5
GERMAN ARMIES
ARE REINFORCED
French Stronghold Is Captured;
40,000 Prisoners Taken.
Allies Force Back German Lines
25 Miles Assaults Disastrous
Losses Are Enormous.
London. German reinforcements es
timated at 60,000 men are advancing
Into France In three columns, accord
ing to an Ostend dispatch to the neu
ter Telegram company,
It is Bald that an entire German
army corps Beems to be marching to
the Bouth, ptiBBlng between Ouden
arde, East Flanders and Grammont.
It Is probably Intended to reinforce the
German right wing.
The French fortress of Maubeuge,
on the Sambre River, near the Belgian
frontier, has fallen, the Germans tak
ing 40,000 prisoners, Including four
generals, and seizing 400 guns.
According to a dispatch from Bor
deaux, the French war office issued
the following statement:
".On-the left wing all the German at
tempts to break the French lines on
the right bank of the Ourcq river have
failed. We have taken two standards.
"The British army has crossed the
Marne and the enemy has fallen back
about 40 kilometers (25 miles).
"On the center and right wing there
Is no notable change.
The official summary of the situa
tion issued from army headquarters at
Paris in the course of the afternoon
said:
"First On the left wing, although
the Cermans have been reinforced, the
situation remains satisfactory. The
enemy is retreating before the British
1 army.
"Second At the center our advance
is slow but general. On the right
wing there has been no action of the
enemy against the great circle of
Nancy. In the Vosges and in Alsace
the situation remains unchanged.
WILSON URGES PEOPLE TO
PRAY FOR PEACE OCT. 4
Washington, D. C Sunday, October
4, was proclaimed a day of prayer for
peace in Europe by President Wilson
in a proclamation, the president call-
ins on all persons in the United States
to participate. The proclamation fol
lows:
"By the President of the United
States of America a proclamation.
"Whereas, Great nations of the
world have taken up arms against one
another and war now draws millions
of men into battle whom the counsel
of statesmen have not been able to
save from the terrible sacrifice; and
.,-"Whereas, In this, as in all things,
it Is our privilege and duty to Beek
counsel and succor of Almighty God,
humbling ourselves before him, con
fessing our weakness and our lack
of any wisdom equal to these things;
and.
"Whereas, It Is the especial wish
and longing of the people of the Unit
ed States, in prayer and counsel and
all friendliness, to serve the cause of
peace;
- "Therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson,
President of the United States of
America, do designate Sunday, , the
fourth day of October, next, a day of
prayer and supplication and do re
quest all God-fearing persons to re
pair on that day to their places of
worship, there to unite their petitions
to Almighty God, that, overruling the
counsel of men, setting straight the
things they cannot govern or alter,
taking pity on the nations now in the
throes of conflict, In his mercy and
goodness showing a way where men
can see none, he vouchsafe his chil
dren healing peace again and restore
once more that concord among men
and nations without which there can
be neither happiness nor true friend
ship nor any wholesome fruit of toil
or thought in the world; praying also
to this end that he forgive us our Bins,
our ignorance of his holy will, our will
fulness and many errors, and lead us
in the paths of obedience to places
of vision and to thoughts and counsels
that purge and make wise."
, Railway Mail Law Up.
Washington, D. C In a final report
submitted to congress the Bourne com
mittee on railway mail pay has recom
mended a law substituting space for
weight as the basis of railway mail
compensation and has recommended
rates which will yield the railroads
slightly less than the average received
from the transportation of passengers.
In each instance it is computed on a
car-mile basis. It is estimated that
this will increase the compensation
of the railroads Rbout $3,000,000 per
annum, The railroads contend they
were underpaid $15,000,000 a year.
Peasant Traps 28 Foes.
Paris Twenty-eight Prussian pris
oners, the first to be seen in Paris in
the present war, arrived at St. Lazare
station Thursday. They had become
separated from their regiment and lost
their way. They asked a peasant near
. Meaux if the Germans had taken Paris
and how to get there. The peasant
replied that he thought Paris had fall
en and would conduct them to the
right road. When it was too late the
Prussians found he was leading them
Into the British lines.
Letter Carriers for Suffrage.
Omaha. After a quiet campaign of
three days the United States National
Association of Postoffice Clerks pass
ed almost unanimously a resolution in
dorsing woman suffrage. In the con
vention of more than 400 delegates
there were only half a dozen votes
against the suffrage measure.
Earlier in the day the association
passed a resolution asking the postmaster-general
to take Immediate
steps to, secure control and operation
of telegraph systems of the country.
NORTHWEST MARKET
REPORTS.
Portland.
The strong demand for Northwest
ern flour to be shipped to the eastern
seaboard is the feature of the grain
market. Figures as to the quantity
sold in the past few days are not avail
able, but grain men estimate that be
tween 150,000 and 200,000 barrels have
been sold to go from Portland alone.
It Is not known how much business of
thlB character has ben put through on
the Sound, but the volume is believed
to be large.
It Is conceded that the extent of the
business at present Is limited only by
the transportation facilities from this
port. Several of the interior mills are
trying to get space, on the Portland
New York steamers, but have learned
that all the space Is sold ahead.
It Is also the general belief that the
Pacific Coast flour, when It reaches
the east, will be transshipped to Eu
rope without delay. The English gov
ernment for a week past has been buy
ing American flour through agents in
this country, and the progress of the
war, as shown by the press dispatches,
bears out the assumption that the
need for breadstuffs on the other side
is urgent,
Among the trades was a sale of club
at Walla Walla at a price equal to
as Mi cents here.
Enough hops have been picked to
date in a number of the sections to
give some Indication of the size of the
crop. In the Ballston, Sherwood, Dal
las, Wodburn, St. Paul, Mt. Angel, Sil
verton, Monitor, Marquam and New
berg districts the returns show the
crop will be from 20 to 50 per cent
short of last year. The fuggle crop
In the valley Is decidedly shy of last
year's quantity.
The rain was general throughout
the hop belt and temporarily checked
harvesting. As there is an abundance
of pickers this year, growers have no
fear of the weather.
Wheat Bid.
Bluestem $ l.ll
Fortyfold 99
Club 97
Red Russian 95
Red fife .95
Oats
No. 1 white feed 28.00
Brewing 25.00
Bran 24.50
Shorts 26.00
Millfeed Spot prices: Bran, $26.50
per ton; shorts, $29.60; rolled barley,
$28.
Corn Whole, $38 per ton.
Hay Old timothy, Eastern Oregon,
$15 16; new-crop timothy, valley,
$12.5013; grain hay, $810; alfalfa,
$1112.
Eggs Fresh Oregon ranch, case
count, 2830c; candled, 3234c.
Poultry Hens, 14c; Springs, 14c;
turkeys, 22c; dressed, choice, 25c;
ducks, 1015c; geese, 10c.
Butter Creamery prints, extras,
35c per pound; cubes, 31c; storage,
2828c.
Pork Block, 12 c per pound.
Veal Fancy, 1313c per pound.
Onions Yellow, $11.25 per sack.
Green Fruits Apples, new, 50c
$1.25 box; cantaloupes, 60c$1.25 per
box; plums, 60c$l; watermelons,
8090c per hundred; pears, 60c$l
per box; grapes, 75c$1.25 per crate.
Potatoes Oregon, $1.35 per sack.
Cattle Prime Bteers, $6.757.10;
choice, $6.506.75; medium, $6.25
$6.50; Choice cows, $5.756.00; medi
um, $5.255.75; Heifers $5.506.25;
Calves, $6.008.50; Bulls, $3.004.75;
Stags, $4.505.75.
Hogs Light, $9.009.20; heavy,
$8.008.20.
Sheep Wethers, $4.005.25; Ewes,
$3.504.50; Lambs, $5.004.50.
Seattle.
Not yet has the peach trade reached
a level which will show better profits
to the grower or a scarcity, although
the past two or three days would give
this indication. The market at 40c
for best Elbertas was firm, and pre
dictions for the coming week include
both higher and- lower levels, but the
fact remains that Wenntchee has not
begun to ship its orange, lemon and
Italian clings and Simmons seedlings
or Muirs, and Cashmei'e has just start
ed its Elbertas Into market. The can
yon districts of eastern Washington
have scarcely commenced to market
their product. Much of this stock is
due to show next week. The Simmons
seedlings have always been rated at
a higher quality and price level than
the Elbertas. There is a large amount
of excellent canning fruit in these
coming shipments, and any rapid re
covery from the extremely low prices
in peaches is doubtful at this time.
Wheat Bluestem, $1.10 per bu.;
fortyfold, 99c per bu.; club, 97c per
bu.; Fife, 96c per bu; red Russian,
94c per bu; turkey red, $1.03 pea bu.
Oats $2930 per ton; barley, $25
26 per ton; rye, $26 per ton; middl
ings $3536 per ton; shorts, $3940
per ton.
Feed Bran, $2627 per ton; chop,
$3132 per ton; rolled barley, $25
26 per ton; alfalfa meal, $20 per ton;
alfalfa molasses, $22 per ton; whole
corn, $39 per ton; cracked corn, $40
per ton; straw, $9 per ton.
Hay Puget sound, $1213 per ton;
eastern Washington, $1516 per ton;
alfalfa, $13 per ton; wheat hay, $13
14 per ton.
The following prices are offered to
the producer by the local dealers for
delivery in round lots f. o. b. Seattle:
Eggs Select ranch, 36c doz.
Poultry Live hens, ll15c per lb;
old roosters, 10c per lb; 1914 broilers,
1415c per lb; ducklings, 1012c per
lb; geese, 10c per lb; guinea fowl, $9
per doz.
Dressed Beef Prime beef steers,
1212c per lb; cows, ll12c per
lb; heifers, 12c per lb.
Dressed veal 15 c per lb.
Dressed hogs Whole, packing
house, 14c per lb.
Dressed spring lamb 1213c per
lb.
Dressed mutton 9 llc per lb.
Apples New cooking, 6085c per
box; new eating, $1,250)1.50 per box;
Gravenstelns, $11.50 per box.
Blackberries 75c per crate.
Cantaloupes Ponies, 60c per crate;
standards, 75c $1 per crate.
Crabapples 50c$1.25 per box.
Huckleberries 67c per lb.
Pears Bartlett, $11.60 per box.
, Peaches 40c per crate.
FARM ORCHARD
Notes and Instruction from Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations
of Oregon and Washington, Specially Suitable to Pacific Coast Conditions
Co-operative Cheese Factories.
Oregon Agricultural College, Corval-
lis. Tillamook specializes In cheese
and has 20 cooperatively owned cheese
factories. Their method of organizing
and operation is explained as follows
by Dr, Hector Macpherson, professor
of political economy at the Oregon
Agricultural College:
"When the need of a cooperative
factory Is felt, meetings are called and
Interest aroused. Then a thorough
canvass of the neighborhood Is made
with a view to determining how much
milk can be secured. The canvass In
dicates how large a factory will be re
quired; and, on this basis a corpora
tion is organized with a capital stock
ranging from $1,600 to $2,500, with
shares varying from $10 to $100. The
farmers subscribe for the stock. In
case enough of the stock is not sold
to finance the factory, a loan is secur
ed from the local banks. They usual
ly are able to get what credit they
need at the very reasonable rate of 4
per cent per annum for two years. By
the time the loan matures, they have
as a rule saved enough to pay all
debts.
"Each association Is under a board
of three directors elected by the share
holders at their annual meeting. The
bylaws stipulate that each member
shall have but one vote in managing
the affairs of the corporation, regard
less of the number of shares he holds.
Although this provision conflicts with
our corporation law under which the
factories are organized, the members
abide by the bylaws. The bylaws again
conflict with the state law in their
provision that no member shall sell
his stock without first offering It to
the association. These elements of
confusion arise because of the tact
that we have a cooperative law in this
stats so idealistic in its provisions as
to be practically useless. Hence, co
operative societies are forced to or
ganize under corporate law.
"The cheese-maker is hired at a
salary of from $1,000 to $1,200 a year.
Then 16 cooperative factories and
three privately owned concerns have
united In hiring a common Inspector
and in maintaining a central office
and sales agent at Tillamook. Every
cheese Is inspected and unless it
comes up to a certain standard it does
not receive the brand of the associa
tion. Cheese bearing the brand of
the association has attained a reputa
tion which makes the work of the sell
ing agency a pleasure. The sales de
partment, in charge of Mr. Haberlach,
handled 3,100,000 pounds of cheese
during the past year; and received in
payment about $510,000, or an average
of about 16 cents a pound. Both the
inspector and the sales agent receive
fixed salaries, to which all the aso
ciated factories contribute in propor
tion to their output. Most of the sup
plies required by the factories belong
ing to Mr. Haberlach's agency are pur
chased In wholesale quantities, thus
saving about 15 per cent in cost.
"The common plan of doing busi
ness is to set a fixed charge per pound
for making and selling , the cheese.
The aim is to make this high enough
to meet all expenses and pay a fair
rate of interest as dividends on stock.
"Since cheese is made on the basis
of a fixed charge per pound, the net
profits vary inversely as the expenses
of the year. Any extraordinary ex
pense means smaller dividends on
stock. Under favorable circum
stances, dividends have been as high
as 20 per cent; while again, they have
gone almost to nothing.
"Though this dividend scheme
seems to give satisfaction at Tilla
mook, it is not true cooperation, and
is being gradually abandoned in Wis
consin and Iowa. It has been found
that high dividends always lead to
trouble and division. So they are giv
ing way to a moderate interest on
the actual investment, followed by the
distribution of the net surplus among
the patrons in proportion to the milk
or cream supplied the association.
"Apart from the method of paying
dividends, the Tillamook associations
give a fair idea of the organization of
creameries and cheese factories
throughout the country. Experience
has Bhown that there should be an
assurance of at least 400 cows for a
creamery, or 200 cows for a cheese
factory before an association is start
ed. If these numbers cannot be re
lied on, the dairymen would probably
do better to form a milk-shipping or
skimming station to market their pro
duct. "Capital is commonly raised on the
Tillamook plan, the members taking
the stock and paying for it, either in
cash or with their negotiable notes.
The common European method of bor
rowing the necessary capital on the
joint liability of the members of the
association has not found much favor
in the United States.
"The possibilities of economy in the
dairy Industry show the underlying
principles of success in practically all
branches of agriculture. Progress
which is deep-rooted and permanent
can only be achieved through the uni
fication of rural forces and resources.
To right of him and to left of him, the
farmer comes face to face with con
solidated capital under expert man
agement. Only when reinforced by
union with his fellow agriculturists,
iB he In a position to demand fair
treatment. For the achievement of
this end, cooperative, enterprise has,
as we have seen, proved effective in
the dairy industry." j
Blind May Now Play Cards.
A newly devised deck of playing
cards makes It possible for those who
have lost their sight to play simple
card games. At the top and bottom
of these cards there are holes punch
ed in groups corresponding to the
Braille characters, or raised letters
which the blind are generally taught
to read.
Counting Up Fines.
"Are the running expenses of an
automobile very high?"
"Not If the motorcycle cop falls to
get your number." ,
Hogging Off the Corn Crop.
Oregon Agricultural College, Corval-
lis. While corn may be grown in Ore
gon for a number of purposes it finds
Its most profitable application in rel
atively few, according to experts at
the Oregon Agricultural College
Among the most profitable uses are
as a full green feed for cows, as silage
for both summer and winter feeding
for dairy cows In WeBtern Oregon and
for winter feeding in Eastern Oregon,
and perhaps most Important of all
as a fattening crop for hogs. In the
latter use it Is not to be husked and
pen-fed but harvested by the hog him
self in the field.
Throughout Oregon it is believed
that for hogs the most profitable re
sults may be had from the corn crop
where it is hogged off. In Western
Oregon the corn dries out so poorly
before the winter rains start and the
winter weather Itself Is so moist that
It Is almost impossible to store husked
corn and feed it In the pen to hogs or
other stock in the usual way. In East
ern Oregon on dry farming landB the
yield is so light as greatly to reduce
the profits of the crop If the expense
of huBklng Is to be borne. Aside from
these facts It has been shown in many
successful trials that the hog will make
as large gains per acre (or even larger
gains) where he is turned into the
corn when It Is nearly ripe as he will
be making when the corn is husked
and fed to him in the pen. Hence the
value of this method and the reason
for its recommendation. It not only
does away with the additional cost
and other difficulties of husked corn,
but gives better results with the hog.
Where hogging off is to be followed
two to three pounds of rape per acre
should be seeded between the rows of
corn at the time of the last cultiva
tion. Rape is a rapid grower and Ie
ready for pasturing In the latter part
of September, when the corn is in the
silage stage and ready for the hogs.
It is a very palatable succulent feed,
much relished by the hog In combina
tion with corn; and further, its high
protein content makes an ideal bal
ance to the high carbohydrates of the
corn. In Eastern Oregon the same
practice may be followed on Irrigated
lands, while on the dry farming lands,
where moisture is insufficient, rape
may be seeded in strips alternating
with the corn rather than between the
rows.
Forty-bushel corn will finish from
10 to 12 hogs per acre. Pigs which
have been farrowed in the spring and
pastured through the summer on clo
ver, vetch, alfalfa, rape or field peas,
may be turned Into the corn when the
grain gets well dented, and finished
there for the market. No cheaper or
better method of pork production can
be found than this.
Where this forage rotation for hog
production is followed, 26-lnch woven
wire hog fencing temporarily Btretch
ed to good end posts and fastened to
driven stakes between, is used as port
able fence to, move the pigs from one
section of the rotation to the next.
Two men and a team can set up 250
rods a day of such portable fence,
which proves entirely satisfactory.
With such a system; of course, plen
ty of water and salt, and a little sup
plementary feed of barley, tankage,
or the like, as needed, should be used.
The writer believes that this plan
may well become the Oregon system
of pork production.
The best hogglng-off variety Is one
that may be rather too late to ripen
fully its grain but which produces a
good heavy ear. A good many Oregon
fatmers are deceived as to the value
of the variety of corn since they are
Inclined to judge value by the height
of the stalk and the amount of forage
produced. There are many varieties,
such as the Pride of the North and
some others of the fodder producing
sorts that will grow two or three feet
taller than the College Minnesota No.
13, and will produce a good deal more
stalk, leaf and fodder. But this qual
ity is of relatively little importance
or Indeed may be a distinctly bad
quality, for It should be fully under
stood that the major share of the di
gestible nutrients of the successful
corn crop are found in the grain.
In the best type of corn plant the
weight of the shelled grain will nearly
equal the weight of the stalk and by
far the larger part of the digestible
nutrients are in the grain. Varieties
that produce excessive growth of stalk
and fodder never make good green
yields. Hence the variety selected
should contain a large amount of
grain. A variety producing a sturdy
stalk of medium height with an abun
dance of broad leaves and a single
heavy ear of moderately well matured
grain is the variety best adapted to
Oregon conditions. It is not at all
necessary to select a variety that will
fully ripen and dry out before the
hogs are turned Into the field.
Wanted to Look Around.
'Is your client going to plead in
sanity?"
"I haven't decided, replied the law
yer. "He wants to look the ground
over and see which Is the easiest to
escape from, the prison or the asy
lum." Why it Made Him Sad.
"Spring is here, the time for sing
ing birds."
"Yes, and It makes me sad."
"Why so?"
"The birds' notes are due and so
are mine."
Serum taken from healthy persons
who have had Infantile paralysis in
youth iB used by a French doctor in
treating general paralysis in adults.
Representatives of the Belgian gov
ernment are trying to drive an auto
mobile the length of Africa from the
Cape of Good Hope to Cairo.
German child labor laws define chil
dren as boys and girls less than thir
teen yeau of age and those older who
still attend school.
Small Black Hat
w - r
fi ' V ff ?
gl
WHATEVER the shape or the size
of the hat, very tall trimmings are
given preference. High effects In coq,
hackle and burnt ostrich are all In evi
dence. High quill fancies, alone or in combi
nation with bands, are favorably men
tioned. The majority of these are made bf
coq or goose feathers, wonderfully col
ored. Odd-looking birds with tall, slim
tails are smart. Long pointed wings
of hackle are to continue a Btrong fea
ture. The new floral toques and hats are
delicious. They are dainty beyond all
words, and they are, almost all, be
coming. .
A turned-up hat I saw recently was
a symphony In violet. The crown was
completely covered with exquisitely
made violets, and the mount which
stood out at one side was made of vio
lets and violet leaves. Then the brim
of the hat was covered with chip In a
dull shade of violet, and the intention
Is that a white lace veil should accom
pany this particular model.
This style of hat Is very fashion
Last Rose of Summer in Millinery
THE heart of the summer could not
be more fully expressed in any
apparel than it is In these two ex
quisite hats. Full-blown roses, of the
large garden variety, are used on both
of them. The first hat, rather small,
shows a marvelously clever and orig
inal combination of the simplest of
millinery materials. It Is made of
black silk braid and blue satin rib
bon over the lightest of frames. There
Is a finish of horsehair braid forming
a ruffle about the brim edge. The
materials are put on the frame In the
simplest possible manner, a row of
braid alternating with a band of rib
bon. The edge is bound with a nar
row fold of velvet to which the ruf
fle Is sewed. There Is a facing of
thin satin In black.
One large full-blown rose la mount-
ed at the back and a sister rose sets
close to the left side near the edge of
the brim. The model is finished by
sotting small green buds and little
sprays of foliage about the crown and
brim. The charm in this modal Uea
Effectively Trimmed
v
able In Paris. Some of the new floral
toques are rather wonderful in outline.
They are made with turban brims and
very high pointed crowns, the latter
completely covered with small flowers.
In other cases the entire toque Is cov
ered with flowers and a butterfly bow
in black moire or black satin Is Intro
duced at one Bide. Either design la
extremely effective.
A great many pure white silk hats
are worn, especially In the morning, In
conjunction with smart tailored sulta
In white serge or , pastel tinted cloth.
These charming hats are as a rule
made with flat, narrow brims, and In
many cases the crowns are high and
Btraight, like the crown that was so
much admired when It was Intro
duced some time ago. White peau de
Bole or white shantung is a favorite
material for covering these hats, and
some charming little models are en
tirely covered with lengths of ribbon
Which show a picot edge.
The small black hat shown above
Is edged with lace and tastefully
trimmed with a large bow of cluny;
lace and aigrettes.
JULIA BOTTOMLEY. 1
In Its airiness and originality of design.
From the establishment of Lewis,
In Paris, comes another simple and
striking hat for the end of the sum
mer. It is a blocked shape of hemp
tilting upward at the back. Except
for the wreath of full-blown pink roses
which extends over the crown and en
tirely across the hair at the back,
and a flat sash of ribbon which slips
through Blashes In the crown and ter
minates la a bow on the bandeau, the
shape is without decoration, This
model was made for no less a person
age than the Princess Zezlauoff, on
whom It la pictured.
No flower la quite o appropriate
when the summer has reached Its
height as the big garden rose for trim
ming mid-summer millinery. But It
must be cleverly handled. An ap
pearance of weight or overelaboration
is out of place at this season. The
two models portrayed here demon
strate more clearly than worda that
excellence of simplicity.
JULIA BOTTOfcV.iY. I