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About Hillsboro independent. (Hillsboro, Washington County, Or.) 189?-1932 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 13, 1896)
Portland TaLrarv 1 a.ooi a.ooi 2.oo:i 2.001 S2.00I 2.001 Independent and C Independent and Oregouian )oUari, Vol. XXIV. IIILXSBORO, WASHINGTON COUNTY, OREGON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1896. 1 Oregonian 0B) J J Xvro Dollam. J GENERAL DIRECTORY. STATE OFFICERS. (Jovornor. Wm. P. Lord KxorttUry of Htata ...Ilarriann U. Kineaiil Tnunw J'b'lliy MHeeban tint. Pnblia Inatraotion . M. Irwin titaia frintar W. H. I.sJ Cbas. E. W olw-rton ..K. 8. Hmb F. A. Moor Jn.li Fifth Diatriot J'. A. Mi-Bride Attorney i'lfth District T' J. lawton COUNTY OFFICEKfl. Jod Vommiaeioners J '" fllerk Kberilf Iwworder ...... Trearartr Kohool BaperUiteadeal tinrveyor Coroner.... - H. r-.tloroeltoa 1. H. Kwm.ner I. u. loda I. A. Imtirie W. I). Bradford . . E. L. UcOunuiuit A. H. 'aiy ...Cteorge H. Wiloni AUHlin 1'r-ii , 1,. K. Wilkea C. L. Lar ORKOOM CITV LAND OFFICE. Kobert A. Miller KeoieW Wm.tlalloway Keoawwr CITY OFF1CKH8. f ...K. B. Ooodm. Mayor H. u. nrown . . ... Jim. Down ....W. II. Walirunit J. H. Stanley R. II. Urw Hoard of Troataaa 1 J. P. Tatuieaie uMrlif Bunion Howuian Initio of Paaoa j j. y, Uickn POBT OFFICE INFORMATION. Tha n.aile aloaa at tba HilUboro Poat iol'wMt Onion, Bethany and Oadar Mill, at 11:20 a.m. OoiDR Booth, 8:30 a m. . Uoin to Portland and way-offleea, r:M a. "" tVa&JnRto" and Lanrel. Wedneedaya nd Baturdaya at 10:30 a. m. CHDBOH AND SOCIETY NOTICEH. CONGREGATIONAL CHCROH. wrner Main and Fifth atreeta. Reaching every Babbatb, moraine and awnina. Hab, batb'eebool at 10 o'clock a. ru. Pray" meeting Thnraday evening. Y. P. B. "nnday at 8:80 p. m. Ail ..rYlcee wll be abort. bright, Intere.ttng and helpful. lvron oonllally wah oma. 7 KVAN P.HUUHE8. Tmlor. rV ANGELICAL rfurrnntf - fV)mpr '-". T.", fn-rth Bon- evening p. "! r- . r "7 . . da at 11 a. m.lBnnday aohnol at 10 a. m.. p"yVr mirtini T.ry7Wednr.adyaTeniDR; feaXramaetinif every Sunday evening. U. h. Pratt, paator. FI11BT Cbrlatlan Cbnwh, H. L. 8hlley Viator. Baaalina and Third. l'robn ,T.ry Hnnday at 11 a. m. and M p. m. Bnn7.THcbool 10 a. m. Prayer n.. Thnraday, SKJO p. . Y. P. 8. 0 Bun day, I Mi p. m. fSIIWT BAPTIST CHCROH OF HILLS r boro.eornn Third and Hr. Prefh. InoTir" Sa'&HOFlELD. PMtor. ' ME. CHURCH, O. K. l'n paator. .Pr.aohiiiiary Sabbath mornmR and MeninB Babbatb aobool atcry Babbatb at 10 4? . Iama meatina ry Sunday at 6-M r. M. General prayer meetino ewry 1 borejay ayenimi. Laadera1 and Btewardfa meetimi the aenond Toeaday eyeninn of each month. A. 0. V. W. HILIBORO LODGE NO. 61. A. O. V. W., meeU eary ilrat and third ,ld.y ''"V1ihBj1AN, M. V. 1. 1. KaiQT. Beoorder. . " laithtri t Bbefch. nlLLBBORU KEBEKAH LOIGE NO. mT I. O. O. F., meeta in Odd tellowa' Hall ery Saturday Tening. Maa. NEVADA Khl-SA,N.G. Maa. EuiaaTH Wti.aa.Seoy. p. r h. UILLSnOHO GRANGE, N). 73, meeta 2nd and 4th Saturday of each month. RmM.tkMorLD, Maaer, Aaaia laaaia, Bea. I. . . MONTEZUMA LODGE. NO. M. meeta Wedneadayeyeninnaattto'olock.in I.O. ' F Hall. Viaitora made welcome, t.llall. mmiow , AK,NNiiYf M.(!. D. M.C. G401T, Beo'y. w. r. . c MEETS eery Snnday adenine; at T o'clock in the Chriatian ehnreb. loo are nrti.ll, in.itI tofiXftg Kathbaac Hlstrrt. UlKENICIA TKMPI-E NO. 10, R. 8 I meet every 2nd and th rrliUy ineacl Maa. M. A. Hot-aa, M. E. C. M. ol H. and K. ( V. IJHtENIl W)DGE. NO. M, K. OF P.. 1 meeta in Odd Fellowa' Hall on Monday renin of each week. Bojuarnins; brethren welcomed to lodge meeMnaa. J. kl. WAI.I., C. O. I.. A. Loao, K. of II. I H, A. F. A. M. f pUALITY U)DGI NU t, A. F. A A. M., L meeta eery Saturday nibt on or after full moon of each month. ... .. W. D. WOOD, W. M. R. l'antLi, SecreUry. 0. E. S. f I11T AI.AT1N CHAPTER, NO. M.O. E.S., 1 meeta at Mason lo Tempi on the 2nd and 4th Tueaday of earh month. Maa. V. 1). HA UK, W. M. Oaao CaoaaiTa, Secretary. W. Ce T. t. HIU.fl!ORO, W.C.T. r. MEETA IN the I'vnRrefational t'hiirth on the 4ih Friday In each month at S o'clock P, M. flMALATlN PLAINS PRESBYTERIAN 1 ('hnri'b. Reanlar preaching, Snndaya, 11 o'clock A. Mi Snnday achnnl, 10 o'clock A. M. W. H. D1EUDOKFF. Paatir. I. o. t. a. VIOLA TENT, NO. 1. K. O. T. M., meeU in Odd Fellowa' Hall, on arc and fourth Tburaday Tnlnra of each month. L. A. LONO, Unroll Bow, Com. R. k. WASHINGTON ENCAMPMENT No, tA, I. O. O. F., meeta on tint and b rd Ta-'dara of each month. P. M. CUnvtr, rWibe. Ul. BAMUM rtMT, 10. 60, U. A. R. MEETS IN ODD FELLOWS II A I.I. ON the nrt and third Peturdaya of eaoh ivnlh, ! 1:24 o'clock, P. M. N A. M. COLLINS. .rit.iL, A. M., I', f. AdlmanL uif. BiH)f ivsr so. ;. w. s. r. MEKTS IN ODD FELLOWS HALL Hillaboro, on lha lat. lad 3d. Fridaja a each month at 9-IW p. m. AR UCBPHtET PraiJBt i Highest of all is Leavening Power. Latest U. S. Gov't Report PROFEHSIONAL OAPDS, THOMAS H. TONtJl'E, jm )r:ey-at la w, HILLSKOUO, OUkUON. Omen: Morgan Ulook. W. . BABBITT. I B. 41lMa BAKKETT ADAMS, 1 TO RN E YS-AT-LA W, II II.IXBOKO, OREGON Orrira: Cautral Block, llooiua 6 and 7, BBNTOM BOWMAN, W. P. iMITH. Notary Public. SMITH ft HOW MAS, ATTORNEYS-AT- LAW. UlLLSllORO, OREOfJN. Orrica: Rnorua 6 and 7, Mornan block. f. E. K1SDT, TTORNEY-AT-LAW, PORTLAND. ORB:0(.N. .. . v a ir.rii.nii Niiinin Hank KnildinK, Seouud and WaabinKton btretta. E0. K. BAIiI.ET, TTORNEY-AT-LAVV, UILLSBORO, OREOON. Ite.l.lent airent for Royal Inauranca Co. Room : No. 13, Morgan Block. H. T. LI SK LATER, M. B. C. M. pilYSICIAN AND SURGEON, HILLS HO KO, OREGON. nrri! at reaidenoe. eaat of Conrt Honae. where be will be found at all tiniea when not viaitiDK patients. J. I'. TAXIESIE, M. II., g P. R. R. SURGEON, fm Mn II wmmmmnm I MimAf 1 hird and Main StreeU. Oltioe boura, MUM to 12 a. m 1 to 6 and 1 to p. m. Telephone to reaidenoe from Brock & Bela' Druiiatore at all boura. All ealla promptly attended, iiKDi or uay. W. U. WOOD, M. U., pilYSICIAN AND SURGEON, UILL8HORO, OREGON. Orrtoa: In Chenette Row. llBtlDIKCB roruer Firat and Main atreeta. V, A. BAILEY, M. D. PHYSICIAN, BURGEON AND A ACCX)UC1IEUR. HILLS BORO, OREGON. I ... I lit.. ...... tln(n Hlnnli. Olla 11 Miiihft nr itAV- Itjwiiieiiae. 8. W . Cor. Bam Line and beoond atreeta. R.SIX0N, JJENTIST, FOREST GROVE, OREGON. la now making teeth for IA.00 and $7.60 wr at beat of material and woikmanahip. tV'ill eompara with aeta euetiuff $26. Teeth extraoted witbont pain. iilhoKa at tbe kiweat price a. All work wamntod. (nrvirai three doora north of Briok atore. Office bonra from a, ax. to 4 p. m. A. B. BAILEY, D. D. M. JJENTLST, HILLBRORO, OREdO.i'. Rooms 1 and 2, Muruan A Brtiley Bloi k. WILE EN BKON. RSTRACIORH AND k SURVEYORS. H1LLSBORO, OREGON. Aoen f.ir Bar Irfwk Type Writer. Two doora of Poetotlioe. Til OS. D. HUMPHREYS. CONVEYANCING AND AUSTRACT1NU OF TITLES. HILIBORO. OREGON. ImiI nnM drawn and Tjunl nn Real Fatal nfumtiatod. Hnaineaa attended to with promptneaa and diapatch. Omen: Main Street, oppoaito tha Conrt Honae. WM. BESS05, pRACTICAL MACHINIST dILLSBORO, OREGON. All kinda of repairing on Steam Enirinea and Boiler, Mill Work, ThreahinR Macbinea Mowera, Feed Cnttcra, Sewing Machinea Washing Machinea. Wrineera. iumt. Snalra. Seiaaora ground. Unn and Locka aniithing. Sawa ground and filedi and bare a large number of areond-hand engine and boiler for aale. All work warranted. Dr. Prfcw'f. Cream Baking; Powder Aawdei Cold Meiai MidwlMer Fair, aa Francawa. ? KNOCK A aor tpot, green, black, or Wue, la a 5 THC 8F QDflTC Tan ST linnHS Wl W I W Vlf tfflMVWV OUT. IT TO mum - tYEU THE STATE. Jt f-hti itmtetl l y tlioso In a p'wl lion to hf fairly accurate, tliat 40,(MM) Ire.l.J r.f c.lii'Iil riuiu lue frAriicy I'iVuu Iry liave lx en Hhijied froui Ontario this WftKlll, A liltr coyoto hunt was had laxt week at Wnnl's liutte, Unn couniy. All tiny was epent at it. About .10 men Rra-lually Urew in upon the coyote, which was finally hliot In the evening ly David West. Six or seven allots were fired in all before the coyote wni killed. I). II. Jack mi wasn't doing a thing but croating the street in New iK'rg last week, when he was run In lo by J. Harrie, who was hurrying to the train. Mr. Jackson's- leg was broken, and ninco the accident Mr. Ilarrie has npent his time lixiking af ter his victim's wants. The town of Grant hat a genuine haunted house snys the Arlington Record. The. ghostly form of a woman, beautiful, ol course, can lie wen under the tdindra of evening, and Ix-fore the day breaks anything. The building wns once used as it hotel, but now a imt too suiicious Chinese lives in it, gh-t or no ghost. T. J. Jlame-i, United States fish commissioner, arrived at Newport, Thursday evening with 1,(100 Eastern brook trout for Scott Morris, of Sius law river. The litUu fellow? were put in charge of R. A. llensell, and can be wen sporting In the waters of the Coast range at the cannery. The llsh car has been distributing this species of trout and the "rainbow" trout from Colorado through North nnd South Dakota, Montana and Oregon. A shot fro.'u an airgun in the hands of Master Ifarry Waggoner Wednes day afternoon, at Corvailis, came near cof-ting F. P. Hheasgreon's little son I ho loss of an eye. The. boys were playing soldier at the time, and when the accident occurred is was a pretty hard matter to dcicrniine which one of, llicm was (lie more scared. For tunately the shot struck the injured boy just below the eyeball, and in Hicted only a slight abrasion of the skin. Had the bullet ranged a hall inch highe r, the result would certain ly have been serious. Observers in Marion county saw n very brilliant metoer sweep through the heavi ns last week. Editor Clnrke, of the Oervais .Star, thus re cords his vision: "The carriage was stopped nnd for fully a moment all were spellbound gazing at thenppari tiou. It was as though n lighted railroad traiu swiftly passed through the heavens, parallel with the earth. It was ditTcitnt from ordinary meteoric phenomena, in that it bad three balls of fire and as many tails, all connected, and instead of gravitat ing to the earth, was parallel. It was going from the west to the eas and disapicarcd in the midst of the Cascade mountains." The run of salmon tin th" Coipiille river was never to small as Ibis sea son and there have been several con jectures as to the cnti.-e. Lately, the run has increased immensely. In view of the l-itci:c of the run, the governor was petitioned to extend the open season, mid the request was granted for n term of two weeks from (Moticr Hit. The fishermen had been much put out and dis-inscd the cause from many standpoints. If the late, ness was caused by the dye washings from the woolen mills, it is explained that the late rains have cli-ared the waters of the offensive matter, and the fish come in. The cr.ntieries are In good running order and the fish are plentiful. Ciecse.and duck ore now in Lane county, haxing been brought by f lie last heavy rain. The pheasant sea son wid soon end, and hunters are now beginning let devote their atten tion lo gee- and ducks. As yet, however, the fowls aro not very plentiful. An old sportsman says one more storm will be necessary to bring thrm In for the winter. The geese that annually winter on the range in the w utli are now traveling toward California, and many of Iheni stop to rest anil feed in the valley, while making the Journey. Hunters have killed quite a numlier across the rivr, north from Eugene. The lime was when Tualatin Plains fur nished a favorite feeding ground, but of late years our ulii-at fields have not attracted !iij;lc prxwe. nil .n1 color faoV Via, taai eAMMitaa Jliannaaa IS MAGICAL BRUBSE THE FIFTI-FIFTIl C0SGBES!. From the returns received, the following atatemeut of the complex ion of the next national bouse of rep resentatives la compiled : Alabama 7 democrats, 1 populist ami independent; eighth district doubtful. Arkansas C democrat. California 2 democrats, 3 republi cans, 3 populists, probably, Colorado 2 populists and inde pendents. Connecticut 4 republican. .Delnwflre1 densccrat. - Florida 2 democrats. Georgia 1 1 democrats. Idaho 1 populist and indepen dent. Illinois-2 democrats, 16 republi can third district doubtful. Indiana 4 democrats, 8 republi cans. Iowa 11 republicans. Kansas 1 democrat, 2 republicans, 5 fuslonlsts and populists. Kentucky 7 democrats, 4 repub licans. Louisiana 6 democrats, 1 republi can, i Maine 4 republicans. Maryland 6 republicans. Massachusetts 1 democrat, 11 re publicans. Michigan 2 democrats, 10 repub licans. Minnesota 7 republicans. Mississippi 7 democrats. Missouri 12 democrats, 3 republi cans. . Montana 1 populist and indepen dent. Nebraska 4 democrats, 2 republi cans. Nevada 1 populist and Indepen dent. New Mexico 1 democrat. New Hampshire 2 republicans. New Jersey 8 republicans. New York 5 democrats, 29 repub licans. North Carolina 2 democrats, 2 re publicans, 5 populists and indepen dents. North Ddkota 1 republican. Ohio- 6 democrats (some endorsed by the populists), 14 republicans; first and twelfth districts doubtful. Oregon 2 republicans. Pennsylvania 3 democrats, 27 re publicans. " ' ' Khode Island 2 republicans. South Carolina 6 democrats. South Dakota Returns incom plete. Tennessee 0 democrats, 3 repub licans; tenth district doubtful. Texas 10 democrats; fourth, seventh and tenth districts incom plete. Utah 1 populist and independent. Wyoming 1 republican. Vermont 2 republicans. Virginia 8 democrats, 2 republi cans. Washington 2 fusion. West Virginia 4 republicans. Wisconsin 10 republicans. EASTEK.t OKEUO.MINES. To give an idea of the extent and importance of the mining interest of Baker county, the following para graphs are reproduced, copied from a news report dated Baker City, No vember 6th: The placer season practically closed with the end of the month, as the miners all wished to finish their clean-ups in time to get to the nearest town the day before election. Owing to the abundance of wter everywhere the clean-ups this year will be con siderably in excess of the returns for the last four years. The shipments of concentrates to the smelter is alaiut 2(N) tons a month, the principal producer being the E. A E. Mines at Cracker creek, the U. C. mines at Cornucopia and the Red Boy at Granite. The miners of the new McCul louch's fork district, where the Ibex mine Is located, arc now prepared to work their claims all winter. It is the opinion of those who have visited the region that it will take rank with the E. A E. and Granite dis tricts next season as a producer. The Grant Company of Salt Lake, has cleaned and enlarged eight miles of old ditch, and built four miles of new ditch this fall. The main ditch has a width ot six feet on the bot tom. This water will be used on the Klopp placer and the north fork of the Job a Day. And Larson hat uaJe a rich strike om lHivrfwk,amlliMaidpf.l i aunlrw sit as l work all winter. Tbe V. V. tniaea, at the Union CoBipanioa ltfaina; totartles are called, at altraxiy (he an oat exten sively 4crlitJ ami btst-equippetl ndnes tributary lo Ihie city. Owing to the excepUouti steepness of the Eagle mountain, the company has already been able to uncover the ledge at the 1000-foot level. The 20 sUmp mill is equipped with eight concentrator and two aeta of alum table. Mine and mill are lighted by electricity. f new 275-horse. power alr-coiupresslng plant is now I building, so as to do the drilling with machine drills. About CO tons of ore a day are sent to tbe mill by a gravity tram. The U. C. Company has bonds on the Red Boy, which has a 12 foot ein and over 10,000 feet of develop ment work. The same company has a bond also on the Last Chance Uiiutt which shows a four-foot vein. The W hite Elephant mine is de veloped by a 400-foot tunnel and a 75-foot shaft, and shows ore running about 3, free milling, and $130 in concentrate. The Queen mine realized (85 per ton on its shipment of concentrates. The lode la developed by two 100- foot shafts and a tunnel 350 feet long. The Simmons group of five claims is bonded to Eastern capitalists, as Is the Comet group, belonging to Senor l Booles. A minor who has been testing the Clack sands of the Snake river pub lished an article recently to the effect that the so-called black sands are really nearly all sulhurela, and that the gold is not free. It may be true (hat In hla particular locality there Is a large percentage of sulphureU in some of the high placers, but the statement will surprise the chemists and assayera who have experimented for years on the well-known sands of the Snake. The White Swan mill started up this week, after its long two years' rest. Soap, Foam 1 1 1 De Witt's Witch Hazel Salve is aril antiseptic, soothing and healing ap plication for burns, scalds, cuts, bruises, etc., and cures piles like magic. It instantly stops pain. W. E. Brock. A compound that makes your hands rough will rot clothes. Try Soap Foam. Speed and safety are the watch words of the age. One Minute Cough Cure acts speedily, safely and never fails. Asthma, bronchitis, coughs and colds are cured by it. W. E. Brock, Catarrh cured, health and sweet breath secured, by Shiloh'a Catarrh Remedy. Price 50 cents. Nasal injector free. For sale by the Delta Drug Store. Tetter, eczema and ail similar skin troubles are cured by the use of De Witt's Witch Hazel Salve. It soothes at once and restores the tissues to their natural condition, and never falls to cure piles. W. E. Brock. Consumption, lagrippe, pneumonia nd all throat and lung diseases are cured by Shlloh's Cure. For sale by the Delta Drag Store. Pure blood means good health. De Witt's Sarsaparilla purifies the blood, cures, eruptions, eczema, scrofula and all diseases arising from impure blood. W. E. Brock. "My baby had croup and was saved by Shiloh's Cure," writes Mrs. J. B. Martin, of Huntsville, Ala. For sale by the Delta Drug Store. A hacking cough is not only an noying to others, but is dangerous to the person who has it. One Minute Cough Cure will quickly put an end to it. W. E. Brock. Karl's Clover Itoot Tea purifies the blood and gives a clear and beautiful complexion. For sale by the Delta Drug Store. Mrs. L. R. Patton, Bock ford, III., writes: "From personal experience I can recommend De Witt's Sarsaparil la a cure for impure blood and geu- eral debility." W. E. Brock. I was nervous, fired, irritable and cross. Karl's Clover Root Tea has made me well and happy Mrs. E. B. Worden. For sale by the Delta Drug Store. Many political speakers, clergy men, singers and others who use the voice excessively, rely upon One Minute Cough Cure to prevent huski ness and laryngitis. Its value as a preventive is only equaled by its power loaflord Instantaneous relief. W. E. Brock. Pills do not cure const iatlon They only aggravate. Karl's tlover Root Tea gives perfect regularity of the bowels. For sale by the Delta Drug Store. Chronic constipation is a painful disagreeable and life-shortening diffi culty. It deranges the system, causes sick headache, bad breath and poi sons the blood. It ran be readily overcome by Little Early Risers. These little pills are great regulators. W. E. Brock. Many lives of usefulness have been cut short by neglect to break up an ordinary cold. Pneumonia, bronchi tis and even consumption ran be averted by the prompt taw of One Minute Coogh Cur a, Wa.Brfc, WAPI'-AMER!CX 1IELL M0SET. Fro-n tha New York Evening foat. The strong Interest felt just now in all matters relating to money makes timely an account of the shell money that was current among our Ameri can Indians when they were Brt iuet by Europeans. The name and gen eral use of the money bead-i called wampum are familiar enough, but the volume, Importance and effect of it upon trade has been forgotten. . The ue of clfenbtirsg medium tr facilitate commerce by simplifying the awkward devices of barter Is sup posed to Indicate a considerable- ad vance toward civilization in the peo ple employing it. On this score, the North American Indians ought to stand high in the list of barbarians, sine they possessed an aboriginal money of recognized value, although it had no sanction other than com mou custom. This money was made from sea shells, which seem to have commen ded themselves for this purwwcs to widely different peoples. A small brown cowry attained a great circulation,- and Is still largely used in tropical Africa, India and the South Sea Islands. It was once the coin ol those regions to the exclusion of everything else, in trading with the savages, and ships going after cargoes of ivory, palm oil, sandalwood and similar products, were obliged first to provide themselves with cargoes of cowries at Z-tnzlbar or some other port where they could lie Imught in large quantities. This small shell, smooth, shining, easily perforated, and not too com mon, was the most suitable thing thatxould be found. It could not tie produced artificially, or counterfeited or acquired without considerable ex ertion. It therefore represented an expenditure of labor on the part of its possessor, and became at once a pur chasing power. Its "Intrinsic" value was derived from the fact that strings of this shell were everywhere highly eateemed as ornaments, and could al ways lie turned to good account in that way when their owner had no immediate use for them in trade. This, in fact, is the basis of value in al the shell moneys, which were or naments first and became a monetary currency because of their convenience and universal acceptability. This re sembles the way in which gems were regarded In the middle ages, when there were no banks or means of car rying and trinsferring money by drafts or letters of credit. A man going upon a long journey would pro vide for his expenees by putting his funds into Jewels, one of which be would sell whenever he needed more cash. This was the only practicable method in those days of making one's wealth portable. Among the aborigines of tbe cowry-using countries the shells repre sented approximately the purchasing power of money to-day; but when European traders began to gather them systematically where they grew, take them In ship-loads to the interior of Africa, the new Hebrides and himilar regions, they increased the number in circulation so enor mously and outbid one anotiier so recklessly (as they could well afford to do) that the shells lecauie ex tremely common and sank in value to almost nothing. No alterations were made to the cowry, except to punch a small hole in it for the passage of a thread; and in this respect it resembles the hiqua or money strings of tusk shells (Den tolitum), which, as will lie presently explained, has only recently gone out of uso among the Indians of our Northwest coast. Tbe orlgiu of American shell money may be taken to have been somewhat as follows: Shells, by their pretty shape and bright colors at tracted the eye of the savage, who, finding them easy to suspend about his clothing, employed them as or naments, certain kinds becoming es pecially fashionable. Only those tribes living on the shores of the ocean could obtain these shells; but as soon as they were in request by natives of the interior exchanges quick ly sprang up. Roger Williams, speaking of tbe trades pursued by the members of the Narragansett Indians of Rhode Island, records that those along the coast "made money" as a regular and profitable operation. . The longer these exchanges continued, the more frequently and widely they were car ried on, the more the shell beads lost their character as ornaments and be came truly money. The shell money of the eastern coast consisted of small cylindrical beads from a fifth to a quarter of an inch In length, of two kinds of values represented by different color, while and dark purple. A great variety of names and spellings of the Indian terms for these beads appears in the books of the early voyagers and his torians, none of which survive in popular parlance, except wampam, which seems originally to bare desig nated the white beads alone. This white variety was most A-ten- tifui and was of iaferb varan? it w tummmif ! fat tk tf-al v'oiuU'iU of tlie Urge ou'-ilped conch (Fnlgar), the most plentiful large univalve on the eastern coast. Roger Williams wrote In his "Key" to the language of the Narragansetts : "Tho New England Indians are Ig norant of Euroie's coyne. Their owne Is of two sorts; one white, uhich tliey make of the stem or stock of the periwincie, which they call Meteauhok, when all h shell ! brokprt off." Tills kind was distin guished by law in Rhode Island as late as 10G.1. Smith's "History of New-Jewry" telU Uib-aiue tiling of that const; afid Beverly's "History of Virginia," date 1705, records that the riches of thejndians there consisted of "peak, rormoko and such like tritles." The first was made from the quahaug shell, but roenoke was the name of a poorer sort of liead made from the couch. The dark -colored variety of wam pum the gold of the red man was fabricated out of a small part of the shell of the hard clam or quahaug, which the Indians gathered alive I y wadiug or diving, not having such rakes as are used by modern clam dredgers. Toward one end (the for ward) of the otherwise white interior of each of the valves of this mollusk's shell Is a deep purplish or brownish black scar which fishermen call the "eye." It Indicates tho attachment of the largo muscld by which the ani mal shuts and holds its shells to gether. This dark spot the Indians broke out of the shell ami used as the material for their dark-colored beads. These are worth twice as much as the white tines, because they represented that difference in rarity and labor of manufacture. Some of the methods of making this finer sort of bead coin are inter esting. "Befire ever they had awle blades from Europe," says Williams, "they made shift to bore their shell money with stone"; and from, the shell heaps along the New England coast are now exhumed these old flint awls or drills of a prehistoric de sign, which may have been revolved in some cases by a bow such as Jewel ers employ nt present. Lawson de scribes, in Ids account of early trad ing in Carolina, a method of drill ing with a nail stuck in a cane or reed. - "They roll it continually - on 'heir thighs with their right hand, holding the bit of shell with their left; so in time they drill a hole quite through it, which is very tedious work." The coinage, so lo speak, of thi shell money was, therefore, a work of patient labor and great delicacy ol manipulation, and there was no feat of increasing the supply beyond the demands of trade by the worth ol one deerskin, since a savage would rarely make a single bead more thai sufllced for his immediate wants. It was, however, a true medium of ex change a real currency. Ail the early writers speak of it as "riches" and "money" and "current specie." The Deia wares, in fact, bad a tribal treasury of wampum, out of which were paid the expenses of public af fairs. Hired servants at stated feast c and ceremonials were paid in wam pum, and great quantities were thrown Into graves for the uso of the departed spirit in the next world. It followed as a matter of course that the shrewd first traders who came to New York and New Jersey should adopt this currency, which all the nations were accustomed to, re ceiving it as pay for their merchan dise, and with it buying peltries of the Indians. Thus wampum quickly became a standard of value among the earliest colonists, their currency to a great extent in their transactions with each other, and finally t-ven a legal tender. Though the lieads were often used separately, the ordinary and approved manner was to string them upon cords or sinews, which might or might not be plaited into bands ami be used as wampum belts. The length of these strings varied, but lo the neighborhood of the Hudson a length of about six feet was found to be the usual quantity computed by the Indians, and hence a fathom be came the Dutch unit of trade. In the South the unit length was a string as long as the distance from the elbow to the tip of the little finger a cubit. The Indians were particular as to the quality and size of tbe beads, for upon the elegance of their finish to peak scientifically, the amount of personal labor they represented de pended their value; and they were careful to examine each string, and if it were inierfect, or the beads worn and irregular they would not accept It. They measured the quantify by their thumbs, counting six beads to the length from the end of the nail to the fir-t Joint. Woolliy's "History of New York, written in 1679, say that then wampum was " allied above the Spanish or English silver," Now came some "financiering." Seeing that profit and wealth lay in possession of wampum, the burghers along the Hudson river, as the easiest way of getting rich, U-gan to mike it, there being no law against a free nd unlimited coinage. With their toon) of H I and knowledge of lathes blacr:4aw . verjf rabidly, a4 there was no lack of clam shells; but with the absence of the pains-taking care bestowed upon the native hand made beads, came a poor quality of wampum which the Indians would not accept at the same prico as be fore. To widen their market the Dutch carried the custom to New England, where it seems that the pil grims had not made much uso of watppuni. Tho Muvi. !iuells rulers tried to prohibit it, but when the In dians there learned that it could buy goods from white men, they began to make tMiiore iiufustifiousfy.'and the amount increased so rapidly that the usual result depreciation followed. But meanwhile trade flourished, the wampum (or seawant, as tho Dutch called lt-irculatingevery where exactly as money does with us. Wil liam Kieft was then governor of New Netherlands, and in the Knicker bocker History Irving gives a hu morous account of the financial trou bles that ensued. To check the evil effects of the fintlation hinted at above, Kieft had his council pass a law, dated April H, 1041, whose pre- -amble illustrates in a singular way the truth of the rule that a cheaper money always supplants a dearer. This law read thus- "Whereas, very bad wampum Is at present circulating here, and pay ment Is made In nothing but rough, ii n polished stuff, which is brought hither from other places, where it is 50 per cent cheaper than It Is paid out here, and the good polished wam pum, commonly called Manhattan wampum, Is wholly put out of sight -or exported, which tends to the ex press ruin and destruction of this country. In order to provide in time therefor. We do, therefore, for the public good, interdict and forbid all persons to receive in payment, or to pay out, any unpol ished wampum during the next month of May, except at Five for ane stiver, and that strung, and then after that six beads for one stiver. Whosoever shall bo found to have teted contrary hereunto, shall pro visionally forfeit the wampum which is paid out atid ten guilders for the poor, and both payer and payee are alike liable. The well-polished wam pum shall remain at its price as be tiiretq wit, four for ouo stiver, pro vided it be strung." .' In .Massachusetts (act of 1C48) "wauiputnpcag," was legal tender for ill debts up to 40 shillings, "except tiounty rates to the treasurer," the while at eight for a penny and the alack at four for a penny. In 1C5G (hePequot Indians paid as tribute to tho united colonies 210 fathoms of wampum. At this time tho while ,vas worth 5 shillings sterling per fathom of 800 beads, and the black 10 shillings. It was legal tender in New England until 1001, and in New York until somewhat litter, but it remained useful for a long period afterward, j Nearly a century passed and still the shell money held a firm place iri-" colonial- trade all along the coast, though It bad depreciated to about one-fourth Its former value. Baron Kalm, who wrote a most observant book about America in 1845, has much to say of t. He tells us that the Indians of the backwoods knew or cared little for gold or silver, but demanded wampum; and that there were factories of it, especially at Al bany, The Rev. Mr. Burnaby saw it made on Staten Island, and in 1750 Jacob Spicer, of Ciqio May, then ono of the leading merchants of New Jer sey, collected all be could of it, and found his stock worth more than its weight in silver coin. A factory for making wampum for the Western In dian trade survived at Parle Ridge, IS. J., until about 1875. Catarrh curd, health and sweet breath secured, by Shiloh's Catarrh Remedy. Price, 50c. Nasal inje.-tor free. -For sale by the Delta Drug Mtore. The chief engineer of an English railway, ho has been Inspecting the railroads In this country, said be fore leaving for homo laat week: "You have one advantage which, for practical economy, is Incalulabte. I refer . lo the superior intelligence of your conductors, engineers and other employes over ours." For this rea son more red tas? Is necessary in England. The compliment is a neat one.. American railway men are better paid than English, and deserve to be. Further, the salary will be In dollars as g'iod as any other dollars. Consumption can l cured by the ue of Shiloh's Cure. This great Cough Cure Is the only known rem edy for that terrible disease Fof sale by the Ielta Drug Store, . Wash your white clothes ith Moap Foam and they will not tnrn yellow. . , Freak . "Are you a single man?" a-Jted lawyer of a German on the witneaa stand. "Now you look oud" was thw indignant reply, "bud don'f you try to make no stake mit me toreit tan. cause I raa green. Do I look like I vas a double man? Do I look like) I wa a Si'raese dwin? If ul I tax ana fool if I am not lf teilafMBtfr' uarperiM?Ma
