Image provided by: Hillsboro Public Library; Hillsboro, OR
About Hillsboro independent. (Hillsboro, Washington County, Or.) 189?-1932 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 5, 1902)
1 WOT Vol. XXX. HII.LSBORO, WASHINGTON COUNTY, OREGON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 5. 1902. No. 29 ' Li LI 1 ii o iT n FKOl'lSMOSAI. CAKIW. THOU. TIlSHl'S, I. . io.ur Notary Public. Til OS II. A K rrORNEYS-AT-LAW, UILLKiUS, )KWHN. I jrrios: H miii3,4, a A, Uorgaa Wrnsk. W. Jf, lUKKtTT, Y'lTOHNEYS-AT-LAW, . HILOHDIUt. OlitjOf . mrs: Centra) block, Koonis and 7. IIKM'O.V lit) MAM, TTORNEY-AT-LAW. Ilil.LHWMiO, OUKOON Ornca: Uooms ( aad .7. Morgan blank. J (MIX M. vVAI.b, TTORNEY-AT-IyAW, 1 1 1 I.LHHOItO, OHKGOX. HaiW-y. Morgan liliH-k, JIoohim 1 A 2 . T. LINMLATEK, M. B. V. M. , OlIYSICIAN AND SUIUiEON HILLUHOUO, OKKOON. Orrnis: at resldenoe, of court UnOM, where he will be found at all noma when nut visiting patients. J. I'. TAMIEN1E, . .., g P.R.R. BUIMIEON, UlLLSrUJUJ, It lO N.- Orritia and Hnnnwii I oome-r Third and Main Htreeta. Uttio hours, M to 12 a. to., I to h aud 7 to p. ni. Telephone to residence from it rook X Hols' Prugatore at all hoars. All oalli promptly allauuea, night or Ut. Y A. UUIKf, M. K. piIYSlCIAN ANDSU1MJKON UILLrlHOttO, OKKOON. Otllce Murgnn-llailey l!li-k, lip stairs, rooms 1L lit uixl 15. Itneirirnne, K. W.Uor. lias Line and He-oond ilrwU. . JtotU Thoncs. J. E. AlikDSS. Okntist, inr-l.KiiOKO, ORF.COX. Ovrit'g Hours : 0 a. m. la 4 M p. ni. Oilice in Unioo block over Fliarmsey A. II. lit I LEV, l. I. . EKTIST. uiu,snoko, oKixiox. Reims 10 anil 11 Morptu-Halley bk, Olllce II oil r: 9 to 12 auil 1 to 4 . in, K. N1I0S, rjENTIST, FOBE8T OROVK, UKK0ON Unit arti -;ial twlh .V) rrt. tVment and Aimilisitm nilinga rrnia rtu n. uoiu liliinga front $1 up. Vitnlmi'il wir for paiu W rilrai'tion. - Dmtiai thru dour aortb of Hriok stora. OtUoa boar from a. m. oi i. m. KitMiiat of aiHvsi ain-iDK all tlu ("miioiih ill (Vilnratlo. tintf ailunt(Hl on tlie iintiii I tat of tht Ivnvcr i Hio CHhikIi' U Iwpch (Vnon City and Mali. In in lli fronf rwnP of Ue RiM'kit, U thf iikhI t-im ulur, e iUH)iritiir hikI iiianiflifiit. IVtwn thU niiK'lily flt'fl in Hip lieMft of Ihc Kranilo rooi-lmrrier ru.ih I lie rn inn watTH of thp ArkHiiKim Hivit, I:ipIiiI Into foaming fury anil ilaslifd into . M.iinnii Hpray hy its awlft iIimwii tlirniii;h Iho l.irliMiH ili Olc. Ho ar row lit III" a.-aitC( fit ono jMiint that llifr w no room for tiolh the Mtiil ami river, ami therefore rur lously rotiHlrurtril lrliife of strrl liad to be thrown leulhwitie of tlie tt! ream. vuHirntted frxim iron aup. porta mortir! Into the canon walla on raeh sidu to the right and left. Ami right here can be aeen the cli- nmx of all the canon'a grandeur, that 'which has been aptly called "The Koyal Uorge." For two thousand hix hundred feet the solid monoliiha aoar upward five time aa lofty as llio Washington Monument, the highest rmnent atructure reared ty the haml of man. No words cm Mdequateiy describe the magnificence of the aceiie. Only those ho- have tM'held its gloriea can areelate them. Tlii is but one of the many won ders of nature revealed to the travel er on the IVnver A Rio Grande lUilroad, "I'he fcwnic Line of the World." For detailed iuformation about thla rwwl delightful trip to the East, Addreaa J. l Mansfield, V IMo Orande Hyatem, Vrt t,o. Home Study Course t Self Education Through Prepared Articles by 'V.. - Vi r-1: :7.;-.'V-:iri.. :-vv.r-:v. 5 im ' s UUK 3 ATIVES TREES I I s ft.' THOMAS H. MAC BRIDE, Ph. D.. trofeunr of H"tttn)it uu State III. Longevity of Trees. KOM what baa tieen aulj In the preeedlne cliapti ra It nil'lit be presumed (hat there la no eud to tho Ri-owth and develop ment of it tree. Ry Its very atrueture tlia tree la a thine of llfu wound up to rim on forever. 'It" winds Itself up, tho cunililuin renewing Itself yrnr aft er year. Aa Wordsworth ptita it, tree la A living thing Produced too ilowly aver to decay, Of form and aspect too magnificent To be dealroyed. Pr. Iloluies touohea the aubject mora lightly, hut to tliu sunie effect: Tn fact. thr' nothing that keep Ita youth, ...... Aa I'm lnCormcd, but a tree and truth. Xevei'thcleaa trees are not immortal, aonie of them fur enough from it, They have their limitations, constitu tional even, and shnre ultimately the fate of all terrestrlul things. In tho first place, most treea die by violence, by accident of one eort or other. In battle with the wind and storm tho tree hy Its very form Is at great mechanical disadvantage Thla disadvantage increases with every add- imI inch of height or width. Other things being equal, it Is only a ques tion of time, iu an exposed position at least, until by the very circumstance of growth iho tree gives to the wind a leverage sure to be disastrous. The long branch or even the lengthening top mny snap beneath an unusual weight of lee or snow. Tho losa to the tree la threefold. It loses the part de stroyed, which Is bod enough. It loses eiiilHlse, the tin lance which between nil Its parts tho alow progress of the years has brought about, and In so far becomes more certalu of destruc tion In some Inter storms. Hut, worse than all, the tree In wounded with a lesion that late or never bonis, most likely never. Pecay ensues, the tree becomes hollow,' and presently the fragllo shell, even though living, ginks Into ruin. ". . It is interesting here to note the adaptations in tho form and habit of trees, tho adaptations by means of which unfavorable meteoric, conditlona are more successfully resisted. For lu st a nee, nil trees,-especially when devel oped In Isolation, have broad, far spreading bases. If developed together, the forest Itself has an expanded base, and the trees protect each other. The dechluoiia leaved treea throw down their leaves at the approach of winter, and thus strip for the battle with snow nnd Ice, which would otherwise crush their brunches to the earth. The cone benrersT old fashioned trees that they are, hold their foliage, pr.rt of it, it Is true, but nolo Its peculiar character and the position It assumes. There la nowhere In the world a prettier adap tation than the sparse, fringed needles of tho pine, through which the wind and storm may whistle, or the droop ing, taper, flngerllke branches of tbo spruce or flr, shedding tho falling snow flakes. In all the treea the branches themselves arc pciil!y constructed to meet the onset of the blast Treea shed net their leaves nlone, bnt tbelr twigs, only a pompnratlvcly few aur vlving to cany forward the limb's ex tension. Compare the Cottonwood, on which the twigs are few; the elm even, or the Oak, where their number is very small when contrasted with the num ber started; the coffee bean tree, on Which there Is scarcely one. Indeed, we may' say in general that if a tree be clokcly st .idled ita form will ac curately proclaim the conditions by which !t has all along been surronnd ed, Tlie whole tree Is an adaptation to Its environment . Hut, lu the second place, the longevity of trees seems to a great extent purely t matter of habit Some trees are abort lived by habit, naturally short 1 1 veil, as we might say. The broad leaved aspen, for instance, lives, at least In many porta of the country, but a few dec ades. In Iowa hardly thirty year. 8 orb. tree seem to reach certain maturity and then die for no appreciable reason. Some eaks have similar constitutional tendencies. The binck onks are said to lie less enduring than the white oaks. Pome species of the black oak group die at fifty to seventy year. The oaks of Europe are apparently longer lived than those of North America. The fa m m V:'- K (t IA Medium qf Specially Prominent Instructors vii'V. 'is-:".. ... mous oak at Cozes, lu southern France. la certainly more than 1.000 years old. Ca?sar may have stood beside It We reckon a tree's years by the num ber of Its rings as seen upon Its sec tion. Every year, certain as the suc cession of seedtime and harvest wit Besses for the tree the increment of vernal ud autumnal wood, so that In case of ft fallen tree or of a tree any part of whose section can be seen we may count the ring of growth and know with very greut exactness the number of Its years. ' The only excep tions are found In the case of very young shoots or trees, where some times more than one ring ts formed In a single year. So lino on older treat after accidental loss of foliage a sec ond feeble ring Is sometimes added. But as a rule the rings of a tree are as Its yeara. By counting thus the rings on a sec tion and comparing the radius, half the tree's diameter, we easily obtain the thickness of the average annual increase and so may estimate the agt of other trees of the same sort whose .diameter Is known. Thus, In the cast of the French oak referred to, a block eighteen Inches thick, taken about ten feet from the ground, shows 200 an nual rings. - As the diameter of tbo tree at that level la about thirty feet, the tree Is evidently about 2,000 years old. The Interior of. thla tree, which , was perfectly sound, bus been shaped Into a dining room, where around a center table twelve hungry travelers may be served at once. A the tree attain such hoary age the rate of growth becomes ever alower. The amount of efficient foliage la generally proportionately smaller, while the sur face over which the annual accumula tion must be spread la wider year by year. There lies before u the sec tion of an oak which In seventy-five years attained a diameter of one, foot The next Inch of the radius, counting outward, cost the labor of twenty-Ova yeara, so that the Increase In diametet at the last was less than a line a year. Pr. Gray estimate the growth of our southern cypres after the first three or four hundred yeara to be no more than one-third of a Ibie per annum. It 1 easy, therefore, for os to be lieve that very large trees are very old. Some of the great trees In Cal ifornia have been cut down to make grapevine stakes, aud on their stumps the rings have been counted. On one the number rise to 2,200. Nay, more, John Mulr tella ua that iu the King's river forest he counted 4,000 ring ou a single stumpl But the oldest tree on the continent Is thought to be the Oaxaca cypress. The circumference of the tree is given at 112 feet as the minimum. Putting the annual Increment in diameter at a line a year, which Is certainly far in excess of the truth, w have 0,124 year a the age of tbe Oaxaca tree. To appreciate this let any one get down his history of tbe world and see to what date this number carries htm back in historic time. I'erhap tbe most curious and won derful illustration of the longevity of tree I that referred to by Dr. Gray in his essay on this particular, subject A dragon tree standa on the island of Tencrlfe which ha been known and made matter of record since 1402. It structure Is dlffereut from that of our common tree and Its growth exceed ingly slow; in fact, in the 600 yeara since Ita discovery It has changed al most not at all In the year 1S10 it was badly wrecked by storm and once again in the year 1S00. But It still continue to grow, . It aurvivlng branches "still annually crowned, a they have been each returning an tumn perhaps for hundreds of centu ries, with Its beautiful clusters' of white lilyllke blossoms, emblem of tbe eternal youth of nature." "Hundreds of centuries mean a very old tree, no doubt far surpassing In age any other living thing upon tbe Planet. Our California giants are old, hut forty-flve centuries doubtless tran scend the springing of the oldest; tbe cypresses of Mexico are old, but fifty centuries measure the antiquity of these. The dragon tree alone Is per ennial, approximating the Immortality which the structure of our ordinary trif suggest, but never may secure. ICnpyrlKht, 14 hy l-el D. Sampson. Fortvi FaTort a Tsiaa. ''Having dU(rt?wlnjt win in Ihe head, bftvk ami ioviarh9 ami being without j(litA. I began to ue lrt King! Now Life 11," writer V. P. Whitfheittl. of KeortfHlaI?v Tel., "and mxm M like a new man." la fallible In stomach and liver trou Mr. Only 23 ceota at Balled'a Pbar aiary, - mmi mi To th Sna and House of Represents. lives: We still continue' In a period of ua bounded properlty. Ttala proaperity k not the creature of law, but undoubtedly r.ie laws unUer which we work have been Inetrumeniel in creeling the conditions wiilch mud It poeelble, and by unwwe lea taUllon It would be e.ey enough tu destroy It. There wlU undoubtedly be pertuda of -preiwlon. The wve will recede, but the l.u will advance. Thla natiuu ia seated un a continent nani&vtl by two great ceana. It la composed of njen the de scendants of ploueere or, In a sense, pio neers thrniet)Yea-of men wlnnowe out I ruin among the nations of the old world by the eutrgy. boldness and love of ad venture lound In their own eager hearts. Ouch a nation so placed will surely wrest success irom lurione. Aa a people we have played a large part in ine world, ana we are bent upon mak ing our future even larger than the past. In particular the events of the last four yeara have oeitiuiciy act-hied that for woe or for weut our plu'.-e roust be great among in nuuoua. ut may euuer fan greatly or suL-ceed greatly, but we vaniiut avoid the endeavor from which either great failure or great auia-eEa must come, felveu if we wouui we caiiuct play a small part. If we shuuld try, all tnat would follow would be that we should play a large part Ignobly and shamefully. tiut our people, the sons of the men of tlte civil war, the sons of the rneu who had Iron lu their blood, rejoice In the present and face the future high of heart and resolute of will. Ours ia not the creed vl the weakling aud the coward; ours Is the gjeoel of hope and of tri umphant eiidtatvor. We do not shrink from the struggle before us. There are manv problems for us to face at the out- aet of the twentieth cenlur) -grave proo- h'lns abroad and still graver at noma out wo know that we can Solve them, and ult. moltles.i onlv that we bin: (a the vututkun the utilities, of bead aim heart wmcn were mmwn uy nits mrn aviin tn tlm ilavs of VYaahililCtuu founded thia govertim nt aud lu the tiuya of LJu culti ir-erv ti tt. No country nasi ever occupied a higher plane of mulrial weli being than outst at the ureaeitt moment. Thla well beiiikr ia due to no auddeii or accidental eauaea, but to Iht play ot the economic forcea lit thin noun try for over a Lntury; to our lawa, our aunt ained am! continuous policies! ; ahoy all, to the hiah Individual averaaa of our cltiaviialtlp. Urt-.it fortunes, have iieeii won oy tnuue w no nnvt ixiten ine leud in thin nheitomeiiul Industrial devel opment, and uiOMt ot thtuti furtunea have been won not hy iUudk evil, but an an in fill en t to action which has benefited the community aa a whole. Never before hue material well buiiitf been ho widely dlf fuaed among our people. Great fortuuea liav been accumulated, and yet In the UKtfrekate thee fortunes are small In iced whan compared to the wealth or the km i pie aa a whole. The plain people are 'eur off mun iney nave ever oeen De- fore. The iiiMurunt e coin pri idea, which are prut ticull v mutual benefit eoclellee exp'. ( ally lu'lpful to men of moderate nidainit reoreaiit accumulations of caw tal which are among the largest In thia country, mere are more aepoaita 111 me aa villus banks, morr owners of farms, more well paid wageork.rs In thin coun try how than ever before tn our history, or course when the comll lions have fa vored the growth f ao much that was good they have olao favored somewhat the growth of what was evil. It is emi nently iiucesaary that we should endeavor to cut out this evil, but let us Keep a uue aensu of proportion; let us not in fixing our gas if tipsMi ine ; er rorget the greater good. The evils are ral, and some of them are menacing, but they are the outgrowth not or misery or uecaaence, but of iioierity. of the progress of our Sigantic intiutttriai development. I his 111 um trial development must not be checked but aide by sKie with it should go such itroai essivu ruaulatlon aa will diminish the evila. We should fail tn our duty H we did not try to remedy the evils, but we ahai. succeed only it we proceed patient ly, with uractical common sense aa wei as resolution, separating the good from the bad and holding on to the former while endeavoring to get rid of the latter. in my message to thJ present congress at Ita first session 1 diHcunsea at length the Question of the regulation of those big corporations commonly dolntr an in terstate business, often with some tenden cy to moiiotHfly. which are popularly known as trusts. The experience of the past year hue emphasised, in my opinion, the dusirsbllity of the steps 1 then pro posed. A fundamental requisite of social efficiency t a high standard of Individual energy and excellence, but this m In no wise Inconsistent with power to act In combination for alms which cannot so well be achieved by the Individual acting lone. A fundamental base of civilisation is tho Inviolability of property; but this Is In nowise inconsistent with the right of society to regulate the exercise of the rtidcial powers which It confers upon the owners oi property under tne name or cor porate franchises In such a way as to prevent the misuse of these powers. Cor porations, and especially combinations of cortratlons. should be managed under public regulation. Experience has shown that under our system of government the necessary supervision cannot be obtained by state action. It' must therefore be achieved by national action. Our aim Is not to do away with corporations, On the contrary, these big aggregations are an Inevitable development of modern indus trialism, and the effort to destroy them would be futile unless accomplished In wavs that would work the utmost mis chief to the entire body politic. We can do nothing of good In the way of regulat in if and supervising these corporations until we fix clearly in our minds that we are not attacking the corporations, but endeavoring to do away with any evil In them. We are not hostile to them. Ws are merely determined that they shall be so handled as to subserve the public good. Ws draw the line sgalnst misconduct, not against wealth. The capitalist who, alone or In conjunction with his fellows, per forms some great Industrial feat by which he wins money Is a 'welldoer, not a wrong doer, provided only he works In proper and legitimate lines. We wish to favor such a man when he does well. We wish to supervise and control his actions only to prevent him from doing III. lubttcUy can do no harm to the honest corporation, and we need not bs overtender about spsring the dishonest corporation. In curbing and regulating the combina tions of chjdtal which are or may become Injurious to the public we must be care ful not to stop the great enterprises which have legitimately reduced the cost of pro duction, not to abandon the place which our cmintry has won in the leadership of the International industrial world, not to strike down wealth with the result of r losing factories and mines, of ttimmg the wageworker Hie tn the streets and leaving the farmer without a market for what he grows. Insistence upon the Im possible mens delay in achieving the pos sible enact I y aa, on the other hand, the Stubborn defense alike of what Is good and what Is bad In the ewlnttng system, the resolute effort to obstruct any at tempt at betterment. bMravs blindness to the historic truth that wise evolution lH the sure ef gu.-ird agnln-it revolution. No snore important snbjct csn come before the congress than this cf the regu lation of interstate business. This country cannot afford to sit supine on the plea that under our peculiar system of govern ment we sre hHplea In the presence of the new conditions and unable to grapple with them r to cut out whatever of evil has arisen in connection with them. The power of the congress to regulate inter state commerce is an absolute and tin gua lifted grant and -without limitations ther than those presrrlhed by the consti tution. The congress has constitutional authority to make all laws necessary and proper for executing this power, and I am satisfied that this power hss not been ex ha o. ted by any fcglstiitlon now on the statute hooks. It is evident, therefore, that evils restrictive of eommereta! free dom and entnlling rest mint upon national commerce fell within the regulative pow er of the congress and that a wise and reasonable law would be a necessary and pnyer exercise of congressional authority to the end that such evils should bo erad icated i KUfljrt. thaJU jttnoolLs. ujtfusXia- wi mi ii 11 on , wnica prevent or wppie Z. ,i .--Muiwi uvvrcaniutinu.n and other evils In trust organisations and practices' which 'injuriously affect Inter state trade can be prevented under tr.e vuwvr o ine congress to raguiate com merce with foreign nations and amoug m sfavvrai auiiea- mrougn regulation. na requirements operating dtrvcily upon Such commerce, the Instrumentalities tnvreor ana tnoee engaged therein. I earnestly recommend thla subject to the consideration of the congress with a view to the passage of a law reasonable in ita provisions aud effectiv In Its operations, upon which the questions can be Anally adjudicated that now raise doubts as to the iMcevalty of constitutional amend lent. If u prove Impossible to accom plish the purposes shove set forth by such a law. then aaaurdiv m ath.uil.l .. shrink from amending the constitution ao mm wv ss-r. ui eg WWf VJiitJ erUU Will UTS 1118 power so Jfe nt. The congress has not heretofore made any appropriation ror ine better enforce ment of the antitrust law as It now stands. Very much has been done by thf department of Justice iu -shearing the en forcement of this law, but much more could be done U rongrce would make a special appropriation tor thj pur,oe, to be expended under the direction of the attornt-y general. One proMaltioit advocated has been the reduction of the tariff fin a menu of reaching the evils of the trut whh h full within the rHli-gury 1 hnvt ileacrlbed. Not merely aoul 1 this be wholly luenVc tive. but the dtv, r.-iuii of our efforts In such a direction would menu the aban donment of all Intelligent attempt to do away with tlo-re i v,l. Many of the lar gest roruorHiiotis. many of those which I snouiu certainly be tneliftled lu any proper scheme of regulation, would not La af fected in the slightest degree by a change in latniT. save as sucn change inter- fered with the general prosperity of th country. The only relation of the tariff to big corporations as a whole is that the iiirnr mutt en manufactures profitable, and the tariff remedy tiroooatd would h in effect simply to make manufacture un- pronr-n.ie. To remove the tariff aa punitive nieusuro directed agulnst trusts wouui inevitainv retiuit in ruin to the weaker competitors who are struggling against them. Our aim should le not by unwise tariff changes to give foreign prod ucts the eUvaittrtge over domes tit1 prod ucts. ;, by proper regulation tu give do mestic competition a fair chance, ami this end cannot be readied bv hov tnetiY changes which would affect tinfuvorahlv all domeMtic competitors, good and bad alike. The fu-tlon of regulation of the trusts stands apart from tho question of tariff revision. Htahillty of economic nolicv must al ways be the prime economic need of this country. Th's stability should not be fus Sil Isa t Ion. Tlie country has acquiesced In the wisdom of the protective tariiT principle. It la exceedingly undesirable i that this system should be destroyed or that there should bo violent and rdlcitl I mange mere in.- our t experience shows that great prosperity In this coun try has always come underaprotective tar iff and that the country cannot prosper under fitful tariff changes at short Inter vale. Moreover. If the tariff laws as a whole work well and If 4udnes has oroa pered under thvni and is roperiiig. it Is uener 10 ewiure ror a time anient incon veniencea and inequalities in some ached ulea than to upset business by too quick ami 100 rauicai cnanges. it la most ear nestiy to he w shed that we con tru the tariff from the standpoint eolcly of our bustneHs nee is, 1 1 In, perhaj, too much to hoiK that partlsanHhtp may b: entirely excluded from coimMerntiun of me subject, but at least It can b made secondary to the business interests of the country tnat is, to the tntcreeis of ou iteople as a whole. I'nuuejilioiiaUlV these huxinesa Interests will best be served If together with nxlty of principle as re gsrda the tariff we combine a system which will permit us from time to time to make the necessary reappllcation of tlu print-line 10 in sniriiug uationui iieedH. We must take scruouloua cHre that the reappllcation ahall ! made in uch a way tnut 11 win not auiouni 10 a uittiot anon o our system, the mere threat of which, not to stK'uk of the performance, would pro duce paralysis In the business energies ot tne community, ine first conHiuct a tion in making these changes would, of course, be to preserve the principle whi' underlies our whole tariff system that in, the principle of putting American bu ni nes liitererits at least on a full equalliy with Interests abroad and of always al lowing a sufficient rate of duty to more than cover the difference iH-tween the labor cost here arm abroad. The well be ing of the wugeworker, like the well be ing of the tiller of the soil, should be treated as nil essential In shaping our whole economic ollcy. There -muni never be any change which will Jeopardize the standard of comfort, the standard of wages, of the American wageworker One way In which the readjustment sought can be reached Is by reciprocity treaties, it is greatly 10 ne uenireu tnat such treaties may be adopted. Thev can be used to widen our markets and to give a greater field for the activities of our producers 011 the ono hand, and on the other hand to secure In practical shape me towering ot amies wnen mey are no longer needed for protection among our own people or when the minimum of dam age done may be disregarded for the sake or me maximum or good accompiined. If It prove Impossible to rat If v the pend ing treaties and If there seem to be no warrant for the endeavor to execute oth ers or to amend the pending treaties so that they can bs ratified, then the same end to secure reciprocity should bs met by direct legislation. , Wherever the tariff conditions are such that a needed change cannot with advan tage be made by tho application of the reciprocity Idea, then It can be made out right by a lowering of duties on a given product. If possible, such change should be made only after the fullest considera tion by practical experts, who should ap proach the subject from a business stand point, having In vjew both the particular Interests affected and ths commercial well being of the people as a whole. The ma chlnery for providing such careful Inves tigation can readily be supplied. The ex ecutlve department has already at Its disposal methods of collecting facts snd figures, and If ths congress desires addi tional consideration to that which will be given the sitbjef-t by ita own committees. then a com mission of business experts can Ire smndnted whose duty It should be to recommend action by the congress after a deliberate snd scientific examination of the various schedule us they are affected by the changed and changing conditions. I he iiniiurruti and unioHKed r-port or this commission would show what changes should be made In the v.-friotis schedules and how far these changes cook! go with out also changing the great prosperity which this country in now enjoying or upsetting Its fixed economic polity. The casmw in wnn-n tnn tarirr can pro duce a monopoly are ao fw ss to consti tute an inconsiderable factor in tne ques tion: but. of course. If in any case It be found that a given rate of duty does pro mote a mimopoly which, works ill. no pro tectionist Would ohlect to sacn reduction of the duty as would e-tialrxe competition. In my judgment, the tarirr on anthracite ronl should be removed and anthracite put actually, wh'tf It now is nominally, on the free list. This would have no effect st aft save In crises; but In crises It might be of service to the people. interest rais are a potent rnctor in business activity, and In order that these rates may be 'finalised to meet the vary ing needs of the seasons and of widely Separated communities, and to prevent the recurrence of nnancial stringencies whlcn Injuriously affect legitimate business, it Is necessary that there should be an ele ment of elasticity In our monetary as tem. Hanks are the natural servants of commerce, snd ufon them should be plaed. as far as practicable, the burden sf furnishing snd maintaining a circula tion adequate tn supply the needs of our diversified Industries and of oor domestic and foreign commerce, and the Issue of this should oe so regulated that a suffi cient supply should be always available for the business Interests of the country. It would bet Itoih unwise snd unneces sary at this time to attempt to recon struct our financial system, which has been The growth of a century, but some additional leginlatlon Is. I think, d irnbl The mere outline of any plan sufficiently comprehensive to meet these requirements ould tranpgrcfr the appropriate limits of this communication, ft is suggested, however, that all future eriiation on Ihe Subject should be with the view of en couraging the u of stub instrumenta'l-tie- a s will automatically supply every legitimate demand of productive Indus trie and of commerce, not only In th mount, but In the character of circula tion, and of making all kinds of money tnterrhsngeahle and. at the will of the bolder, convertible Into ths seta bushed Ota standard. I agsm call your attention to the need oi putting a propvr nomiKi Jtion law coy vnng me poi.atM outlined in my m.-sagi to you at the first rkn of the ir.,n cot.greac fculnlanliully such a bill hJ sireutiy passed ine nous. How to secure frdf treatment alike fut laoor ana ror capital, how to hold li check the nsTUpuJoua num. whetht-r em liiover or employee, without weakmtnf! mi iiiiiiviuuai iniuative. without hamorrni: and cramping the iudustrml dt velupitun ot ine country, is a problem fraught with great oimcumes and one which it is ot .in? nig ties i lniporiunce to solve on Hurt of sanity and fursighted common a ns ai wen aa oi devotion to the right Tins ti an era of ffderation and combination. er.Anviiy ae tiusinma men itixt they must often work through coi pi.ru tiona, and ai It la a rot.tjtaiit tend, -ncv tf Ihf-Mes c(r m i rat . t ions to grow larger, so it bt often nocra- aary lor lauoring inn to work In ft-aera tions. and theae have bocome importun ra. iors or motirn Industrial - Ute. Koth kinds of federation, capitalistic nnd luUir can do muw h good, and hs a ueccae,rj corollary lh;.v can both do evil. ippor- ttotl to each kind of oratunizillun uhnnl.' take the form of opposition to whutuver U bad tn the conduct of any given c orpora tion or union, wit of attai k upon cor an aiut n nor iipou unions aut !r. for aoiiic of the moat f;,i reaching benefit eid work fir our p.-ople has been eoiiijHi-oitu inrougn uoiii corporation ms unions. rtcn must refrain Iruin purai y or tyrannous Interference with the rights of others. Organised capital and organised Juhor alike should reiiu ni- oer mat in tne long run the interest ot each must be brought into h irmuny with the Interest of the general public, and the conduct of each luttut con form tu the rumiamental rules of obe.1lrii.-e to the iii, oi inuivinuut rreedom and of Jualic ami fair dealing toward ail. Kadi should remeniuer uiui in audition to power It must smve alter the realisation of healthy, lofty and generous ideals. Kvsry employer, every wage worker, must be guaranteed ma liberty ami his right to do aa he likes with his prujierfy or his luboi so long as he docs not infringe upon th . wi uui.'i o si i oi me iiignerii im 'Jir "1H ,nat pIloyer and employe saoKtr men itiieavor io appreciate eact: tow viewpoint oi mo othtr and the sur disaster that will come upon both in the long run it either grows to take as habit ual an attitude of sour honiiuy (tnd din trust toward the other. I'ew people do serve iietter ot tliu country than those rep resentatives both of capitiii and liihor and thoro are many suchwho work con tinually to Irrlng about a good tindt-ratand. log of thia kin. I, baked upon wisdom and upon broad and kindly sympathy between tin im 13 era aim employed. Above all, w? need to remember that any kind of claut Hiiiiiioaoiy in iuv political world is. If pos sible, even more wicked, even mora de structive to rational wolfure, than scc thnial, race or religious animosity. W run get good government onlv upon condi tion that We kect true to the nriticlnl. upon which this nation was founded and Judge each man not ns a part of a claaa. but iioii his individual merits. -All tjial wo have a right to ask of uny man. rich or poor, whatever his creed, his occupa tion, his birthplace or bis residence, le that he shall net well and honorably by his neighbor und by Ida country. Hr n. it her tor the rich man aa such nor for the poor man ns such; we are for the up right man, rich or poor. 80 far as the constitutional powers of the national gov ernment touch these matters of geiienil und vital moment to the nation, they should be exorcised In conformity wiln the principles above act forth. It Is eui matly Imped that a accrctnry of commerce may bo created, with a seat In the cabinet. The rapid multiplication of questions affecting labor and capltul. the growth ami complexity of the organisa tions through which both labor nnd capi tal now Und expreasion. tho stes.lv tend-! eacy toward the employment of capital in huge corporations and the wonderful strides of this country toward leadership in the International business world Juaiifv an urgent demand for the creation of aich a rws1ti.ia. - HuradantlKlly aU he leaning commercial bootee tn this country nave iiiihu in reipieaiing its creation. It is Oeatrahio that aoino such measure as that whit h has already passed the senate oe cnacieti into mw. irtc creation of such a department would In Itself be sn ad vance toward dealing with and exercising sn-rvlHion over tho whole subject of the great corporal i'.ns doing an interstate business, and with this end in view the congress snouid endow tho department wiin targe powers, wntcti could be In creased as experience might show the neea. I hope soon to submit to the sonntn a reciprocity treaty with t'ui-a. On May Z(j 1 1 mit-ii niii-B im promise. 10 the Island by formally vacating Cuban soil and turning f'uba over to those whom her own people had chosen as the first officials or mo new republic. Cuba lies at our doors, and whatever af fects her firr irottd or ror ill affe ctft lira nlmi 80 much have our people felt thia that In the I'latt amendment we definitely took tne ground tnat culm must hereafter hnvt closer political relations with us than with any other power Thus In a senso Cuba has become a part of our international Iomicai system. This makes it necessary that in return she should be given some of the benefits of becoming port of our eco nomic system. At is, from our own stand- nomic system, it is. from our own stand point, a shortsighted and mlachlevous pul ley to fall to recogrrixn this need. More over. 11 is unworthy of a m ic itv and son erous nation. Itself the greatest nnd most auccessiui republic in history, to refuse t nireu-n win a neiping naud to a young ano Weak sister republic Just entering upon Its career of Independence. We should al ways fearlessly Insist upon our rights In me rce or the strong, and we should with ungrudging bund do our generous duty by the weak. 1 urge the adoption of reci procity with Cuba not only ttecause It is eminently for our own Interests to control the Culan market and bv everv means to foeter our supremacy tn the Ironical L.nd and waters south of us. but nlso because we or the siant reuubllc nf tlm nrt h should make ail our sister nations of thc- AmerlcHn continent feel that whenever they will permit It we desire tohow our selves disinterestedly and effectively thelr irifiiii. A convention with Orent Rrltaln hum been concluded, which will be nt once Laid before the senate for ratification, provid ing for reciprocal trade arrangements 1h t ween the I piled Rintcs a tel Newfound land on auhntaiitiaWy the lines of the con vention formerly negotiated by the secre tary of state, Mr. Itlaine. I helh vo recip rocal trade relations will lx greatly to the advantage of both countries. As clvf xation arows warfare Isccomc leas snd leas the normal condition of for- Ign relntitina. Tho last cnturv has een a niHrkwl diminution of wars be tws-n civilised bo era. Wara with un- clvllls-d powers are largely mere matters of internationfll tdiee duty, essential for the welfare of the world. Wherever )m slltle arbitration or some similar method should Im employed In Hen of war to settle difficulties between clviltxed nations, al though as yet the world has not pro gresses eurhVlently to render It possible or tiecesAM ri I y desirable to Invoke arbitra tion In every case. The formation of the International tribunal which sits at The lingua Is an event of good omen from Odch great conseiuencea for the wolfure of all mankind may flow. It is far better wiere ponsibie to invoke such a perma-i neut tribunal than to create sptlal arbi trators for a given purfm-sc. it is a matter or sincere contrrtittii.ttton to our country tluit the 1'iiltel Htslea nnd Mexico should have been the prut to lis the goMl o (flees of The Hague court. This a done in at summer with most sufts- faetopv results In the case of a Inlm at Issue tret ween ua and our stMcr r-pthl!c It m e-irneatly to be hoted that th!i fit ki esse will s-rve aa a pre-eletit for others in wntcn not only tne t nited wtstcs but fsreign nations mny take advantage of ths machinery already in existence at The Hagn- I rontmipd to the favoralde Cfrtisldera- tlon of the congress the Hawaiian tire, claims, which w-re the subject of csreful liiV stigatlon during tbe laat session. The i oigras has wisely provid-d tht we shall build at mice an lathmlnn canal, tf poestMe nt fanama. The alortiev gen eral reHFrts that we can undoobbdlv ar il u ire good title from the Kretu h I'ansma cans I comi'iny. Negotiations are now pending with Colfttubia to secure hr aa s'tit to our bulldii g the t anal This ranal will be un .f the greatest ens1nrii!g feats of t lie twentlHli c--nturv, a gicler engineering fet than has yet Iwn ac complish d during the hidry f t mankind The work ehosjld be carried out ns a con tinuing policy without regard to change cf administration, and It should be b-stui. tinder circumstance which will mak Ii a matter of pride for sll sdminlstrations to continue the policy. The ran.-il will le of great benefit to America and of Importance to sll the World. It will be of advantage to us lu-1 dustrtally and also as ImproVfnr our mil itary potlton. It will be of advuntage to Iho countries of tropical America. It ia sarnesti to o hoped that all of thcea countrK-s wl.l do as some of them hsvo already dtmu with signal success and will tniie to Heir shttres comtnerce and Im prove their mat rial conduiona by recog nizing 1h.1t stability and order are tbo nrcreoiitaUcfl of successful development No iudepmfeiif nation In America neod have the slightest fear of aggression from in : nlted States it behooves each on to maintain order within Us own borders and to discharge lis Just obligations to forelaiiers. When this is done, they cau rial adjured that, be tbey strong or weak, they have nothing to dread from outside Interference. More and more the Increas ing Interdependent- and complexity of international political and economic rela tions render it liicumbciit on all civilised ami orderly powers to insist on tho proper policing of the world. Ourmg the fall of 1901 a communication was a. id re need tu the secretary of state asking whether permission would be granted by the president to a corporation to lay a cabio from a point on the Cali fornia coant to the l'htllppino Islands by av of Hawaii. A statement of condi tions or terms uiHn which such corpora tion would umtortuko to lay and operate u cable was volunteered. Inasmuch as the congress was shortly to roimm- and Taeylu cablo legislnthm had been the subject of consideration by tho courrcis for several years, It seemed to mo wise to defer action upon tha aoolica- tion until the congress had lUst an oppor tutiUy to act. Tho congress adjourned without taking any action, leavlna the -imui.-r In exactly ths anno condition in which It stood when tho coiigross con vened. Meanwhile It appears that tha Pnmmsr. rial I'aclflo Cable company had promptly proceeded with preparations for laying Its coble. It also made application to tha irtamleut for ace ess to and use of sound ItKM taken bv Ihe I'll I ted Mtui ale, mi ah in Nero for ihe pnnaiso of diacovurlng a practicable route for a transpacific: cablt Hie company urging that with ac-esa to tb. s,' atiundinsrH it could complete Its cable much n.M.ior than If it were required, to take armndfiiK upon Ita own account. tiding i on -tldcraiion of this subject it appeared Intiaatant and desirable to at tach ceil hiii conditions to the permission to examine nnd use tho soiindiiurM if it Should be granted. iu conseouetu- of this solicitation of th cable company certain conditions were miniated, niton which thu nrealdent wua W ill 1 list lO allow access to th.u miml. Ings ami tr consent to tho lauding and laving of the cable, subject to anv m Itera tions or additions thereto Imptwed by the congress. This was-deemed proper, oeo cimIIv as it was clear that a cable cn iieciion of some kind with China, a for eign country, was a port of tire company's plan. This course waa, moreover, in ac cordance with a line of nrc.l..nt luoliol- ing Tresident Grant's lotion in the case t me nrst f rem n cable, explained to tho con ht ess n tlia annual ineSHuge of io ccmbcr, IST5, aud the Instance occurring In lh7 of tho second French cable from Hrefft to Ht. 1'lorre. With a brunch tn Cupe Cod. a .1 hesw conditions Preat-rllaMl. anifaia nth. cr things, a itmxlnium rule for commer cial messages and rTiat the comfiany sluaiM construct a line from the l'htllp pino islands to China, there Iwlng at ores- -out, in is well known, a Uritiah line from Miinihf to Hongkong. . 1 1 he renrcsentntlvea of tho cable compa ny kept these conditions long under eon- sideratlon. continuing In thu meantime to reparo ror laying the cable. They have' however, at k-ngth acceded to them, and an all American line between our I'aclflo coast aud the Chinese empire by way of Honolulu and the 1'hiilpplne Islands Is thus provided for and Is expected within a few months to be ready for business. Among thu conditions Is one reaervins; the power of tho congress to modify or re-! pcul any or all of them. A copy of tho conditions Is herewith transmitted. i - Of Porto Hlco it la onlv necrHMnrv to tut v. " iiiv I'niBi'ri.iv 01 ine ihihiiu in 1 tati, w I s bun wlih which It has boon governed. nave oeen sucn ns to make it serve as an example, or all that is best In Insular ad ministration. On July 4 last, ou the one hundred and twenty-sixth anniversary of the declara tion or our imiepcndence, peace and am nesty were promulgated In the I'hllipplno jBianua. noine irouiiie nag since rrom time to time threatened with the Mohan, mednn fctoroe, hut with ths late Insurrec tionary J-lllplpoa tho war has entirely ceased. Civil government has now been introduced. Not only does each Fll nlno enjoy such rights to Ufa, liberty and thai pursuit or nappineaa as he has never bed fors known during the recorded history of ins iMiitnos, out tne people, taken as 1 whole, now enjoy a measure of self aov crnnicnt groater than that granted to any other orientals by any foreign nowor and greater than that enjoyed by any other! orientals under their own governments save the Japanese, nlone. We have not (rone too far Vi granting these rights of Itlterty and self government, but we have. certainly gone to tho limit that In the in tcrestrt of the J'hilipplne petrnle themselvei u was wise or just 10 go. to nurry mat ters, to so faster than wo are now irtiliiii would entail ulamlly on the people of, tho Islands. No policy ever entered Into by tnu American people has vindicated It self tn more signal manner than the poli cy of holding ths i'hlllpplnes. Tho tri umph of our urms. above all the trlumnh of our laws and princlpb-s, has come soon-J er thnn wo had any right to exect. Too mm h praise cannot be given to the armyj for what ft has done In tha rhlllpplnea.l both in warfare and from an adinlulstra-f tlve slamlpoint. in pn pifrlng the way for. civil government, und similar credit be-) lonr to the ciil authorities for the wayf In which tbey hnve planletl the see1s of, si if governim nt In the ground thus mads ready for lh-in. The courage, tho un-1 flinching endurance, the high soldierly eftl-1 clency and the general kind honrtedness and humanity of our tropi have U-eti strikingly manifested. .There now remain' only s-i,ie tr.M.ps In the Islands. All1 told. ovr lo,ssl have been sent there. Of course thero ha v beetr Individual In-' st rt net a of wrongdoing among them. They wnrrwl under fearful difficulties of cll- mate ami surroundings, and under the strain of the terrible provocations which they Continually received from their foes occasional lurdincea of cruel 'retaliation occurred, livery efT'rt has been made to rrev-rit su.-h iaieltfr-s. and finally these" effort ha v been r-fniiplet-y auccessf til. J J 1 very ffirrt baa also ih- 11 made t de-1 tt-ct and punlh tb wrongdta-r. After, mnking all allowance for theae misdeeds It remains true that f'-w Indeed have been the ttiKtances In whb h war has been1 ws.fTMl by a civilized Mwer against seml-l civilised or barbarous fi trees where there baa ben so little wrongdoing by ths vic-J tors as In th rnOlppine Islands. On the other hand, the amount of difficult. Impor tant and b 10 ftccut work which has boen done bt well nitfh infilculablo. 1 Takhicf the work of the army and tha" civil authorities tojreth-r, It may be quos-l tloTied whetlor n where else in moilernf times the worbl has seen a better exam-i pie of real conn true tlve statesmanblp: than our people have Ktven In the I'hlllp I Pino Isbiuds. 1 1 iuIi braise should also be given those Filipinos In the aggregate' very numerous who nave nccepted the nw conditions and Joine with our repre-l aenfTiia to work with hearty mi km! will for the Aeirar- t f the inlands The army baa been reduced to the mini-, mum allowed by law. It la very small for the si7,e of the nation and most certainly rhoiild h" kept at the highest point of e(ll- rb-ney. The senior nfrtoera are given scant thnn'p und'T onlinary condition to 1 ercise 'Ktnintnn la commensurate with their rank iiml r circumstances which would tit Ihem to do t)i'lr dntv tn time of actual war A svstern of maneuvering our army In bo-lies of some nttl size has been be gun and should be steadily continued Wlthait such mati-uvir it Is folly to ex T"ft that iu lite event of hostilities wit! my aeriotis fft even a small army corps r.n'ld le handled to advantage. Jtoth our ofrlccrs and enlisted men are such that We nil take hearty prt'le In them. No tiotter m.iterl'l run be found. Hut the muat le tborothly trained, both as ft1i vldiials a d )ti tlie mass Tho tnarksmsn shir of the men most receive special at tentlon. hi tf(e clrciimstniices of modern1 wnrfare th man must act far more on hi on m individual resMinsib1lif y than ever before, nnd the) high Individual env rtencv. of lh' ':nit Is of th ulm'wt .Im port nee, Kormerlv thfs unit wns the legimetd. It is miw ntt the regiment, not even fn trocp or eomfattrrv; It is tb lnil Vidnal sobitcr. Kvery efffrt most be made to tiovloti everv workmanlike snd sol-1 dierlv rpieilty In both the othcer and the enlisted man. 1 firt'eptly call your attention to the Tt-f itf itaysfng a hill prodding f r a gen Continued on Fourth Page