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About Hillsboro independent. (Hillsboro, Washington County, Or.) 189?-1932 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 8, 1905)
SUPPLEMENT TO 1IIM.SIJOKO IXDEPKXDKXT. r KID AT, DECEMBCB 8, 1905 PRESIDENT'S " MESSAGE Federal Rate Supervision Is the Theme ECONOMY IN EXPENSES th earliest tlm sura regulation of Indus- . n.oics dki ten rcgniaed In the ac Ilun of ll,. lawmaking bodiee; and all that i t-rop.H is u meet the changed conditions in auto nuunrr aa am prevent th. common wealth abdicating th power It ha aiwaya fM'T''"J n"1 unll' I" thla country, but ai in ajigiand, before and unit una country be cam a ee.arale Natio Il bat b-n a mlafortun that tha Nailonal as pernicious aa a rebate IB an; othar way. No lower rata hould apply un gooua lai-url-! than actual:)- lta.. w oou...'.;. uuUa from th Atlirrlcan weboard lu dresinatloa aft' crpl 111 curl whera water competition la lb control. ing Influenc. There eliould ba pub licity of tha account of cummou carrier, no cummua rmn ngeged n interstate bualnaaa enouid keep any book or memoranda mhar tnan thoee reported pureuant to lew or rrgu- ...... i. subject hav hitherto baan of a I latu.n. and three book or inrnioranda ahoul.l . " ,, wroniDitiva ratnar man an ar- i ua open lo tha inaction of tha Government, nmaiivs kind, and atlll mora that thay h j Only In thl way ran vloiatlotie or evasions 'n art sought to prohibit what could not of tha law be auraly detected. A system of ua effectively prohibited, and hava In part i examinall hi of railroad account should ba Monroe Doctrine Should Be Main . tained Inviolate. MORE LIBERAL PHILIPPINE TARIFF Communication It Submitted and Lis tened to Simultaneously In tha Two Houses Confer Cit izenship on Porto Ricana. in Washington, Ie S Prestdant Rooga-r-vlt'g massage, as da livared to bota bouses ol Con g reft! lu.iuws ; To th tienats ant Houm of Representatives: Th petals of this country coutluua to an Joy great pro(?rl(y. Undoubtedly thera will ba abb ana flow In auch prosperity, and thia abb and flow wilt ba felt mora or tcatf by all mambera uf th community, both by tha de serving and tha undeserving. Against tha wrath of tha L-urd tha wisdom of man cannot avail; la times of flood or Uruught human in genuity can but partially repair tha ill Mat ter. A general failure of crops would hurt all of ua. Again, If tha folly of man mara tha general well being, then tha who aia Innocent of tha fullv will hava to bay uart uf tha penalty Incurred by tlioea who ara guilty completa stop to rebatea In avery ahape of tha fullv. A uanlu brought on by tha ' - form. i nis power to reguiata ratea, ai.eruiatlvs folly of Dart of the bualneaa Mm Han all similar power over tha businesa munlty would hurt tha whole burtneaa com- world, houltl be exercised with moderation, munlty, Hut auh atoiitaia of welfare, thuuich caution, and af-rpstralnt ; but It should It mUht b a ver, would not ba lasting. In 1 lit. ao that It ran ba affectively exercised tha long run tha ona vital factor In tha pr- when tha need arises. m i. frit proHixtrtty of the country la the high Individual character of tha avt-ruKe American Worker, tha average American cltlscn, no mat ter whether hie work b 'tnental or manual, whether ha be farmtr or wagf worker, bual neaa man or nmreariional man. In our InduRtrlal and social system tha In In their proUibaiona confounded what ihuuid ba allowed and what ahuuld not ba allowed. U la generally ueeleea to try to prohibit all reatraint on competition, whether thla re straint ba reaaunabta or unreasonable; and here It la not ueelaaa It la generally hurtful. fc.venta hava ahuwa that it is not puibia adequately to mun tha enforcement of any law of thla kind by tnceseant appeal to tha courta. Tha Department of Juallca haa for tha last four year devoted mora attention to tha enforcement of tha anti-trust legisla tion than to anything else. Much haa been accompiiahed; particularly marked haa been tna moral effect of tha proaeeutlons; but It la increasingly evident that there will ba very insufficient beneficial .esult In the way or economic change. Tha auccesMful prosecution of ona device to avada tha law immediately developa another device to ac eompuah tha aama purpose. What la needei la not sweeping prohibition of avery arrange ment, good or bad, which may tend to re etr.ct competition, but auch adequate aupar vim n and regulation aa will oreveni anv re strli'tlon of competition from being to tha ueinmeni or tha public aa wall aa such supervision and regulation aa will prevent otner abuaes In no way connected with re met ion of competition. Of these abuses. perhapa the chief, although by no means tha only one. la overcapitalisation generally it self tha result of dishonest promotion be cauae of tha myriad evtla It brings In Its train; for such overcapitalisation often means an Inflation that Invltea bualneaa panic; to always conceals the true relation o th profit earned to tha capital actually In vested, and It creates a burden of Interest paymente which Is a fertile causa of lin proper reduction in or limitation of wagea it damagea tha email Investor, dlacourages thrift, and encourages gambling and specu latlon; while perhapa worst of all la tha trlcklneas and dlahoneaty which It imulle: for harm to morals la worse than any pos elble harm to material Interests, and the debauchery of politics and business by great dishonest corporations Is far worse than any actual material evil they do the public Lntll the National Government obtains, In soma manner which tha wladom of the Congreaa may suggest, proper control over tha big corporations engaged In Interstate commerce that la, over the great majority of the big corporations It will ba Impossible to deal adequately with these evils. I am well aware of the difficulties of tha leglalatlon that 1 am suggesting, and of tha need of temperate and cautious action securing It. I should emphatically protest again nt improperly radical or hasty action, Tha first thing to do la to deal with tha great corporations engaged In tha businesa of Interstate transportation. Aa I aald my message of December 4 last, tha Imme diate and most pressing need, ao far as legislation Is concerned. Is tha enactment Into law of aoma schema to aecura to the agenta of tha Government auch supervision and regulation of tha rates charged by tha rail road a of tha country engaged In Inter state traffic as shall summarily and rffec tlvely prevent tha Imposition of unjust or unreasonable ratea. It must Include putting Tha first consideration to ba kept In mind la that the power should he affirmative and ahould be given to some administrative body created by the t'ongress. If given to the present Interstate t'ommerce Commission or to a reorganised Interstate Commerce Com .H .. i k , . 77 o"" unequivocally admlnlHtrative. I do not be that In the Immense majority of rasea tralght dt-allng man who by hla efficiency, by his Ingenuity and Industry, benefits him- n,-n of rtl pruductlv capacity who bacon,-. !,k!n n)' W"r.k "h"'.h PPrlHy Hava In tha (Jovarninant Intarfarlnir with prlvata hunlnaaa mora than la nacraaary do not hallava In tha Government under rich by tuldlna tha labor of many othar m?n dor ao by anabllng thrm to produca mora than thay could plodilc without hi (uld ba left In prlvata handx. ltut nelthar do beltav In tha Government flinching from veraeelng any work when It heroines avl mica; and both ha and they eiliatra In tha dent that ahuaea ara aura to obtain therein benefit, which cornea alao to th puhlla Wre. The ulernclal fact that th sliarlnk may b unequal rnunt never blind ua to tha unlcaa thera la governmental aupervlalon. It I not my proline to Indicate tha exact terma of tha law which ahould ba enacted; underlying fact that thera Is thla sharing, and but 'H ,h attention of tha t'ongrraa to that tha benefit oomea In aome dearee to each certain ell. ling condltlona with which It la man concerned. Normally the wageworker. denlrahl to deal. In my Judgment the mo.t th man of small means, and th average con- Important provlalon which auch law ahould aumer, a well as the average producer, ara contain la tnat conferring upon aome com all alike helped by making condition auch petenl administrative body the power to de nial th man of ei.'eptL.nal bualneaa ability clde, upon tha rasa being brought before It, receives an exceptional reward for hla ability, whether a given rate prescribed by a rail rlomethlng can be done by leglalatlon to help road Is reasonable and Juat, and If It Is tha general prosperity; but no auch help of a found to be unreaeonahle and unjust permanently beneficial character can ba given then, after full Investigation of the to the lei-s) able and less fortunate, save aa the complaint, to preeerlhe the limit of results of a policy which (hall Inure to th rate beyond which It shall not ba advantage of all Industrials ami efficient peo- lawful to gi ths maximum reasonable rale, pie who act decently; and thla Iff only another 'as It Is commonly called this derision to go wsy of. saying that any benefit whk h conies to Into effect within a reasonable time and to the Iras able and lea fortunate maul of ne. obtain from thence onward, aubject to re- cesslty come even more to the mora able and view by the courta. It aometlmea happens more f.wtunste. If, therefore, the leaa f..r- at present, not that a rate la too high, but tunste man la moved by envy of his more a favored shipper Is given too low a uroi.ier w euiae ai wie cunoiuon rate. In such IBs the Commission would under whlih they bsve both, though equally pr'tered, the result wtll sssuretlly be that while damage may come to the one struck at. It will visit with an even heavier load the one who etrlkea the blow. Taken aa a whole, wa muet all go up or go down together. Corporwtmne. Tet, while not merely admitting, but Insist. have the right to tlx this already established minimum rata as the maximum; and It would need only ona or two such decisions by th Commission to cur railroad com panies of the practice of giving Improper minimum ratea. 1 call your atteutlon to the fact that my proposal Is not to give the CoinmUslon power to Initiate or originate Ing upon thla It Is also true that where ther rates generally, but to regulat a rats al I no Governmental reatraint or auiwrvtalon, ready fixed or originated by th roada, upon a .me of th exceptional men una their aner- complaint and after Investigation. A heavy gles not In way that ar for th common penalty should b exacted from any corpora good, but in wsy which tell against this ti,,n which falls to respect an order of the common good. The fortune amassed through Commission. I regard this power to estab coriH.iate urgnnlratlon are now ao large, and ,h a maximum rat as being essential to vest such poer In those that wield them, a y scheme of real reform In the matter of to make It a matter of necessity to give to ,allway regulation. The first necessity Is to the sovereign-thai la, to the Government, ,,,.ur I; .nll unleas It I granted to the which represent, the people a a whoi-om. ,.ml,MllB ,h,r, ,. Mtt, u, ln ,ouching effective power of supervision over their cor- . ln subject at all. borate use. In order to insure a healthy o- I . .. . clal and Industrial lite, every big corpora-' Illegal transaction, often occur under the tlon should be held responsible by and be ar- '""ne of law. It haa often occurred that a countable to. .m aoverelgn strong enough to "PPr haa been told by a traffic officer to control It con.iict. 1 am in no lenee hoe- bu '" luantlty of aoma commodity tile to corporate na. Thla la an age of com- nl ,h'n 'tr It haa been bought an open blnatlon, and any effort to prevent all com- reduction la made In the rate to take effect blnatlon will ba not only uaelraa, but In the Immediately, the arrangement resulting to end vlcloue, berauae of the contempt f.r law the pront of the one ahlpper and the one which the failure to enforce law Inevitably ' ral Iroad and to the damage of all their pnelurr. Wa ahould. moreover, recognise In 1 compel Itora; for It must not b forgotten cordial and ample fashion the Immense good 1 that the big shippers are al least as mucn effected by corporate agencira In a country i to blam aa any railroad In th matter of auch aa ours, and th wealth of Intellect, en- rebates. The law should make It clear ao argy and fidelity devoted to their aervlce, that nobody can fall to understand that any and therefore normally to th aervlc of th kind of commlsaion paid on freight ahlp public, by their officer and director. Th menta. whether In thla form or In th form corMrallon haa coma to atay. Juat aa the trade of fictitlou damagea or of a conceaalon. a union baa come to stay. Kadi can do and fre paia, reduced paasengKr rata or pay ha done great good. Kach ahould be favored ment of brokerage, la Illegal. It I. worth ao long aei It dt-a good. Hut each ahould be while considering whether It would not b sharply checked where It act against law wise to confer on th Government the right and Justice. 0f civil action against the beneficiary of a o long aa the flnancea or tha Nation ara rebate for at leaat twice th value of th re- gept upon an honest hast no other question bate; thla would help atop what la really of internal economy with which the Congreae blarkmall. Klevator allowance should b is the power to deal begina to appoach in .topped, for they have now grown to .urh an Importance the matter of endeavoring to ee- ,,, ,h., th,y ,r demoralising and ar cur prner Indiastrtal condition under which uaf a. rebate.. the ln.1lvl.lual-and especially the great cor- The best Dosslbl regulation of rate would. or course, be tnat regulation secure. ny an provided urn. ar to that Bow condu.tej Into the National bank by th bank eaamlnets, a few llial. clean railroad accountanta. If they had proper directi.m and proper authority to Inapact booka and papara. cuuid accoinullsh much In preventing willful vlolatlona of tna law. It would not b neceaaary for them to examine Into th accounta of any raklioau uti les for good reasons they wet directed to do ao by th Internal c'ommerc CommlM lon. It I greatly to b dreired that aoma way might be found by which an agreement a to trauaporlallou within a state intended to operate a. a fraud upon the Federal Inter etate commerce Law could be brought under the Jurla.ii lion of th Federal authorities. Al present It occur that large Mhipmente uf In terstate traffic are cimrolled by concession, on purely etate businesa. which of couis amounts to an evasion, of th law. Th Com mission should hav power to nforc fair treatment by tha great trunk lineal of laUral and branch Una. I urge upon th Congee ea th need of pro viding for espedltloua action by the Interstate Commerce Commtealtm In all theee matters, whether In regulating ratea for traneportaUon or for storing or f. handling property or commotlttlee In transit. The hlatory of the raeeei litigated under tha present commerc act shows that Ita efficacy ha been to a great drgre detroyd by tha weapon of delay, al most the most focmldabl weapon in the hand of thoa whoa purpoa It I to violate th law. lel m mo.t earnestly say that thatw recom mendations ar not mad in any spirit of hostility to tha railroads On ethical gr. Hinds, on grounds of rlgtit, auch hostility would be intolerable; and on grounda of mere National Bef-lntereat we must remember that auch he tlllty would tell against the welfare not mere ly of soma few rich men, but of a multitude of email Investors, a multitude of railway employee, wageworkera; and moat aeverely against tha Interest of the public ss a whole. I believe that on the whole our railroad have don well and nt III; but the railroad men who wish to do well eihould not be exposed to competition with those who have no such . sirs, and th only way to serur this end Is to gtvs to aome Government tribunal tne power to aee that Juatlca la done by the un willing exactly aa It Is gladly done by th willing. Moreover. If some Government body as given Increased power the effect will ba to furnish authoritative anewer on behalf of the railroad whenever lrratlmal clamor against II la raised, or 'whenever charges made against It are disproved. I ask this legislation not only in the Interest of the public, but In the Interest of the honest rallnaid man and the honest shipper alike, for It la they who are chiefly Jeoparded by tha practice of their dla honest competitors. This leglalatlon should b enacted in a spirit aa remote ss possible from nysterla and rancor. If wa of the American body politic ar true to the tradition we hav Inherited w etfiall always acorn any ef fort to maka ua hat any man because h la rich, Juat as much as we should acorn any effort to malt us look down upon ir trsat contemptuously any man because he I poor. Wa Judga a man by Ma conduct that la. ty his character and not by hla wealth or Intel lect. If ha make his fortuns honeatly. there la no Juat cause of quarrel with him. In deed, we have nothing but the klndlleat feel Inge of admiration for the aucceaaful bualneas man who behaves decently, whether he has made his succran by building or managing a railroad or by shipping goods over that rail road. The big rallnaid men and big shippers sre simply Americans of the ordinary type who have develojied to an extraordinary de gree certain great bualneaa qualities. They are neither better nor worse than their fellow- Itlsens of smaller mennn. They are merely more able In certain lines snd therefore eg Mised to certsln peculiarly strong temptations. These temptations have not sprung newly Into heing; the exceptionally sucreasful among man kind have always been exposed to them: but they have grown amaxlngly In power as a resuit of the extraordinary development of Induatrlal Ism along new lines, and under these hew con ditions, whlrh the lawmakera of old could not foreaee and therefor could not nrovidn against, they have become so aerlousi and menacing as to demand entirely new remedies. It Is in th Interest of th best tyi of rail riaicl man and the best tvne of shipper no leew than of th public that, there should be Governmental supervision and regulation of these grest business) oleratlons, for the same reason that It la In th Interest of th eur IMiratlon which wishes to treat Ita employe rlsht that there ahould be an effective em ployers' liability act. or an effective s yes em of factory laws to prevent tha abuse of women and children. All such legislation frees) the corporation that wishes to do well from being uriven into doing ill in order to compete Ith It rival, which prefers to do III. v 'Sire to set UD a moral standard. There ran be no delusion more fatal to the Nation than th delusion that tha standard f profits, of btsilness nmais-rlty. Is eiufflrlent In ludaln any business or political question from rat legislation to municipal government. Huslnesa sncoes. whether for the Individual or for the Nation, la a good thing only ao far aa It Is ompanled by and develops a hlsh standard of conduct honor, Integrity, civic courage. Th kind of business) nroetierlty that blunts the standard of honor, that puts an Inordinate ! are behindhand, and to secure approximate ntnt a pun la my annual meeeage to th Klfty-e'.hth Cungreaa, at Ita third session. 1 called atten tion tu the necessity for legislation requir ing the use of blovk signals upon railroad engaged la Internal commerce. The num ber of serious collisions upon unblocked road that hav occurred within th past year adds fore to the recommendation then made. Th Congress should pruvlde, by ap proprlats legislation, for In Introduction of block signals upon all railroads engaged In interstate commerce al the earliest practi cable date, as a measur of lucraaaed safety to tha traveling public. Through decisions of the Supreme Court of the tailed states and the lower Federal courta In cases brought before them for adjudication the safety-appliance law has been materially strengthened, and the Gov eminent has been enabled to se.-urs It rffectiv enforcement lu almost all cases, with th result that th condition of rail road equipment throughout the country I much Improved and railroad employe per form their dutle under afer conditions than heretofore. The Government most eflectlv aid In arriving at this result has been It. inspection service, and that these Improved rooumone are not mor general 1 que to th Insufficient numl.er uf Inspectors em ployed. Th Inspection, service has fully demonstrated Its usefulness, and In appro priating for Ita maintenance th Conaresa should make provlalon fur an Increas In th numbr of Inspector. Hour af I-abor of Kallroad Kmploye. Th excesslv hour of labor to which rail road employee la train aervlce are In many eases subjected Is also a matter which may well engage the serious attentlun of the Congress. The strain, both mental and physical, upon those who ar engaged In the movement and operation of railroad train under modern condition I perhapa greater than that which exlata In any other Industry, and If thera are any reaaona for limiting by law th hour of labor In any employ ment, they certainly apply with peculiar .'orce to the employment of thoae upon whose igllance and alertness ln ths Dei furmanca of their duties the safety of all who travel oy rail aepenas. Kmployrrs' IJwhlllty Ijim. In my annual meaeage to the Plfty-aev entn lungress. at Its second session, 1 rec ommended th passag of an employes' Ita blllty law for the District of Columbia and in our Navy-Yards. I renewed that recom mendatlon In my message to the Hfty eJghth Congress, at It second session, and further suggested ths sppolntment of a com mission to make a comprehensive study of employers' liability, with a view to tna en actment of a wis and constitutional law covering the Subject. aDtllleabla to all In dustrles within ths scops of the Kederal power. I hop that such a law will be pre- pareu ana nactea aa speedily a possible Labor. Th National Government ha aa a ruls but Utile occasion to deal with the for mldable group of probleme connected more or leas directly with what la known aa the labor question, for In the great majority of caaea tneae probleme must be deal with by me state ana municipal authorities and not by tha National Government. Th National Government has control of the District of Columbia, however, and It ahould see to It that the City of Washington I made a model city In all respects, both as rrgsrds parks, public playgrounds. Droper regulation of th system of housing so aa to do away with th vlla of alley tenementa, a proper system of education, a proper system of dealing with truancy and juvenile offenders, a proper handling of the charitable work of the District. Moreover, there should be proper factory laws to prevent all abuse. In ths employment of women and children In the District. These will be useful chiefly as object lessons, but even thla limited amount of usefulness would be of real Natlunal value. Ther has been demand fo depriving courta of ths power to Issue Injunctions In labor dispute. Huch special limitation of th equity powers of our courts would be most unwise. It Is true that some Judges hav misused this power: but that does not Justify a denial of the power any mors than an Improper exercise of the power to call a strike by a labor leader would Justify the denial of the right to strike. The remedy Is to regulate the procedure by requiring the Judge to glv due nolle to th adverse parties before granting the writ, the hear ing to be eg parte If the adveraa party dora not appear at th time and place ordered. What la due hotlr must depend upon the fact of th rase; It should not b used a a pretext to permit violation of law, or th Jeopardising of life or property. Of couree. this would not authorise the Issuing of a restraining order or Injunction In any cas In which It Is not already authorised by ex isting law. I renew tha recommendation I mad In my last annual message for an Investiga tion by the Department of Commerce and Labor of general labor conditions, especial attention to be paid to the condition of child labor and child-labor legislation In the several siaies. rluch an Investigation should tak into account th various problem with which the question of child labor Is connected. It Is true that these problems ran ne actually met In most cases only by the states themselves, but It would be well for the Nation to endeavor to secure and publish comprehensive Information as to the conditions of the labor of children In the different states, so as to spur up those that Klnlry th stat Department exerrleed It In- nueuce, through dip.omallo channeie. to pre vent unjuat discrimination by foielgu cuux. Irtre ageinel American Inauiauce eoiupanira. 1 brae utgotlatloua llluetiated the propriety uf the t'o4igiae recognising the Natloiiai char KeUsial irg legation the atate Iepaitmeiit could wuy give ej reas4on to u.e wlsioe of the au lliorltlea of the arveral ataw-e. wh.4 policy waa ineffective through want of unllornuty. I repeat my preyloua recommenilatlon that the Congreae ahould alao consider whsttisr ths Kederal Government haa any power or owea any duty with respect tu domeailc It anaactlorai in Inauianc of aa Intel etate character. That a. ale eupervleltrtl has proved Inadequate la generally conceded. The burden upou inaur ance conipaulee, and therefore their policy l.oldera. of conflicting rtguiatlona of many latte, la unquestioned. While but little ef fective check as linpoaed upon any able and uiiecrupuloue) man who dvatrva to rxplotl the ahould Include severe penalties against hint' ho a-vrs o: r.:,I.M a , ,oe tu.etoleU la Influence his act or opinion as an elector; and provlalona for the publication not only of the expenditure for nominatlona and elections of all camlldatea. but also ot all contributions received and expenditures mada by political committees " 1 desir to repeat this recommendat Iob. la . political campaign la a country as large and populous as our It Is met liable that thero should be much expense of an entirely Icg't.mate kind. This, of course, means that many r ntributlona, and aome of them ot large else, must be made, snd, aa a matter if fact. In any big political contest aurti contrtLutlona ate alwaye mada to both aides. It la entirely pruper both to give and re ceive them, unless there Is an improper mo live connected with either gift or reception. If they are extorted by any kind of pressure company in hie own Interest at the expense of i or promise, express or Implied, direct or in llis policy holders and of th public. The direct, in the way uf favor or Immunity. Inability of a atate to regulate effectively In- then the giving or receiving becomes nut auranc lorporallone created under the laweionly Improper but criminal. It will un of trther atatta and transacting tha larger part doubtedly be difficult aa a matter of prac- of their business eles-where la aiao e'ear. Aa a remedy ' t this evil of conflicting. Ineffective and et burdensome regulations to re haa been for many years a wpltaaread demand tor reueral aupervlalon. Ths Congress hss al ready recognised that Interatate llvauiance may be a proper subject for Federal legists tlon, for In creating the Hureau of Corpora lionet It authorised It to publish and supply uaeful Information concerning Interatate cor porations, 'Including corporations engaged In insurance." It is obvious that If the com pllatliai of statistics be the limit of th Fed eral power It la wholly Ineffective to regu late thla form of commercial Intercoura be. tween th tatea, and a th Insurance buel. nese has outgrown in magnitude the iHMielbtl, Ity of adequate etate auuervtahm, the Con- grea nould carefully oonalder whether rur Iher IraMatlon can be had. What la aald abov applies with equal force to fraternal and benevolent organisation which Couttact tor 1U inuranc. Th Hjv enure. There I mor need of stability than ot the attempte to attain an Ideal perfection In the niethoda ot ralalng revenue; and the ahork and strain to the bualneaa world cer tain to attend any serious change tn thea methoda render auch change Inadvisable un. lesa for grave reason. It la not poaslbl to lay down any general rule by which to determine the moment when the reasons for will outweigh the reasons agalnat auch a change. Much mual depend, not merely on the needa. but on th deslree of the people as a whole; for needs and desires are not necessarily Identical. Of course no Changs can be made on line beneficial to, or desired by, one section or one atata only. Ther must be something ilk a general agreement among the rltlsena of the aeveral atatea, aa represented In the Congreae, that tha change la needed and desired In the Interest of the people aa a whole; and there should then be a sincere, intelligent, and disinterested effort Ileal detail to shspe an act which shall guard with reasonable certainly agalnat auch) misconduct; but If II la poasible to aecura by law tin full and verified puhll. ailon In detail of all the auma contributed to and extended by the randldalea or committees of any political parties the result cannot but be wholesome. All contributions by corpor ations to any political committee or for any political purpose should be forbidden by lew, directors should Bet be permitted lo use stockholders' money for such Duruoseal snd, moreover, a prohibition of this kind would be, aa far aa it went, an effectlvw method of atopping the evils aimed at Irs corrupt practice acta No only ahould both, the National and the aeveral state Legis latures forbid any officer of a corporation, from using th money at th corporation Ira or about any election, but they should also forbid such uss of money In connection with) any legislation save by the employment ot counsel la public manner for distinctly IrgaB services. The llugue C oaf e renew. The first conference of nations held at Tha Hague in IKnu. bring unable to dtxpuse of atk the business before it, recommended tha consideration and settlement of a number ot Important questions by another conferenca to b called aubsequently and at an early dale. Thee question were lire following: III The right and dutle of neutrals; ilil the limitation of th armed forces on land- and aea, and of military budgets: id) th us. of new types and calibers of military and. naval guns; th Inviolability of prlvala- propeny at sea In times of war; (,M the bombardment of ports, cities and villages by naval forces In October, lltot, at the In stance of the Interparliamentary l:nlon. which, at a conference held In the I nlted tttatea and attended by the lawmakera of II- dlftirant natlona, had reiterated tha demand for a second confetenre of natlona, 1 lasued. to maka It In such shape aa will combine, so lnlli.tlna to all the powers signatory to far a possible, the maximum of good to the The Hague convention to send delegates to peopls al large with the mlnmum of necea- s'li h a conference and suggested that It be aary dlaregard for the special Interests of again held at Ths Hague. la Its nuts ot localities or classes. Hut In time of peace Drcembei la, linn, the I nlted feUalea Guv the revenue niuat on the average, taking eminent communicated to tha represenla a series of year, together, equal the expendl- live, of foreign government it. belief ihat lures or else the revenues must be Increased, th conference could be best arranged un-I-ast year ther wa a deficit. I'nleaa our d-r the provision ot th preaeai Haaua- expenditures can bs kept within th rev- treaty. enuea then our revenue law must b read- From all the powere acceptance was re- Justed. It I a yet too early to attempt to reived, coupled In aome cars a with tha con- outilne what ahape such a readjustment dltlon that we should wait until tha end of should take, for It la as yet too early to say "e war then waging between Ituasla an t wnetner ther will b need for It. Japan. l ne rJT) per or uf Kussla, immediately aner me treaty or peace which so hsuplly terminated this war. In a note presented to the rrtesdent on September l:i, through Am baraador Koeen. look the Initiative In recom mending that the conference be now called.. The Cnlted Htatee Government, In reapoiiee. It should be considered whether It Is not deslrbale that the tariff lawa ahould provide for applying aa agalnat or In favor of any other nation maximum and minimum tariff ratea established by the i ongreee, ao aa to aecura a certain reel prodty of treatment between other natlona '""'d lua cot dial acquiescence snd stated! ana ourselves. Having In view even larger " , " - "'"" course, tasw ronsnii rations of polit y than those uf purely economic nature, ll would. In mv Judgment, be well to endeavor to bring about closer commercial connections with the other peoples of this continent. I am happy to bs sble to announce to you thai itua-ia now treat us on th most-favored- natlon basis. Kronomy In Kipendltures. I earnestly recommend to th Conaress tne need of eronomy and to this end of a part In the new rfsnfervnee and endeavor to- rurther lie aln.s. We assume that all civilised governments will support the movement, and. Ihat the conference Is now an aa-urid fact. Thl Government will do everything In It, power to secure ths succeaa of th confer enc to the end that substantial progress may be made In th causo of International peace,. Justice and good will. During the laat century there has hern B distinct diminution In the aumber of wars- between the nu civilised natlona. Interna. rigid scrutiny of apprnprlatlona. As exam- "onal relatlona have become closer, and tha plea merely, I rail your attention to one or ueveiopmeni or i ne Hague tribunal la not only honeat agreement among the railroads them, selves to carry out tha law. Huch a general agreement would, for Instance, at one put a top tn th effort ot any on big shipper or big railroad to discriminate againat or se rur advantage over aom rival; and such poratlons doing an Interatate buelneee are to act. The makers of our National Constitu tion provided erlally that th regulation of Interstals commerr should corns within th aphers of the General Government. The arguments In favor of their taking thus stand were even then overwhelming. Hut they ar Tar stronger ioomt. in iew toe . ... j- . , , . ... . . . rv -lop-real of great businesa agencies, Uiu- ,"' . . . ' . .. i I . Jl i ny corporate In f.wm. Kxp-rlenc. ha. aho.n ""VM "V"? '", ' "''i"? 'h . T 1 conclusively that It I useleaa to try to set tx""r vested In th. Government to put B any adequst. regulation and supervision of -tP yr''m'nt ,0 ,h? -''nient thea. great corporation, by .tat. ..-Hon. Kurh P"" huld- ,rnJr J"1"-. nnt regttiatlon and .upervl.lon can only be effect- rnled by power to permit, under .perilled Iveir egerrised by a a.vereign whoee Junadlc- -condition, and careful .upervl.lon. agree tlon I. coexten.lv with th field of work of th ment. clearly In th Interest of th public, coroorsllons-thst I., by th National Gov- Hut, In my Judgment, th necessity for glv ernment I believ that thl regulation and Ing thl. further power Is by no means as gupervieson rsn b obtained by th nact- great aa th necessity for giving th Com ment of law by th Congrea. If thla prove, mlaslon or administrative body th other Imprvasible. It will certainly b necessary ul- power I hav enumerated abov; and It tlmateiy tn confer In fullest form such power may well be Inadvisable to attempt to vest upon the National Government by a nrorer thla particular power In th Commission or amendment of th Constitution. It would oh- other administrative nociy until it already viousiv he unwise to endeavor to eecure au.-h possesses and Is exercising what I regard as an smendment until It ka certain that the by far the most Important power of all the result cannot be obtained under the Constltu- powers 1 rerommend Be Indeed the vitally Hon as it now I. Th Isw of th Conaree important power that to fix a given mail and of th aeveral state hlthert.v, aa passed ( mum rate, whlrh rate, after the lapse of upon by the courts, hav resulted mora often i reasonable time, gn Into full effect, Sub- In ahowtng trat tn assies nave no power in 1 Ject to review ny tne eourve ths matter than that th National Govern ment haa power; an that ther at present ex ist B very unfortunate condition of things, under which thee great corr-orat lone doing an interatate businesa orcurr the position of subjects without a s-vereign. neither any atat government nor th National Govern, ment bavlng effective eontml over them. Our eteedr aim ahould be by leglalatlon, rautloue Ir and rarefuliy undertaken, but reaolutely persevered In. to aseert th sovereignty of th -vationel 0errnmBt by arTlnriatlv action. Thl I only in form sa Innovation. In ubxaae It ks mersly a restoration; tor fraa All private-car lln.e. Industrial roads, re frigerator charge and th Ilk ahould be ex pressly put under the aupervlalon of th In. trtat Commerr Commksaton or aom similar body ao fr aa rate, and agreement practl rally affecting rate, ar concerned. The pri-e.te-ear owner and th owners of Induatrtal railroads are entitled to a fair and reason able rompensstlon on their Investment, but neither private car. nor Induatrtal railroad or apur track ahould b utilised aa devlree for securing preferential rates. A re Nat In Icing charges, or In mileage, or In a aivietoa a tna rata for refrigerating ohargs la Jul alus on mere wealth: that make a man ruth leea and conscienceless In trade and weak and cowardly In cltlsn-i-hlp, la not a good thing at ail. nut a very bad thing for the Nation Thla Government stands for manhood first and for bualneaa only aa an adjunct of man noa. Ths question of transportation lies at th root of all Industrial success, and th revo lution In transportation which ha taken Place during the last half century has been the moat Important factor In the growth of the new Industrial condltlona. Moat em- phatically we do not wish to aea the man of grent talenta refused th reward tor hla talent. still less do we wish to aea him penalised; but w do dealr to aee th at. m or railroad transportation so handled tnat in strong man shall b given no ad aniaga over tne weak man. W wish to Inaur aa fair treatment for th small town for the big rliy; for th small shipper ss for th big shipper. In th old day the highway of commerce, whether by water or ny a roaa on land, was nnen to all: it be longed to th public and th traffic along it waa free. At present th railway is this hlghwsy. and we must do our best tn see tnat It Is kept open to all an enual terma. nilke ine old highway It la a verv difficult and complex thing to manage, and It la tar better that It ahould be managed by prl. vaie lnaivuiuais than by the Government. nut ll ran only bs ao managed on condl tlon that Justice Is done th public. It la becsuse. In my Judgment, public ownership or railroad is highly undesirable and would probably In this country entail far-reaching oleaster, inal I wish to see such supervision sna regulstlon of them In ths Interest of ths public aa will make It evident that ther i no need for public ownership. Th op ponents of Government regulstlon dwell upon th difficulties to be encountered and the Intricate and Involved nature of the problem. Their contention I tru. It I a complicated and delicate problem, and all klnda of difficulties ar sur to arts In con nettion with any plan of aolutlon. while no plan will bring all th benefits hoped for by Its mor optimletio adherenta Moreover, under any healthy plan, the henenta wtll develop gradually and not rapidly. Fi nally, w must clearly understand that th publio servants who ars to do this pecullsrly reaponalhl and deiicat work must them elve bs of th highest typ both as re gard Integrity and efficiency. They must be well paid, for otherwise able men cannot In th long run be secured; and they muat poasess a lofty probity which will revolt ss quickly at the thought of pandering to any gust of popular prejudice aaslnst rich men ss at the thought of anything even remotely re.eo.ouiiB suuserviency to rich men. Hut nne I fully admit the dlfflculilee In ths way, I do not for a moment admit that these difficulties warrant us la stnnnlne in our effort to eerure a win. and lust -t.m They should hsva no other effect than to apur us on to th nereis of th resolution, th even-handed justice, and th fertility of resource, which we like to think of as typically American, and which will In th end achlev good result In this as In other field of activity. Th task la a great on and underlie th task of dealing with th who! industrial problem. Hut th fact that It Is a great problem does not warrant us in shrinking from ths attempt to solve It. At present we fare such utter lark of super vlsioa. such freedom from ths restraints of law, that xcnent men hav often been literally forced Into doing what they de. p In red because otherwise they were left at the merry of unscrupulous competitors. To rsll at and aaeall the men who, hav e dose aa they beat could under such eonditloe ac rompllahee little. What we need to do Is to dsvelop an orderly system: and surh a sys tem can only eome through ths gradually Increased agents, of th right at ef Helen t Ueveramsat aaairoL ly uniform legislation of a high character among the several states, in such a republic as ours the one thing that we cannot afford to neglect Is the problem of turning out de rent cltlxens. Ths future of the Nation de pends upon the rltlxenshlp of the genera tions to come; the children of today are thoa who tomorrow will ahap the destiny of our land, and we cannot afford to neglect them. The Legislature of Colorado haa rec ommended that the National Government provide some general measure for the pro tection from ahuae of children and dumb animals throughout th I'nlied states. I lay ths matter before you for what 1 trust will be your fsvorable consideration. The Department of Commerce and Labor should also make a thorough Investigation of the rondlttone of women In Industry, over .YoHMi.tHiO American women ar now engaged In gainful occupational yet there la an al moat complete dearth of data upon whlrh to baa any truatworthy conclusion, as re gard, a sol, ject as Impnrtsnt as It Is vast and complicated Ther I need of full knowledge on which to has action looking toward atat and municipal leglalatlon for th protection of working women. The tn. troductlon of women Into Industry I work Ing change and disturbance in th domestic and aoclal Uf of th Nation. Th decrease In marriage, and especially In th birth rat, haa been coincident with It. W' muat face accompiiahed facta, and the adjustment to factory condition must b made: but urely.lt ran be made with less friction and leaa harmful efferte on family life than la now the case. Thia whole matter In reality forma one of the greateat soriologlral phs nomena of our time; It la a social question if the first Importanre, of far greater Im portance than any merely political or sen nomlc question can be; and to aolv It we need ample data, gathered In a aan and rientlflc aplrtt In th coura of an rx austiv Investigation. lasuranra. Th great Inauranra companies afford atrlk. Ing example of coritoratlona) whoa bualneaa has extended en rar beyond th Jurisdiction of th atatea which crested them aa to preclude strict enforcement of supervlelon and regula tion by the parent atatea. In my laat an nual meeeage I recommended "that the Con gresa carefully consider whether the power of the bureau of rorooratlona cannot conatltu tlonally be extended to cover interetata tranav astlona In Inauranc." Recent event have acter of Insurance, for In th absence of emphasised the Importance of an early and ex- naustiv consideration or this queatlon. to e whether It Is not possible to furnish bet ter safeguards than th aeveral wtatea hav been abl to furnish asainat corruption of th flagrant kind whlrh ha been exposed. It naa been only ton clearly .nowa th.t certain of the men at th head of these large cor P. rations tak but smsil nots of th ethical distinction between honesty and dishonesty - they draw the line only this M l of what may two specific matters. All unnecessary offices snould b abolished. The Commissioner of th General Land Office recommends the abolishment of the offlce of receiver of pub lic monrya for I'nlied states land oinces. This will effect a saving ot about a quar ter of a million dollars a year. As the busi ness of ths Nation grows It is Inevitable that there should be from lime to time a legitimate Increase ln th number of oftl- clai. and thl fact renders It all th mor Important that when office become unneces sary they ahould b. abolished. In the pub lic printing also a large saving of public money tan be made. There la a constantly growing tendency to publish masses of un- symptom or inia growing rpniemaa of re. latlonehlp, but la a means by which the growtm ran be furthered. Our aim should be from, time to time to take such steps ss may ba possible toward creating taomethlng Ilka art organisation of the civilised natlona, becausa aa the world becomea more highly oraanlsed the need for nsvlee and armlra will dlmlnlah.. It is not possible to secur anything like an. Immedlat dl-armment. berauae It would first ba necessary to ewttl what neontea are- on th whol a menac to th rest of man kind, and to provide against ths disarmament. of the rest being turned Into a movement. which wnu:d really chiefly benefit these ob noxious peoples; hut It may be powlhle to- exerciae Borne check Uion the tendency to- important information. it la probably not ...n i,i,nni.i. ih. ,,,.i.,. .... -... unrair to say mat many lens of thousands pendlture. Of routes auch an effort could niic- ' pui.i.eneo at wtncn no numan ceed only If It did not attempt to do too much being ever looka and for which ther la no and If II were undertaken In a spirit of aanlly reai urmano whatever. a far removed aa ooaslhla from a mer..lv Yet, in speaking of economy, I must l hysterical pseudo-phllanthrot.v. It la worth. no wise be understood as advocating; the while pointing out Ihat sin,- the end of lha false economy which la In the end th Inaitrrertlon In th I'hlllpt.lnea thla Nation lo.e. worsi estravagance. jo cut aown on the shown It practical faith m the policy of dlav -"'. "r I'lii-mc wouiu oe a crime against armament ny remieing ita little Army one- the Nation. To fall to push forward all third. Hut disarmament can never be of prima work on tha I'anama Canal would b as great a folly. Currency. In my message of December 2, 1002, to th Congress I said: "Interest rater are a potent factor In bui. Importance; there Is more need to get rid of the cause of war than of rh Implements of war. Tha Monroe) leortrlne. One of the moat rffectiv Instruments for- peace I the Monroe Doctrine, sa It ha been nesa activity, and In order that these rates and Is being gradually developed by this Ni- may is equaiiaeu (o meet tne varying needs I tlon and accepted by ither nations. No othe of the seaaona and of widely sepsrsted com munities, and to prevent the recurrenre of nnanrlal atrlngeniles which Injuriously affect legitimate business, It I necessary mat mere ahould bs an element of elas ticity In our monetary system. Hanks am the natural servants of commerce, and upor. them should be placed, as far as practica ble, the burden of furnishing and maintain. Ing a circulation adequate to bupdIv ths needs of our diversified Industries and of our domestic and foreign commerce; and the Issue of this should b so regulated that a sufficient supply should b always available ror ths business interest of th country.' r-very consideration of prudence demands the addition of the element of elasticity to our currency system. The evil does not con. slst In an Inadequate volume of money, but In ths rigidity of this volume, whlrh dors not respond as It ahould to th varying neea or communities and or sesaona. Infla tion muat b avoided; but aom provision should bs msd that will Insure a larger volume or money during ihe Fall and Win ter month than In th lesa actlv aeasona pollry could have been a efficient In pro moting i.eare In the Western Hemisphere and. In giving to earh nation thereon th rhatue to develop along Us own line. If we ha.b refused to apply th doctrine to changing con ditio It would now be completely outworn,. would not meet any of the needa of the pres ent day, and Indeed would probably by thia time have sunk into complete oblivion. It la uaeful at home, and la meeting with recogni tion abroad liecauae we have adapted our- ppllcstlon of it to nieet the growing andt changing need, of the hemisphere. When WW announce a policy, auch aa the Monroe Doc. trine, we thereby commit ourselves to the con sequence of the policy, and thoee consequence. rrom tlm to tlm alter. It ia out of thv qucstlon to claim a right and yet ahlrk t he responsibility for Ita exerrlae. Not only we. hut all American republlca who are benefited' by the existence of the diatrlne, muat recog nise the obligation) each nation la under aa regard foreign peoples no less than Us duly to Inaleit upon It own rlshts. Thst our rights and Interests ar deeply concerned In th m!ntennr of the doc Tin la so clear as hardly to need argument. Thla I especially tru In view of th con- Can I. A a. of tha year; ao that th currency will con I." .v."": 17. " w " "V"a ftructlon of th I'anama or ' ' nrnn ui ir.uioisie vuaincss. Al , , , , .. . , tireeer,, th. T. ...... 1 .-.... . "'"" "' " "'"" eser- r "',.. . , ' V,. j . rl" watch over th approaches to- nis canal; and this means that we muat be to our Interests in th Irregularly recurring Interval obliged. In the e,.'r.r.,..:.,..,h;: :'"'"..!,:':ld-,..,;.' '" .n. to avert financial crises by providing a rem- edy whlrh should be provided by Cong re.- I 'ant Domingo. ional anion. Santo Domingo, In her turn, ha now mada- Roslneae Method In lepwtmenta. I n PP'I to u to help her. and not only At varloua time I hav Instituted Investl- ry"r P'lnrlpls of wisdom but svery generous gallon Into th. organisation and conduct of 'natinrt witnin us bids ua respond to tha ap. th business of ths Kxerutlvs Departments. Whll nons of these Inquiries havs yet pro grassed far enough to warrant final con. elusions, they have already confirmed and emphasised the general Impresaion that the organisation of the departments Is often faulty In principle and wasteful In results, while many of their businesa methods ar peal. It I not of th slightest consequence whether we grant th aid needed by nanto Domingo aa an Incident m tha wis develop ment of th Monroe Doctrine, or because ww regard th cas of Hanto Domingo a stand ing wholly by Itself, and to be treated a auch, and not on general prlnripiea or with, any reference to the Monro Doctrine. The- .i ...H mm i.riu-i.i -re... i. . . Important point la to give the needed aid. reaeon why our executive governmental ma. ". rM I certainly sufficiently peculiar rhln.ry should be sl least as wall planned. ,0 ' to b Judged purely nn It own economical and efficient as ths beat ma- mtT"m- Th conditions In Hanto Domingo- rhlnery of th great bu'slnera organisations. n"v ,nT number of years grown from bed which at present Is not ths rase. To mak '? "' until a year ago all society waa on It o I a task of complex detsll and essen- lh- '', dissolution. Fortunately, Jut tlally executive in It natur; probably no f lnl" Um " rulr sprsng up In Hsnto legiaiatlv body, no matter how wis and Uomln' "ho. with hla colleague, saw tha able, could undertake It with reasonable "ngera threatening their rountry and ap- prospect of aurrcaa I recommend that the P"d to the friendship of th only great Congre consider thl ubjert with a view na Pwrful neighbor who possessed th to proud by legislation for tha transfer, Power, and ss they hoped also th will to. distribution, consolidation, and assignment ,lp ,hm. There was Imminent dsnger of of duties and executive organisations or torin Intervention. The previous rulers of e.il.4 lee ti,,Hev K. k. - , 1 nirta nt nrt.nli.llnn, anit fe (h. e h . . ... i H n t O DomlngO hsd rerklesslv tnrurred in Business metnnas, witnin or netween the .. I 7 -- .. .-. . uieiTuro. seversl departments, thst will best promote h' r"Kd to b able to provide mean th economy, efficiency, and high character , P"" ,h" debts. Th patience of her of th Government work. foreign creditors had becom exhausted, and Ia my last annual meaaags I said: , ''' ,wo foreign nations were on thw Federal r Irrtloaa point of Intervention, and wer only pr- "7" -" vented from Intervening by the unofficial aa- Th power of th Oovernment to protect luranr of this Government thst It would th. Integrity of th .lection, of Its awn off!- itself strlv to help r.nto Domingo In her rial I. Inherent and ha. beea recognised hour of need. In ths cas of one of thee and affirmed by repeated declaration of th nation. niy th actual opening of negotla- upreme Court. Thera Is bo enemy of fre tions to this end by our Government pr. government mor dangerous and Bon so vented th eel sure of territory In Hanto Do- inaldlous ss the corruption of the elector!, mlngo by a European power. Of lha debt No one defend or exru.es corruption, and incurred aom wer Just, whll aom. w.r. It would eem to follow that non would not of a character which really render It oppo. vigorous measures to eradlr.t, it. .bllgstory en. or proper for, Hanto Doming recommend the enectm.nt of a l.w directed t. p.r them In full. Hut shs could not against bribery and corruption la r.d.ral pay any of them unl.sa eome st. blllty wsa lctlons. Th detail of .urh a law may aeaared her government and people, be aafeiy left to the wis. dlsrretloa at th Accordingly th Executive Department of Congrese, but It should go aa far aa ander aur Oovernment negotiated a treaty under th Constitute,. It la aMbla l ... ,,4 mhtck w, , tri , ".i necessary In order to avoid falling Into th. rlutrne. or in law tir course the only rofre plete remedy for this condition muet be found In an aroused public conerienre. a higher aenae of ethical conduct In the community at large, and eapeciaiiy among bualneaa men and In the great profession of the law, and In the growth of a spirit which condemns .all dishonesty, whether In rich w.an or tn poor man, whether It takea tha shspe of bribery or of blackmail. But much ran be done by legislation whlrh I. not only dratlo but practical. Thera la need of a far stricter and mor uniform regulation of the vast Ineuranre Intereete of this country. Ths Cnlted at. tee ahould In this reatavt follow the policy of other natlona by providing ade quate national supervision of commercial la. terest s whlrh ar clearly National In char, a.-ter. My predereeaor hv repeatedly rwc-g. ntsed thst ths foreign business of theee aom pan lee 1 aa Important part of aar foreign com. mereUI relatione Dnnng tha admtnlet ration of F resident Cleveland, Harrlaoa and Mo-