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EARTH, SAND-CLAY AND GRAVEL ROADS
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S ID E DITCH
PIO. I
APPLY A T A N Y
^ ^ rrm flrrw i
from the surface as quickly as prac
ticable, so as to prevent the surface
material from being softened by sat
uration or washed by water collecting
In, and flowing along, ruts.
(b) It Is desirable to keep the crosa
section of the road as flat us Is con
sistent with good drainage, because
truffle distributes Itself over a flat road
surface much better than over one
that Is heavily crowned, and an even
distribution of traffic makes towurd
uniform wear and comparatively light
maintenance. There Is also less danger
of skidding on u road of flut crosa sec
tion than where the surface Is crowned.
In general, the amount of crown
should be greater on grades than on
level stretches of road, because the
tendency for water to wash away the
surfuce by collecting In und flowing
thut the water may be conducted to
some |H»lnt where It may be turned
off from the road. The accompanying
figures show typical cross sections for
eurth side ditches. The cross section
shown In the first figure Is suitable for
sleep giades where the depth of water
In the side ditches must tie kept low In
order to preveut washing of the soil.
The second figure shows u modified
section which gives a greater capacity
for the some widths of ditch than the
cross section shown In the [»receding
figure, hut which can be employed only
on comparatively flut grades If wash
ing Is to he prevented. Figure 8 shows
a cross section adapted especially to
Patience on s Pullman.
flat grades where a considerable vol
“ W’hen do you expect to arrive at ume of water must lie carried. Pitches
your destination t”
of the cross sections shown In figures
“ Haven’t thought of that When I
travel now I simply get on board a 1 and 2 have the advantage In that
train and wait and aee what happens." they may be constructed with an or
dinary road grader, which Is not true
— Exchange.
of the seetlon shown In figure 3.
3. Where It Is Impracticable to con
C A M A Graoalafed Eyelids, struct side ditches that will carry the
required amount of water without
washing,
paved gutters should be em-
quickly relieved by Ni
Fyeftsaeijr. No Smarting, I ployed.
4. If the material composing the
jutt Eye Comfort. At
Druggiita or by mail 50c per Bottle. Marlas I roadbed consists o f springy earth, some
Eye Selva in Tube* 25c. For Beak el Ike Eye | form of underdrnlnnge Is essential. A
VÉU a*k Marlas Eye Bcsiedy Ce., CMeste line of farm tile laid to proper grade
under each side ditch Is. In general, the
most satisfactory way of securing ade
CIURS
quate underdrainage. Either four-inch
or six-inch tile Is employed for this
purpose.
5. Culverts or bridges should be con-
along ruts depends largely upon the
steepness of the grade. Also the care
with which a road Is to be maintained
may have an Important Influence on
the amount o f crown that should be
given to the surface. It I* evident that
a road surface maintained In a smooth
uniform condition will shed water off
to the side ditches with much less
crowu than would be required where
ruts are allowed to form.
Instead of crowning the road sur
face sufficiently to prevent water from
flowing along the traveled way and
causing washes on steep grades, resort
Is sometimes had to “ water breaks.”
or “ thank-yon-ma'ams.” constructed
ncross the road at short Intervals.
These water breaks may consist of
either broad, shallow ditches or flut
ridges constructed at a slight angle
with the road so as to turn water from
the traveled way Into the side ditches.
Such devices usually are much more
objectionable, especially to automobile
trull#, than a rather heavily crowned
road, provided the surface Is not con
structed of material which becomes
very slippery when wet, and they
should de dispensed with except In ex
treme cases.
An exception to the general rules for
crowning a road surface perhaps
should be noted ns applying to cases
where tk<- roadbed and surface are of
sand. In such cases It Is preferable
that the cross section be flat so as to
retain as much moisture as practicable,
though tn cold climates a alight crown
Solalai l u piaranlMti M auH|
A NEW SUIT
koVERALLS
FREE
Rffi.u % pat orr
IF THEY HIP
Ü^^Vare
Louk Un dus Ubai (JT
LfVI STRAIISS ¿ c a
U n r PAfr.rVTO. CAL
LEVI STRAUSS ê CO , Um FrucUce
\1*u hv -
mmmmmt M ir«, o f *' F ro+d nm - A l t » 9
ft n«w garment lor woman
Hurrah! How’s This
Cincinnati authority a ays corns
dry up and lift out
with Angara.
Ouch I T I T ! I This kind of rough
talk will be heard leas here la town If
people troubled with corns will follow
the simple advice of this Cincinnati
authority, who claims that a few drops
of a drug called freesone when applied
to a tender, aching corn or hardened
callous atopa soreness at ojice, and
soon the corn or callous dries up and
Ilf to right off without pain.
He aaya freesone dries Immediately
and never Inflames or even Irritates
the surrounding skin. A small botUe
of freesone will coat very little at any
drug store, but will poslUvely remove
every hard or soft corn or callous
from one's feet. Millions of America's
women will welcome this announce
ment alnce the Inauguration of the
high heels. If your druggist doesn't
have freesone tell him to order a small
botUe for you.— Adv.
® 9r®
OSS? O
m
f f
i 7
r
!HI Sill
f. I*
OINTMENT V
and
QUICKLY M I M O V I
PmntS.OANDffUH
A
III MIS
W M II n r H m iilP tM * Me* ■ Ir t'w W t i s t f e e a
No l«Kh bfnhin|
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I n i !
TKnusimlinow tn
fo r
•NOCH M O S C A IO
• OM$ CO.
SERVICE UNDER
New Houston Hotel
Sixth and Everett SU.. Portland. Ore.
Four Mock* from Union Dooot. Two btoeki
from New PoetofAee. Modern and Or*proof
Over 100 outaid* room*. Kate* 7ie to 12.00.
CHAS. C. HOPKINS. Manager.
Hides, Pelts, c b EE* Wool & Mohair
V* ••*) *1 r** k*r* WHS t*f Pm*. ■O l***! Tic*.
THE H. r. NORTON COMPANY,
Portland, Or*., HotUa, Wn .
Ilellinsbam. Wn.
White Leghorn Baby Ghix
from
hoavy lay I n s
per 100.
(H osanlaad) «Lock.
110.00
W e s>i*r*ntee asfe arrival.
THE PIONEER HATCHERY
415 Sixth Street.
SHIP
Petaluma, Cel.
Veal, Pork, Beef,
Poultry, Butter, Egg*
and Farm Produce,
to th* Old R oliabl« E venting houa* with a
record o f 46 ycara o f Square Daallnra. and
b* aaaurrd o f T O P M AR K E T PRICES.
F. M. CRONKHITE,
4S-47 Front Straat,
Portland, O r**on
FRED DUNDEE
MOTOR CAR REPAIRING
MACHINE W ORK
MAGNETO SERVICE STATION
ALL KINDS OF
W E L D IN G
CYLINDER GRINDING
PROMPT ATTENTION
T O ALL ORDERSI
Brood way at Flanders, Portland, Or.
P. N. U.
No. 21, 1918
Absolutely
too
I H otel H oy t
Corsa* Sixth aad Hoyt St*.. Paetlaad. Ova.
LOU HIMES. Manager.
RATES:— 75 * to * 2 .
SP E C IA L—Week or Month
ä*_____
If Swift & Company
Made No Profit
The cattle raiser would receive only
Y q cent a pound more for his cattle
So small is Swift & Company’s
profit on any single transaction
that if it were turned over to the
cattle raisers of the country, they
would receive o nl y Vs cent a
pound more for cattle than they
receive now.
Swift & Company pays for live cattle
about 90% o f the amount received for
dressed meat and by-products. The
remaining 10% pays for packing-house
expense, freight to market, operation
o f distributing houses and profit. Swift
& Company’s actual figures per head
for 1917 on over two million cattle
were as follows:
From
may be desirable In order to afford
drainage when the surface is frozen.
Itut sand muds must be surfaced with
some other muterlul if they are to be
Improved to any extent, and in that
case the surface of the traveled way
would have to be crowned as usual.
Also, where curves occur In the align
ment it is desirable to “ bank” or ele
vate the outer edge of the roadway nnd
thus make the crown one way.
EMBLEM
M ONEY FOR YOU.
MonoA«
Si rue ted wherever It Is necessary to
carry water across the road.
0. Avoid turning water from one In
tersecting rond down the side ditches
o f another. Also avoid draining adja
cent Helds Into the side ditches.
Crown.
The proper crown to give the cross
section of n rond surface depends on
two opposed factors:
(a) It Is desirable to get water away
THIS
MR. PA KM KK— You'll enjor'koepinr our Very-
Simple Farm Record, with changeable column*, Tbouianda of trained
people n
covering one year Sent postpaid. 11.00.
Bahnka-Walkar Buri
I. Portland.
K. C. Smith Co.. Denver.'Colo. rtud^.
'- In position*.
any time. Fran
Catalogue.
Good Advice.
Inattention.
Visitor—My poor friend, pause to
consider when next you are tempted.
“ I am always being misunderstood,”
Take time, my dear man, take time. remarked the man who complains.
"You are not misunderstood,” re
Convict—That’s wot I done. I did
take time— I took a watch.—Exchange. plied Mr. Rufnek. “ You have been
making the same complaints for years
and people have simply got tired of
More Grub.
“ What we need,” declared the first listening.”— Washington Star.
Russian, “ la a man on horseback.”
"Yea.” assumed the other one, "we
To keep clean and healthy take Dr.
could use a little horse meat, that's Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets. They regu
true.”— Kansas City Journal.
late liver, bowels and stomach.
R eceipts
Self w rin g in g
S im p le and p rsr-
l u ti dire«tsuiM w ith r e c h m o s.
FIXOTT
POST OFFICE
roadway
icnvrtlv«» 1 1riiInaic** usually should I hi
the v«*ry first consideration In connec
tion with the locution und design of
any road. This statement requires no
•ixplunutlon, because the action of wa
ter In changing ctuy Into rnud und In
causing all kinds o f soils, except sand,
| to give way when a load Is applied. Is
familiar to every person living In a
humid climate. The following aurn-
| mury supplies u few suggestions as to
how water may best be removed from
a road bed:
]. The road surface should he
crowned so as to shed water off to the
side ditches us rapidly as It falls on
the road.
li. Wherever the r.ind Is In an exca
vation, sultiihle side ditches or gutters
should he provided along the sides so
$ 1 .0 0 t h e s u i t
Il y«i» iUU « mao « nipplr y<
«V« WlU S»*d lh#w». -U.fr* Ut9\m
on i tempri <4 prie*, t f 00 **<l
Sapolio doing its toork. Scouring
for USMarine Corps recruits.
Payments
$8.61
9%
im :
P rofil«
Salim i ,
Prri|M
Craaaial
By-products
$ 24.09
26%
M eat
Paid
for
Live
Cattle
$68.9 7
74%
$84.45
91 To
Total
Total
$93.06
From
REMEDY FOR CUCUMBER BUGS KINDNESS TO DAIRY CATTLE
Concentrated Solution of Nicotine,
Properly Applied, Is Fatal to
Larvae, Says Expert.
Farmer Who Appreciates Good Cows
Will Prosper on Returns From
His Animals.
(By W IL L IA M MOORE. Minnesota Ex
periment Station.)
A concentrated nicotine solution of
which there uro several brands on the
market, properly applied. Is fatal to
the larvae of the cucumber beetle,
which sometimes does n large amount
of damage to cucumbers whether In
the cold frame or lu the field. One tea
spoonful of a 40 per cent solution
of nlcotico In a gallon of water Is
enough.
The gardener should look for the lar
vae of the beetle Just at the surface
of the sol!. When he discovers them
he should pour his nicotine solution
on carefully with a narrow half-pint
cup, being sure to let It run down all
sides of the stalk.
Fighting the larvae of the cucumber
beetle is better than fighting the adult
beetle Itself, as the adults work chief
ly on th<* leaves nnd do not get at the
vital parts of the plant.
The farmer, who regnrds his dairy
cattle as dirty machines that thrive on
abuse, will never make any money In
the dairy business, while the cattle
owner who appreciates good dairy
cows nnd trents them with kindness
will like farming nnd will prosper on
the returns from his cows.
Hena Need Animal Food.
Laying hens need animal food of
some kind. There Is nothing better
thnn ground green bone and It la
cheap.
Coat of Dozen Eggs.
From a good, average-laying stock
of hens the cost of a dozen eggs usu- !
ally varies between eight and ten
cents.
In shipping hatching eggs every pre
caution Is taken to gunrd against
chitling.
$93.06
* This net profit o f $1.29 per head
averages Va cent a pound live weight.
And out o f this small net profit divi
dends must be paid to shareholders.
Year Book o f interesting and
instructive facts sent on request.
Address Swift & Company,
Union Stock Yards, Chicago, Illinois
Swift & Company, U.S. A.
/