item l snlil to npponr In n list tif police rogiilntlorm pMitl up on n hljtliwny In Ireland. "Until further not loo ovory vohlnlo nuit curry n Hirlit wlioii ilnrknw Im'uIik DnrliiiKM begin whuti tho light hio lit." Dstptrats, Aunt llutli- Tli hihI lo grow old Her .Vlti.T- How intioh would ymi who til he ii yiitinir n" I? Aunt ltulli-1 would nliiiu-t Miliinll to doing mm fixtl lli Always Bptaklno, Mr Join- I nlwn.v ttiliih iwlio h Jfiiro I "I'ouk will' .It'bii Mr. Juno IMltllltllfl I.SItrilV ,Mlinn iiinjiiiiir till Ii it quirk thinker ---- R. II. DEYARA10ND I Machine Shop and Garage Wo know how to do nil kinds of Mnchlno Work. THY US AND SEE. Clover Leaf Dairy PURE AV1LK AND CRHAM Ti!l.l!l'HUMl and wo will deliver S. L. STAATS, Prop. tailoring A fine line or Samples just received. Come in nml look them over. A. Anderson TMH TAll.OR. (On llrrll hi . l ilnuf t I A l(Jtlr ) memm', THE New Model No. 5 Royal comes to you with the unconditional guarantee that it will do highest grade work for a longer time at less upkeep" expense than machines usually listed at 33 tf. per cent, higher in price 1 Think what that announcement means to typewriter uientl Hero you have typewriter Insurance lomcthinu you have never before been able to buy and this Iniurance co&ts you nothinm in fact, saves you money I With this big money savlnc, you deal with an orjranfcatlon that Is . willing to stake unlimited resources on its claims and on its machine. I These are the powerful facts that have led large concerns every where, and important departments of the United States Government, to adopt the Royal. For the same reason YOU should at least Investigate it, and by all means learn about the new Improvements. 'Phono or Write for "TJie Royal Book," aad 1 Get r FREE DEMONSTRATION r" Typewriter uien of all claiiei are laving the New Model $ demonitrattd In mat offices. Let ui do the same for you abiolutcly without obligation .Model 5, $75.00 'avJUi' No Extras . THE BEND BULLETIN, Agent I'Vull Two, Hen lea, I'Iuhcin, INc, Prof. Minion nvJyuenU'it tho ulmit. hill of fruit trcoa mill nil fruit for llio homo orclmrd. Wo hiivn tho Imnll vat of treus, linriloH, roao iilul lluvy or t'Nioditlly mlnptotl for HiIn tiltl tudo, nlmi orttitimmtnl trooa, IiimIkoh, eto, Onlor now for spring ilotlvnry Agbut will cull on roqiU'Ht. AihliuKii lliirtwlu. Ourti llullotlii. Ailvurtlao- niout. iir.:in rilATKUNAIj HOdKTIIIH, I. O. O. ) lleml oiluo No, UIH Itegulnr .Mooting nvury Monday nluht Visitor wolcomu, Ralph Hpoticer, J. K. Kngolirotsoti, N. (1. Seorntiir). M. W. W A. Pilot llutlo Cntnp No. 0704 Meet every Tuesday In Hnther Hall. Visiting Neighbor always wulvotne. K. A. Bather, V. 0. N. P. Welder. Clerk. liiKsmrtTH umtiK no. ion K. of v, Mot tvery Wednes day evening at K p. in. Kulghla welcome. In Caatlu Hall, K, A Mather llldg. Visiting M. A. Palmer, C. I N. P. Smith, K. R. & H nv.su uiixii: no. iim A. I At A. M. Meet on Tuesday uti or be fore tho full moon of earlt month. Visiting bruther always welcomo. J. I). DnvM.on, ' II. K. Allen. W. M. Heoretary I'lt.VrijUNAh llltOTIIHIIIIOOIl. Regular mooting hold bv lii.l Udgu No. K7 In Hnlhor' Hall ..i tho first and. third Thursday evenine each month. Visiting iiiombor t order nlway welcome. J. II. MINKR. Pre. I'llh:!) IIUKY, Ke ItltltltUAIIN. Rum! lidgo N(. JS meet eterv i-ewid ami fourth Krldny oTeiiltu. iUthr' Hall. VImIIIuk brotb-iN and alstnr welcomed. MRS. A. I.. FHHNCII. N (I MRS. U. M. lllt.UMI, Hoc ltovAfr.Ni:iciii iuiiTk Regular meeting nit second a l third Friday evening at Rather M Hall. MRH. A. C l.l'CAH, Oracle MRS. A. ORCl'TT, Recorder fi II